二维T-S波在壁面局部喷吸边界层流中的演化

采用壁面设置局部法向速度模拟喷吸条件,数值计算获得稳定的三维边界层基本流的数值解。在此基础上,研究不稳定的二维扰动T-S波在空间演化过程的非线性问题;探讨边界层壁面局部无量纲喷吸速度0.004,0.000 6对二维T-S波非线性演化的影响及其对增长率的贡献。数值计算结果表明,边界层平均流剖面的改变促进了扰动波的快速增长,增强了流体运动的不稳定性,扩大了中性曲线的不稳定区域范围,不稳定的二维T-S波获得了更大的增长率;不稳定的二维扰动T-S波在非线性演化过程中,由于非线性相互作用不断增强,逐渐诱导激发出三维扰动速度及高次谐波,其三维扰动基本波的流向波数和频率与二维扰动波的流向波数和频率相同;正、负相间流向涡及强剪切层已初步形成。     

黏土结合水起始剪切力对非达西渗流的影响

黏土结合水对黏土的流变、膨胀以及渗透等有显著影响,了解黏土结合水性质变化对黏土研究具有重要意义。基于黏土双电层理论,由黏土微电场推导黏土结合水抗剪强度与结合水到黏土颗粒距离的函数关系,并以此解释黏土非达西渗流的机理。结果表明:黏土结合水具有类似非牛顿液体性质,双电层中每一处结合水存在"起始剪切力",当水压力超过结合水的"起始剪切力"时,结合水将发生移动;黏土非达西渗流存在起始水力梯度,且起始水力梯度与结合水的"起始剪切力"呈线性关系;当黏土开始发生渗流时,结合水在孔隙中流速呈曲线分布,流量与水力梯度呈非线性关系,黏土渗流特征曲线出现下凹型非线性曲线。     

三维涡环与自由表面的粘性相互作用

本文用ＶＯＦ方法数值模拟了三维涡环与自由表面的粘性相互作用。重点考察了Ｆｒｏｕｄｅ数、Ｗｅｂｅｒ数、初始扰动及密度分层对涡环与自由表面相互作用的影响。结果表明：由于粘性的存在，使得涡环与自由表面的相互作用与无粘情形相比有许多不同。粘性的作用主要体现在涡量的耗散和新的二次涡环的产生；对自由表面变形而言，Ｆｒｏｕｄｅ数是主要的控制参数，Ｆｒｏｕｄｅ数越大，自由表面变形越显著，而Ｗｅｂｅｒ数的影响作用则     

Large-eddy simulation of the flow past both finite and infinite circular cylinders at Re =3900

The flow past a finite circular cylinder with a height-to-diameter ratio of 1.5 and an infinite circular cylinder of the same diameter at a Reynolds number Re= 3 900 is investigated using the large eddy simulation(LES). The objective of the present study is to explore the differences of the flow mechanisms between the finite and infinite circular cylinders. It is shown that the free end of the finite circular cylinders affects the wake region significantly. The mean drag coefficient and the fluctuating lift coefficient of the finite circular cylinder are smaller than those of the infinite circular cylinder. The three-dimensional separation and the separated shear layer instability of the finite circular cylinder can obviously be observed. The existence of an arch vortex in the average flow downstream of the free end is demonstrated.     

自然氧化弱膨胀土的剪切破坏特征试验研究

膨胀土体材料在大气环境下自然氧化,其黏粒的化学成分、矿物组分和颗粒结构将发生变化。通过XRF成分检测及室内土工试验方法,研究了不同围压条件下原状土样与氧化土样的剪切变形破坏规律,用硬化系数量化分析了土样从压缩硬化过渡到压剪混合破坏模态的非线性软化特征。结果表明：原状土样氧化后抗剪指标有所增强,内摩擦角变化是抗剪强度增加的关键因素。原状土样和氧化土样的剪切破坏机制较为复杂,在试验设定加载条件下,可能发生鼓曲状压缩、硬化压缩、压剪混合或剪切滑移等各类破坏模态。硬化系数可对土样加载过程中的剪切应力应变关系曲线进行量化,体现压缩硬化向压剪混合及剪切软化破坏模态过渡的非线性变化特征。可为膨胀土氧化效应研究及其土体稳定性分析提供一定的理论参考。     

自由项对交通流双曲型方程组数值解影响研究

该文以交通流模型中不同平衡函数表达式为例,对一阶非线性双曲型方程组的自由项形式与数值解的色散性、耗散性之间关系,进行了数值模拟研究。结果发现：自由项对方程组数值解的色散性和耗散性影响都是比较有规律的,这种规律性在不同初始密度条件下是不一样的;自由项导致方程组数值解色散或耗散强弱,与方程组的离散方式也有关,尤其在中等密度条件下。就Payne-Whitham模型方程,建议了能够对不同初始密度下扰动的传播和发展进行合理数值模拟的自由项和离散方式。     

LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL VORTICAL STRUCTURES FOR AN IMPINGING TRANSVERSE JET IN THE NEAR REGION

The three-dimensional vortical structures for an impinging transverse jet in the near region were numerically investigated by means of Large-Eddy Simulation (LES). The LES results reproduced the skewed jet shear layer vortices close to the jet nozzle and the scarf vortex in the near-wall zone, in good agreement with the experimental observations. Different vortical modes in the skewed jet shear layer close to the jet nozzle were identified depending upon the velocity ratio between jet and crossflow, namely changing from an approximately axisymmetric mode to a helical one with the velocity ratios varying from 20 to 8. Moreover, the scarf vortex wrapped around the impinging jet in the near-wall zone showed distinct asymmetry with regard to its bilateral spiral legs within the near region. And the entrainment of the ambient crossflow fluids by the scarf vortex in the near-wall zone was appreciably influenced by its asymmetry and in a large part occurred on the surface of the spiral roller structures in the course of spreading downstream.     

ANALYSIS OF HYDRODYNAMICS FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOW AROUND WAVING PLATES

Hydrodynamic characteristics for two-dimensional flow around a waving plate are investigated. Under large Reynolds number approximation, the flow is assumed to be a combination of the outer potential flow and a thin vortex layer, which consists of a boundary layer and a shed free shear layer. A nonlinear mathematical formulation for describing the outer unsteady potential flow coupled with an unsteady boundary layer equation for the inner viscous flow adjacent to the waving plate is developed. A semi-analytical method with a nonlinear Kutta condition imposed at the trailing edge is used to solve the velocity field of the outer flow and the evolution of wake vortex induced by a large-amplitude waving plate. The unsteady boundary layer equation is solved by extending Pohlhausen’s method to its unsteady counterpart. The thrust and viscous drag coefficients, propulsive efficiency, and the pattern of wake vortex sheet are discussed.     

消力池位移与应力三维有限元分析

通过对百色水利枢纽消力池的三维整体有限元计算 ,分析了不均匀地基上消力池的沉降与应力特征。根据消力池键槽“传剪传压不传拉”的特性及结构缝的工作机理 ,建立了键槽单元的非线性分析模型 ,并对比研究了不均匀地基上键槽布置方式对消力池应力与变形的影响 ,提出了合理的结构缝键槽布置方案     

NONLINEAR WAVE INDUCED BY AN ACCELERATING CYLINDRICAL TANK

This paper presents a method of solving Lagrangian version of governing equations that allows boundary conditions at the free surface to be satisfied exactly, which is a three-dimensional generalization of a method first put forward by Stoker. Analytical expressions of nonlinear hydrodynamic pressure up to the third order and of free surface displacement up to the fourth order of an accelerating cylindrical tank were obtained. Here only the motions of objects in their early stage after initial impulses was considered. As a justification of the method, the importment special case when the ratio of tank diameter to fluid depth tends to infinity was taken as an exainple, which shows that the linear hydrodynamic pressure obtained agrees completely with Westergaard or von Karman's classical result.     

土工合成材料与砂土界面摩擦特性分析

三向土工格栅作为一种新型土工材料已广泛应用于工程实践中,但其理论研究相对落后于实践。通过大型直剪仪,研究了不同强度的单向土工格栅、双向土工格栅、三向土工格栅、玻纤土工格栅和土工布与砂土界面在直接剪切时的相互作用特性,对比分析了上述5种土工合成材料在不同法向应力及剪切速率下的摩擦性能。结果表明,三向土工格栅与砂土界面的剪应力随着剪切速率的增加而减小,在同一法向应力下,三向土工格栅的剪切应力值明显大于单向和双向土工格栅。     

受控振动柱体对波浪影响的数值模拟研究

以不可压缩黏性流体的Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型,利用VOF方法追踪运动的自由表面的方法,建立了三维数值波浪与振动柱体相互作用的模型.基于经典绕射理论验证了波浪绕固定柱体传播的数值模型的可靠性,再采用动边界技术赋予柱体振动规律,研究受控振动柱体对波浪传播的影响,并通过控制柱体初始振动相位变化,系统地给出了在柱体振动的不同初始相位下柱体前后波浪变化的规律.     

