7075高强度铝合金多级时效处理及微观组织分析

以7075系高强度铝合金挤压材为研究对象,对比合金的力学性能(强度、韧性、断裂韧性)、微观组织,并重点研究了其固溶处理后的双级时效热处理工艺.结果表明,7075挤压材采用适宜的双级时效热处理工艺后具有良好的综合性能,其抗剥落腐蚀性能优于T6单级人工时效状态的性能,在保证强度满足设计要求的前提下,提高了7075型材的抗应力腐蚀性能.     

低频电磁铸造Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金微观组织与性能

采用拉伸性能及电导率测试、透射电镜观察、低应变拉伸试验等手段 ,研究了不同时效工艺对低频电磁铸造Al Zn Mg Cu合金组织和性能的影响。发现合金的T6态峰值时效制度为 12 0℃× 4 8h ,T6处理可使合金强度达到峰值 ,但抗应力腐蚀性能差 ;T73处理后合金强度下降了 5 %～ 6 % ,抗应力腐蚀性能大幅度提高 ;而RRA时效 (回归再时效 )处理基本保持了T6态的强度 ,且抗应力腐蚀性能接近T73态。微观组织分析表明 ,不同时效制度下合金性能的差异主要是由晶内和晶界析出相的大小、形貌及其分布状态决定的。T73和RRA时效处理改善了合金晶界特性 ,有助于阻止氢脆、减缓晶界阳极溶解速度 ,提高合金的抗应力腐蚀能力     

一种7055型铝合金的RRA处理

通过时效曲线测定和慢应变拉伸实验以及透射电镜观察,研究了不同热处理制度对一种7055型铝合金拉伸性能,时效组织和抗应力腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,实验合金采用RRA处理,可使晶内保持类似于T6状态的显微结构,同时使晶界析出物的大小和分布特征与过时效状态相当,从而可使强度达到T6峰值状态的水平,抗应力腐蚀性能则优于T6状态,RRA处理改善抗应力腐蚀性能的原因可能与粗大,孤立分布的晶界析出物有助于阻止氢脆以及缩小界内和晶界电化学差异有关。     

热机械处理对7075铝合金组织及抗应力腐蚀性能的影响

通过力学性能、电导率、慢应变速率拉伸试验、透射电镜及扫描电镜分析,研究了新型热机械处理对7075铝合金力学性能、抗应力腐蚀性能及显微组织的影响。结果表明:T6态合金晶内析出相细小但有粗大相存在,晶界析出相连续,具有较高的强度但塑性欠佳,抗应力腐蚀性最差;回归再时效(RRA)状态下,晶内析出相相对细小弥散,晶界析出相尺寸、间距大,具有较高的强度和抗应力腐蚀性能,塑性相对T6态有所改善;回归冷轧再时效(RRCA)态合金形变处理后产生大量位错,位错析出相及位错强化相互作用,使合金强度增大但塑性降低,晶界析出相仍为断续态,抗应力腐蚀性较好;回归热轧再时效(RRWA)工艺具有良好的综合力学性能,且抗应力腐蚀性能良好,I_(SSRT)=0.22。     

热处理对7085铝合金应力腐蚀开裂、断裂韧性和强度的影响

采用慢应变速率拉伸应力腐蚀测试、Kahn撕裂实验和室温拉伸实验结合透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜,研究热处理对7085铝合金应力腐蚀开裂、断裂韧性和强度的影响。结果表明：与T6时效相比,经T74时效处理的合金的断裂韧性提高22．9％,但屈服强度降低13．6％;经回归再时效（RRA）处理的合金屈服强度与T6的相当,断裂韧性提高14．2％。经两次回归再时效（DRRA）处理的合金断裂韧性与T74处理的相当,但屈服强度提高14．6％。合金的应力腐蚀开裂抗力依次为：T6〈RRA〈DRRA≈T74。热处理对合金应力腐蚀开裂和断裂韧性的影响主要与基体析出相和晶界析出相有关。     

