NURBS插补技术在复杂曲面数控加工中的应用

分析了NURBS(Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline)曲线直接插补技术相对于传统数控系统中采用的直线或圆弧逼近对NURBS曲线数控编程的优越性;探讨采用NURBS曲线插补技术的CNC机床曲线曲面的加工方法以及实际应用中需要进一步解决的问题。     

基于STEP-NC的CNC系统中插补技术研究

STEP—NC是一个新的数控编程接口，基于STEP—NC的CNC系统是未来数控技术发展方向之一。在该系统中不但具有直线和圆弧插补功能，而且还具有样条曲线插补功能。开发了一个统一的基于NURBS样条曲线插补的通用插补器，推导出一个简洁的NURBS几何数据预处理算法，详细论述了基于等弧长的插补技术和插补原理。最后，通过仿真和实例加工验证了上述算法的有效性和可靠性。     

NURBS曲线插补在数控加工中的应用研究

进给速度的变化是机床产生振动和影响加工质量的重要原因之一。为了有效降低进给速率的变化率,从而达到抑制机床振动,提高加工效率和质量的目的。提出基于NURBS曲线插补方法对数控程序进行后处理,通过合理选择基函数、控制点、权因子等参数来实现拟合精度及进给速度的优化。以花瓣曲面零件作为数控加工对象,开展了NURBS曲线插补与直线圆弧插补方式的数控加工仿真与切削加工对比试验分析。结果表明,NURBS曲线插补加工方式具有减少数控加工时间,提高数控加工精度与表面质量,提升机床动态性能的优势。     

基于STEP-NC的CNC系统中插补技术研究

STEP-NC是一个新的数控编程接口,基于STEP-NC的CNC系统是未来数控技术发展方向之一.在该系统中不但具有直线和圆弧插补功能,而且还具有样条曲线插补功能.开发了一个统一的 基于NURBS样条曲线插补的通用插补器,推导出一个简洁的NURBS几何数据预处理算法,详细论述了基于等弧长的插补技术和插补原理.最后,通过仿真和实例加工验证了上述算法的有效性和可靠性.     

基于UG的NURBS曲线插补技术的应用研究

高速切削加工作为模具制造中重要的一项先进制造技术,NURBS曲线插补技术逐步得到应用。在UG中通过对连结分段、角度公差、拟合公差等参数的设置以及对UGCAM后处理器的修改,生成了NURBS曲线插补指令,从而驱动CNC机床实现了NURBS曲线插补的高速加工。     

基于PLC的开放式数控NURBS插补功能的研究与实现

针对一种基于PLC的开放式数控系统,应用NURBS(Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline)曲线插补技术,对传统的自由曲线插补算法进行改进.同时根据STEP-NC标准对CAD/CAM/CNC一体化的新型数控插补方法进行研究,利用ActiveX技术实现了与CAD系统的数据交换,并在实验数控系统中加以应用.实验结果证明该插补算法可以有效地提高实时插补速度和精度,提高数控系统的工作效率.     

基于PLC的开放式数控NURBS插补功能的研究与实现

针对一种基于PLC的开放式数控系统,应用NURBS(Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline)曲线插补技术,对传统的自由曲线插补算法进行改进.同时根据STEP-NC标准对CAD/CAM/CNC一体化的新型数控插补方法进行研究,利用ActiveX技术实现了与CAD系统的数据交换,并在实验数控系统中加以应用.实验结果证明该插补算法可以有效地提高实时插补速度和精度,提高数控系统的工作效率.     

基于制造特征的高速加工CAD/CAM/CNC的集成

论述了基于制造特征的高速加工技术，分析了目前普通数控加工中CAD/CAM/CNC系统信息集成的缺陷，针对高速加工提出了CAD/CAM/CNC集成解决方案，并给出具体的加工实例，生成STEP-NC数控程序。     

参数插补NURBS曲线建模及控制方法研究

在现代CAD/CAM系统中,模具、飞机模型、汽车、涡轮叶片等零件轮廓通常是由参数方程给出,而传统的CNC系统通常只有直线、圆弧插补功能,因而CAM系统必须将曲线轮廓离散为CNC系统可识别的直线或圆弧段,通常均为直线段。而这个转换过程存在如下缺点:     