Mean hydroclimatic and hydrological conditions during two climatic modes in the Devils Lake Basin,North Dakota (USA)

Proxy variables from palaeolimnological studies of lakes in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America have been used to infer large oscillations during the late Holocene between longer periods of high‐salinity–dry conditions and shorter periods of low‐salinity–wet conditions producing a normative pattern marked by the absence of hydrological stability. Studies of the historical rise in lake level at Devils Lake have identified 1980 as a transition point between two such hydroclimatic modes. This study uses multiple datasets to characterize the mean hydroclimatological and hydrological conditions of these two climatic modes. Mode 1 is a cool and dry phase, and mode 2 is a warmer and wetter phase. Precipitation onto the lake increased by 24% from mode 1 to mode 2. This small, but sustained, increase produced significant changes in the mean hydroclimatic and hydrological states for the basin, including a 383% increase in surface run‐off to the lake, and a 282% increase in the basin run‐off ratio. Devils Lake Basin is located along a hydrotone (region of strong hydroclimatic gradients) where small changes in hydrological drivers are amplified into large changes in regional moisture. The effects of the fluctuating climatic modes and strong hydroclimatic gradients are probably further amplified by the unique fill–spill hydrology of the northern glaciated plains, which can result in nonlinear precipitation–run‐off relationships. This natural pattern of extreme hydrological variations for Devils Lake produces enormous challenges for lake management.     

Fractional-step finite element method for calculation of 3-D free surface problem using level set method

1. INTRODUCTION Free surface problem is an important topic of CFD. It is not easy to simulate accurately and efficiently the free surface due to the complexity of the shape and the variety of position, especially for the three-dimensional problem. Some nu…     

BOUNDARY LAYER EFFECTS ON SOLID PARTICLE MOTION AND EROSIVE WEAR

ＢＯＵＮＤＡＲＹＬＡＹＥＲＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＮＳＯＬＩＤＰＡＲＴＩＣＬＥＭＯＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＥＲＯＳＩＶＥＷＥＡＲＬｉｕＸｉａｏ－ｂｉｎｇ（ＳｉｃｈｕａｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ，Ｃｈｅｎｇｄｕ６１１７４４，Ｐ．Ｒ．Ｃｈｉｎａ）Ｃｈｅｎ...     

非淹没圆柱群局部水流场特征分析

本文基于带自由表面水动力学数值模型,采用双方程k-ω的剪切应力输运(SST)湍流模式,对非淹没刚性圆柱群水流场进行了三维数值模拟。通过与实验数据的对比分析,验证了模型的有效性及模拟精度。通过圆柱群绕流场特征的模拟分析,探究了不同圆柱雷诺数和固体体积分数对柱群内剪切层渗入长度(δ)、柱群后尾流区剪切层长度以及床面应力空间分布特征的影响。     

初始剪应力和相位差对饱和砂土动力特性的影响

自然边坡存在初始剪应力,地震波双向振动存在相位差,两者对边坡砂土的动力特性都有影响。利用GCTS双向动三轴测试系统实现对初始剪应力和相位差的控制,研究了饱和砂土动剪切模量和阻尼比的变化规律。结果表明:在一定范围内,随着初始剪应力和相位差的增大,土体趋向于更稳定的状态,变形幅值减小,最大动剪切模量增大,最大增幅达125%;初始剪应力对阻尼比有放大效应,但相位差对其影响较为复杂;两者的耦合作用对最大动剪切模量的影响是比较显著的,根据试验结果得到了该条件下的最大动剪切模量经验预测公式。     

泥石流应力本构关系

利用作者在专门研制的仪器上进行两相体流变试验所获得的数据，进行了两相体应力本构关系的分析.两相体受剪时的应力是它的液相应力和颗粒应力之和，同时还存在着相间的相互影响.由张量分析结果，本构关系式可采用切变率二次多项式的形式.多项式中的每一项对应着不同的作用机制：切变率的零次项反映颗粒间的接触挤压作用和液相的屈服强度；一次项反映颗粒间的摩擦滑动和液相的粘滞应力；二次项反映颗粒的惯性碰撞作用和液相的雷诺应力.用相关分析建立了每一项的系数与两相体特性间的关系.每一项的颗粒切/法应力比具有不同的数值，其中二次项的应力比较小，数值与Bagnold的颗粒惯性区的值相近，零次项和一次项的比值较大，与宏观粘性区的值相近.在相当于自然界泥石流运动的颗粒特性和切变率条件下，颗粒的碰撞应力可不予考虑，可用具有屈服值的直线方程来表示.     

浮体的非线性辐射效应

本文在空间上应用面源法，在时间域上应用步进法，研究了浮体的非线性辐射效应，本文探讨了：（1）不同形式的辐射条件对非线性辐射问题解的影响；（2）不同距离的辐射面对开边界条件的使用所产生的影响；（3）大振幅的浮体受近运动所产和的非线性效应。