焊后时效处理对7020铝合金应力腐蚀倾向影响

7020铝合金焊接接头常常因应力腐蚀而开裂。针对上述问题，本文将采用自然时效、单级时效、双级过时效、回归再时效等焊后热处理工艺处理相同焊接工艺试样。通过对经不同后处理的试样进行表面微观形貌和微观结构分析、慢应变速率拉伸应力腐蚀试验及断口分析，研究不同焊后时效处理对7020焊接接头抗应力腐蚀开裂性能的影响。结果表明，回归再时效后的试样气孔数量减少，无沉淀析出带宽化，晶界析出物消失，晶内析出物细化从而展现出最低的应力腐蚀倾向。     

时效制度对AA6156铝合金拉伸性能和断裂韧性的影响

研究了AA6156铝合金在不同时效状态下的拉伸性能和平面应力断裂韧性。结果表明：AA6156合金薄板在自然时效态下断裂韧性最好,但强度偏低;在190 ℃单级峰时效和175 ℃/6 h+190 ℃/13 h双级过时效态下强度较好,但断裂韧性偏低;而在175 ℃/2 h+200 ℃/0.5 h双级时效态下达到较理想的强韧性匹配。由透射电镜和扫描电镜观察其微观组织及断口形貌得出：双级时效时,第一级预时效处理能增大GP区的析出数量,从而在后续第二级时效时极大地促进β″相更密集、更均匀地析出。时效制度对AA6156合金断裂韧性的影响主要取决于晶内析出相β″,而受晶界微观组织结构的影响较小     

高温预析出对Al-Zn-Mg铝合金组织、力学性能和应力腐蚀性能的影响

研究了近固溶度高温预析出工艺对抗应力腐蚀性能较差的中强可焊7A52和仿7039合金的组织、时效硬化和应力腐蚀性能的影响.显微组织观察、力学性能分析及应力腐蚀性能测试结果表明:近固溶度高温预析出处理可使合金在晶界形成不连续的析出相;在保持合金强度、塑性的同时,预析出可提高抗应力腐蚀性能,但预析出温度过低,合金强度呈下降趋势;固溶后于400℃预析出处理在峰值时效状态下可使7A52铝合金强度和抗应力腐蚀性能得到最佳组合,抗应力腐蚀性能达到三级时效后的效果.     

温轧细化亚晶7475铝合金板材的力学性能

研究了温轧下过渡元素对7475铝合金板材晶粒细化的影响。经350℃温轧、480℃固溶热处理后,用Zr代替Cr的7475铝合金具有稳定亚晶超细组织;平均亚晶直径接近3μm。结果表明,溶液中的Zr能稳定亚晶是因为温轧中析出了细小的Al3Zr粒子;另一方面,含Cr粒子化合物在温轧之前析出,并且在温轧过程中会变粗大。与传统冷轧7475铝合金板材相比,温轧细化亚晶板材具有独特的性能。固溶处理后的温轧板材,在厚度截面的亚晶组织具有高比例小于150的小角度晶界;温轧T6态合金板材的强度高于传统7475铝合金板材强度10％。温轧铝合金板材最显著的特点是,在与轧制方向呈45°时高Lankford（r）值为3．5,而其平均Lankford（r）值为2．2。高Lankford（r）值有利于组织演变为β-fiber织构,特别是强{011}（211）黄铜部分。同时,温轧板材也具有高的抗应力腐蚀开裂性能（SCC）。根据Kikuchi线和透射电镜分析,温轧T6板材形成的小角度晶界导致无沉淀析出带（PFZs）难以形成,这是导致抗应力腐蚀开裂性能提高的重要因素,其原因是晶界和晶内的电化学性能存在差异。     

时效处理对7050T451合金组织及性能的影响

采用室温拉伸和断裂韧性测试方法,借助扫描电镜、透射电镜等设备,研究时效处理对7050T451铝合金性能的影响及材料微观组织形貌演变。结果表明,160℃时效时,随着时效时间的增加,晶界析出的粗大η相增多,晶界无析出带变宽,7050T451铝合金晶粒内部弥散分布的细小η′相密度增加,成为主要强化相,材料强度提高,延伸率下降;7050T451晶界析出相体积分数随时效时间增加,降低材料断裂韧性;晶粒内残留位错处易析出粗大η相,但数量较少,对材料性能无明显影响。     