CNC系统NURBS直接插补的应用研究

通过分析NURBS曲线的参数表达及其数据计算方法,研究了CNC系统NURBS直接插补的过程。编程加工实例表明:NURBS直接插补编程加工,数控加工代码精简短小,能适应高速、高效和高质量加工。研究结论对工程加工实践具有一定的指导意义。     

A Study on an Open Architecture CNC System with a NURBS Interpolator for WEDM

This paper deals with the design and implementation of an open architecture CNC system for wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) with a consideration of the differences between WEDM and NC cutting machines. Work using open architecture controllers (OACs) has focused mainly on metal cutting machines. WEDM has many aspects similar to milling machines. However, there are differences in the machining processes and control strategies. To close the gap between previous general work on OAC and the WEDM specific needs, an open architecture NC model for WEDM comprised of a synchronisation kernel and an NC functional module is proposed. The proposed CNC system is applied to an existing commercial WEDM system by a retrofitting method. A precise NURBS interpolation function is implemented and sample runs are conducted with a NURBS interpolator that is added to the proposed system.     

高速加工理论在普通数控机床上的应用

高速加工在切削速度、材料去除率以及表面加工质量等方面较普通数控加工具有明显优势。在工艺研究中,将高速加工切削理论应用在现有的普通数控设备上,在主轴转速不变或相应提高的情况下,提高切削移动速度同时减小切削深度进给量,从而达到提高切削效率、减小切削应力以及改善加工表面质量的目的。     

基于STEP-NC的NURBS曲面插补技术的研究

为提高曲面的加工效率和精度,提出了一种基于STEP—NC的非均匀有理B样条曲面加工方法。基于STEP—NC的数控系统能够直接处理包括完整的非均匀有理B样条曲面几何信息和1力Ⅱ工工艺信息的STEP—NC程序。详细讨论了非均匀有理B样条曲面插补算法的实现,并通过仿真试验,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Enhancement and verification of a machined surface quality for glass milling operation using CBN grinding tool—Taguchi approach

Nowadays, the demand for high product quality focuses extensive attention to the quality of machined surface. The (CNC) milling machine facilities provides a wide variety of parameters set-up, making the machining process on the glass excellent in manufacturing complicated special products compared with other machining processes. However, the application of grinding process on the CNC milling machine could be an ideal solution to improve the product quality, but adopting the right machining parameters is required. Taguchi optimization method was used to estimate optimum machining parameters with standard orthogonal array L₁₆ (4⁴) to replace the conventional trial and error method as it is time-consuming. Moreover, analyses on surface roughness and cutting force are applied which are partial determinant of the quality of surface and cutting process. These analyses are conducted using signal to noise (S/N) response analysis and the analysis of variance (Pareto ANOVA) to determine which process parameters are statistically significant. In glass milling operation, several machining parameters are considered to be significant in affecting surface roughness and cutting forces. These parameters include the lubrication pressure, spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut as control factors. While, the lubrication direction is considered as a noise factor in the experiments. Finally, verification tests are carried out to investigate the improvement of the optimization. The results showed an improvement of 49.02% and 26.28% in the surface roughness and cutting force performance, respectively.     

Non-redundant tool trajectory generation for surface finish machining based on geodesic curvature matching

The increasing complexity of surface has put forward higher demands for CNC machining trajectory generation. The constant scallop height method has the disadvantage of point redundancy during trajectory discretization. Therefore, a non-redundant tool trajectory generation method for surface finish machining is put forward. The cutting row spacing is determined by the geodesic curvature according to scallop height and the convexity or concavity of the local surfaces. The adjacent cutter contact (CC) points with constant scallop height are expressed point by point from the present CC point. The redundant points are removed by maximizing each cutting step length through making the chord error equal to the machining allowable error. The dual NURBS ruled surface is constructed to realize smooth transition of the tool trajectories and tool axis vector. The prototype system taking ACIS R13 and HOOPS V11.0 as modeling kernel has been developed to verify the proposed method. The experiment results proved that the proposed method can realize non-redundant tool trajectory considering tool interference during surface finish machining.     