高强度Al-Cu-Mg-Si合金的双级时效与应力腐蚀行为

<正> 目前关于铝合金的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)的研究较多地集中在Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系超硬铝的热处理工艺和电化学腐蚀机理等方面,对于锻铝合金的应力腐蚀研究得较少。Al-Mg-Si系低强度锻铝合金(如LD2)产生晶间腐蚀,不产生应力腐蚀。Al-Cu-Mg-Si系高强度锻铝合金有较强的应力腐蚀倾向,国外有少量报导,国内曾出现这类合金的应力腐蚀破坏。研究这类锻铝合金显微组织特征与应力腐蚀开裂机制间关系,有利于全面阐明铝合金应力腐蚀的理论。     

Microstructure and properties of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy pre-stretched plate under various ageing conditions

The microstructures after various ageing treatments and their relation to the strength, fracture toughness, and corrosion behavior of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy pre-stretched plate were investigated. The results show that retrogression and reaging (RRA) treatment led to a combina- tion of high strength and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of the alloy. The TEM microstructure of the RRA-treated alloy is a dis- tribution of very fine precipitates in the aluminum matrix grains, similar to that obtained under T6 condition, and the distribution of coarse η MgZn2 precipitates on the grain boundaries similar to that obtained by T7 temper. SEM observations revealed that most of the intergranular fracture characteristics were present on the fracture surface of both the T6 and RRA-treated specimens. On the contrary, the fractographs of the T7 treated specimens mainly consisted of dimple-type ductile transgranular fracture with minor intergranular cracking.     

高温预析出对7XXX系列铝合金力学性能和应力腐蚀性能的影响

将7055和7A52铝合金采用高温预析出并进行不同的人工时效处理，再对各种处理态下试样的显微组织、拉伸性能、电阻率、硬度、抗应力腐蚀性能等进行了系统研究。结果表明，固溶高温预析出可提高后续时效状态下晶界析出相不连续分布的程度，在保持高强度和高塑性的同时，可以改善合金的应力腐蚀抗力。     

The stress corrosion cracking behaviour of heat‐treated Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy in modified salt spray fog testing

The stress corrosion cracking behaviour of 7075 (Al–Zn–Mg–Cu) alloy have been studied in a salt spray fog chamber with two vapourised aqueous solutions (0 and 5% NaCl). The paper analyses the stress corrosion resistance of 7075 aluminium alloy with several precipitation‐ageing heat treatments. The results are compared with that obtained in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution at 20 °C. The salt spray fog testing has permitted a good evaluation of SCC susceptibility in 7075 alloy. All temper conditions studied were susceptible to SCC in the different environments tested. 7075‐T6 temper was the most susceptible, while in all the cases studied 7075‐T73 temper was the least susceptible. Compared to 7075‐T6, 7075‐RRA temper improved the resistance against the SCC process, but the mechanical properties obtained were lower.     

IncoMAPAl—9052合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀行为

采用双悬臂梁试样,实验研究了IncoMAP Al-9052合金在3.5％NaCl溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为。结果表明该种合金的裂纹扩展机制有别于常规的铝合金。其初期阶段的裂纹扩展过程可划分为三个阶段,在每一阶段的裂纹扩展机制可能是不同的,但其裂纹扩展的主要机制为氢脆。     

Effect of Overaging on Fatigue Crack Propagation and Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviors of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy Thick Plate

The fatigue property as well as stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy thick plate in peak-aged and overaged tempers (T7351 and T7651) is systematically investigated by fatigue crack propagation (FCP) test and slow strain rate test (SSRT). Microstructural characterization is examined by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results reveal that the T7351 alloy has lower strength but higher electrical conductivity as compared to T7651 alloy. The FCP resistance of T7351 alloy is superior to that of the T7651 alloy due to the coarser precipitates in the highly overaged alloy in which the strain localization is reduced by promoting homogeneous slip. In addition, the SSRT test suggests a higher SCC resistance in T7351 alloy. The enhanced SCC resistance is found to depend on grain boundary precipitate characteristics and crack propagation resistance of the alloys.     

一种新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金的析出行为及性能(英文)

对一种新型高强Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金在单级时效过程中的硬度、强度、电导率变化及相应的析出行为进行系统的研究。结果表明,电导率随着时效温度的升高和时效时间的延长而不断增高。在时效开始阶段,硬度和强度随着时效的进行迅速升高并达到峰值。在120°C时效时,硬度和强度到达峰值后保持稳定,主要的析出相是GPI区、GPII区和η′相。在120°C长时间(直至24h)时效后,GPI区和GPII区仍能稳定存在。在160°C时效时,硬度和强度到达峰值后迅速下降。与120°C时效相比,在160°C时效时,析出过程更快。在160°C时效1h后,未观察到GPI区及GPII区的存在,主要的析出相为η′相。在160°C时效24h后,主要的析出相为η相。     

CEMS、AES和XPS研究361钢中Mo在抗高温高压水应力腐蚀中的作用

用内转换电子穆斯堡尔谱(CEMS)、俄歇电子能谱(AES)和X-光电子能谱(XPS)研究比较了316和321两种奥氏体不锈钢在含Cl~-2000ppm,含O_28～9ppm高温水中应力腐蚀开裂前后的氧化膜结构及其元素分布,发现合金氧化膜层组成和结构与其抗应力腐蚀性间有一定的对应关系。合金元素Mo在一定条件下与介质作用形成Fe_2(MoO_4)_3相。Mo能控制铁的氧化物相,降低Cr的过钝化溶解速率以及抑制Cl-向膜穿透,起着延长应力腐蚀孕育期的作用。所得结果为阐明含Mo的316钢较不含Mo的321钢有较高的抗应力腐蚀性、以及两者有不同的SCC断口形貌提洪论据。文中还根据合金热力学的作用进一步作了讨论。     

Gefügeabhängigkeit des Spannungsrißkorrosionsverhaltens an handelsüblicher Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Legierung

Microstructural dependence of stress-corrosion cracking behaviour in commercial Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy (AA 7075) The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviour of commercial Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy (AA 7075) has been investigated by measuring the relative fracture energy under constant strain rate as a function of microstructural parameters such as precipitate free zone (pfz) width, precipitate (ppt) size in the grain boundaries (gbs) and coherency of ppts in the grain. The SCC specimens were so aged that a given variation in one feature could be produced nearly without a concomitant change in the other variables. The respectively obtained change in microstructural variables was identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). SCC tests were conducted in an aqueous 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution of pH = 1 at the temperature of 30°C with an applied corrosion potential of the specimen. It is suggested from the present experimental results that the effect of coherency of ppts in the grain on the resistance to SCC is stronger than the influence of ppt size in the gbs, while pfz width scarcely influences any resistance to SCC. The effects of ageing stages on the SCC behaviour have been discussed in terms of change in slip mechanism due to the interaction between the dislocations and the ppts in the grain.     

Sn-Induced Modification of the Precipitation Pathways upon High-Temperature Ageing in an Al-Mg-Si AlloyEI北大核心CSCD

The 6xxx series aluminum alloys (Al-Mg-Si(-Cu) alloys) are widely used for the industrial applications in the lightweight construction, automotive and architecture because of their light weight, medium to high strength, excellent formability and good corrosion resistance. It has been reported that trace Sn addition can accelerate ageing kinetics and increase peak hardness of Al-Mg-Si alloys when ageing at high temperatures (> 210 degrees C). However, the mechanism about it has not been investigated comprehensively yet. For Mg-excess Al-Mg-Si alloys, when aged at 250 degrees C, the alloys are hardened by the beta'-precipitates. While after applying natural ageing prior to artificial ageing, the beta '-precipitates will be formed, with the percentage of which increasing with natural ageing time, and eventually become the main hardening precipitates. In this work, the effect of Sn on natural ageing and subsequent artificial ageing at 250 degrees C in a Mg-rich Al-Mg-Si alloy was investigated by Vickers microhardness measurements and TEM. The results show that adding a small amount (0.2%, mass fraction) of Sn in the Mg-rich Al-Mg-Si alloy can modify the precipitation pathways upon 250 degrees C-ageing: when the alloy is directly artificially aged, the beta '-precipitates are dominant, whereas when the alloy is subjected to " natural ageing+artificial ageing" treatment, upon prolonged natural ageing time, the percentage of beta '-precipitates would not increase but decrease and that of beta'-precipitates would not decrease but increase, but ultimately the beta '-precipitates are still dominant over the beta'-precipitates. The Sn-induced modification of the precipitation pathways can significantly en-hance the age-hardening potential of the alloy upon high-temperature artificial ageing. The addition of Sn increases the effective Si-concentration in the matrix, and consequently changes the precipitation pathways in the Sn-free alloy, which is different from the explanation proposed in literatures.