A bisection method for the milling of NURBS mapping projection curves by CNC machines

The concept of non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) mapping projection curves (NURBS-MPCs) is proposed in this work. A NURBS-MPC is a projection curve on a NURBS surface of a NURBS curve. The bisection method is used to interpolate NURBS-MPCs. Using an assigned chord, the interpolation of a NURBS-MPC can be obtained easily, and the milling precision of the NURBS-MPC can be controlled effectively. Based on the NURBS theory, the bisection method, and the parametric programming method, an online NURBS software package (NURBS-SP) for FANUC 0i-MB/MC/MD CNC system and an offline NURBS toolbox (NURBS-T) for Matlab have been developed. Using an example of a planar NURBS curve, a NURBS-MPC is created on a NURBS surface. The simulation and milling of the NURBS-MPC show that the bisection method is feasible and effective. The online NURBS-SP endows the NURBS interpolation function for those CNC systems only equipped with linear interpolation (G01) and circular interpolation (G02/G03) and extends the interpolation functions and machining capability of low-middle level three-axis milling machines. The interactive application of the NURBS-T and NURBS-SP can accomplish the design, simulation, and milling for NURBS-MPCs. This feature makes them to have broad application prospects in CNC machining industry.     

Cutting force reduction and surface quality improvement in machining of aerospace duralumin AL-2017-T4 using carbon onion nanolubrication system

In machining of very high precision Duralumin AL-2017-T4 for aerospace applications, the shape varieties of the product lead to many different complicated shapes to be developed. The computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine facilities provides a wide variety of parameter set-up, making the machining process on the Duralumin AL-2017-T4 excellent in manufacturing complicated special products compared with other machining processes. However, the demand for high quality and fully automated production focuses attention on the cutting process, which are partial determinant of the quality of surface and affects the appearance, function, and reliability of the products. The key solution is to increase the effectiveness of existing lubrication systems in the machining process in order to improve product quality as it could reduce the friction component at the tool–chip interface. For further improvement, introducing the nanolubrication system could reduce the cutting force and produce much better surface quality as the rolling action of billions units of nanoparticles at the tool–chip interface could reduce the coefficient of friction significantly. In this study, carbon onion has been used as nanoparticle mixed with ordinary mineral oil at different concentrations to investigate the cutting force reduction and the surface quality improvement of CNC end-milling machined Duralumin AL-2017-T4. From the results, with using of carbon onion nanolubricant, the cutting force and surface roughness values are reduced by 21.99 and 46.32 %, respectively, compared with the case of using ordinary lubrication systems. This can be attributed to the tribological properties of carbon onion, which reduces the coefficient of friction at the tool–chip interface during the machining process.     

Implementation of online NURBS curve fitting process on CNC machines

The study aims to develop a method for implementing an online non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curve fitting process on CNC machines for improving the quality and efficiency of machining. Conventional CAD/CAM/CNC systems usually induce some machining difficulties and limit the machining results in real applications. Therefore, some researchers have proposed various methods for improving the machining results. An online NURBS curve fitting process consists of the fetching and fitting stages for CNC machines is developed in this paper. The fetching stage fetches a block of NC code and generates motion commands for obtaining data points. The fitting stage executes the NURBS curve fitting method along with a given set of data points. Moreover, the optimal search method is designed for obtaining good results in the NURBS curve fitting process. Simulations and machining tests carried out on a vertical machining center show that the proposed approach reduces the machining time to about 23% while maintaining the machining quality for the sample test.     

NURBS插补方式对数控铣削加工质量的影响

针对自由曲面加工误差较大的问题,从插补方式的角度进行了对比研究。对相同的二维抛物曲线分别以直线插补、直线-圆弧插补和NURBS插补三种插补方式进行实际加工,利用三坐标测量仪对所加工曲面轮廓进行测量,并获取相应的加工误差分布曲线。分析结果表明,NURBS插补刀具路径可以改善零件的加工精度和表面光顺性,有效地提高生产效率,并能够减少曲面后续抛光的工作量,较好地满足自由曲面高性能数控加工的需要。     

五轴联动数控加工的刀具路径优化方法研究

为解决五轴联动加工复杂曲面过程中的刀具路径不连续问题,提出了五轴数控的刀具路径优化方法。通过五轴NC代码的坐标变换还原有效切削路径,对切削路径进行误差约束下的非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲线拟合。对旋转轴路径采用五次样条曲线进行插值,建立切削路径和旋转轴路径的参数映射关系,通过机床逆运动变换求解C2连续的平动轴路径。实验表明,经过该方法优化后,切削路径和各驱动轴运动路径具有良好的平滑性,显著提高了五轴加工曲面精度和表面质量。