水体富营养化的发生危害及防治

富营养化沿用湖泊分类与演化的概念。营养化是水体衰老的一种表现,它意味着,水体中营养物含量增加,导致水生物的大量繁殖。如使藻类的种数逐渐减少,而个体数刚迅速增加,由于藻类过程的呼吸作用,以及死亡藻类的分解作用都要消耗氧气,使水体在一定时间内严重缺氧,导致水生物因缺氧而死亡。这一过程称之为水体富营养化。     

水体富营养化的发生危害及防治

富营养化沿用湖泊分类与演化的概念.营养化是水体衰老的一种表现,它意味着,水体中营养物含量增加,导致水生物的大量繁殖.如使藻类的种数逐渐减少,而个体数刚迅速增加,由于藻类过程的呼吸作用,以及死亡藻类的分解作用都要消耗氧气,使水体在一定时间内严重缺氧,导致水生物因缺氧而死亡.这一过程称之为水体富营养化.     

南京固城湖藻类潜在生产力试验研究

本文针对南京固城湖的实际情况,进行藻类潜在生产力(AGP)的室内试验研究,探索藻类生长与营养盐之间的关系,标定湖泊富营养化数学模型中的吸收常数和建立湖泊富营养化简单的预测方法。     

除藻与控藻技术

对我国富营养化湖泊藻类的去除和控制技术进行了简要的阐述,针对目前使用的除藻与控藻方法,提出了适合我国富营养化湖泊藻类控制的可行方法。物理法和化学法是除藻技术的直接手段,而生物法是通过生物对藻类的控制来达到控藻的目的。     

湖泊藻类对城市饮用水的影响及处理措施

目前，我国大部分城市的地表水尤其是湖泊、水库水呈现富营养化的状态，而富营养化水体中相对丰富的氮、磷在夏秋季会造成藻类的疯长。近几年来，寿县城区水源水藻类含量不断增高，给自来水的工艺处理带来困难，而且部分藻类在生长过程中会产生对人体具有毒害作用的微囊毒素。富营养化及藻类成为保证水质的主要问题。     

生物修复技术在湖泊富营养治理中的应用

利用生物修复技术原理，通过藻类营养阻隔，促进富营养化湖泊藻类死亡；通过湖泊人工增氧造流、底泥生物氧化技术、藻类微营养调节，强化水体和底泥好氧微生物生长，促进死亡藻类分解，降低水体藻类数量，提高水体藻类多样性指数，恢复水体生态平衡。利用该技术成功治理了上海静安公园、南京总统府公园等城市湖泊富营养化。实践证明，藻类营养阻隔技术和其他生物修复技术，操作简单，效果显著，既可作为独立的技术单元用于城市水景的应急处理，也可和生物操纵技术、人工湿地、水生植被恢复等结合起来，应用于湖泊富营养化治理，达到标本兼治的目的。     

洪泽湖、骆马湖富营养化评价及“水华”发生风险等级评估

根据洪泽湖、骆马湖水域的藻类监测和富营养化评价,掌握湖泊富营养化状况,探讨湖泊"水华"发生的风险等级及评估方法。     

水文气象因子对藻华爆发的影响

水文过程与气象因子在湖泊富营养化及藻华爆发的过程中起着决定性的作用.研究了温度、光照、水动力等水文、气象条件对藻类生长的影响,从而找出控制藻类生长的关键因素和相关参数.     

富营养化湖泊生态恢复关键技术

湖泊富营养化已经成为一个日趋严重的全球性环境问题,引起了社会各界的广泛关注与重视。目前,富营养化湖泊生态系统恢复采用的技术主要有：底泥疏浚、引流冲污、人工曝气复氧、微生物修复技术、水生植被修复技术、生物操纵修复技术等。其中生物治理技术将在富营养化湖泊生态系统恢复中发挥重要的作用。     

湖北省湖泊污染现状及原因分析

湖北是千湖之省,近年随着经济社会的不断发展,湖泊生态健康日益恶化。分析了当前湖北省湖泊健康的总体情况。当前湖北省湖泊健康呈现出部分改善、总体恶化,反复治理、反复污染的特点,富营养化是湖泊健康恶化的主要表现形式。农业面源污染是湖泊污染的主因,工业生产的不达标排放加快了湖泊的富营养化,加上湖泊水体交换受阻,减弱湖泊自净能力,最终导致湖泊生态健康的恶化。湖泊与流域是一个密不可分的完整生态系统,对于湖泊生态系统的保护和管理必须要考虑生态系统的完整性和紧密联系。对湖泊及其源头发生过程及程度进行有效监测,及时掌握湖泊和流域状况及变化趋势,是湖泊水环境治理最为迫切的关键工作。     

Submerged macrophyte communities and the controlling factors in large,shallow Lake Taihu (China): Sediment distribution and water depth

Lake Taihu, the third largest lake in China, is subjected to severe eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms as a result of development and urbanization. In order to restore the degraded lake ecosystem, it is important to identify which environmental factors control the submerged macrophytes which declined during eutrophication. To characterize community structure of submerged macrophytes and to assess the plant–environmental relationships in Lake Taihu, a monthly investigation was conducted from May to October in 2010. A total of six species were recorded, dominated by Potamogeton malaianus and Vallisneria natans. Multivariate analysis showed that water depth, depth of soft sediments and nutrient variables (orthophosphate of water, organic matter of sediment, total nitrogen and total phosphorus of sediment) were the major factors determining growth and community composition of submerged macrophytes in the lake. A strong predictive association of soft-sediment depth and plant biomass indicated preference of submerged macrophytes for firm bottoms along the eastern shore and approximately 0.2 m could be regarded as an optimum depth for the growth of plants. The biomass of plants responded proportionately to water depth, and approximately 1.8 m could be regarded as the optimum depth for the growth of submerged macrophyte in Lake Taihu. Our results indicated that improvement of habitat and the selection of appropriate submerged macrophytes species are very important for ecological restoration in large eutrophic lakes. This study could provide useful information for managers and policy makers to evaluate and modify restoration practices in large, shallow lakes.     

淀山湖富营养化现状及生态修复措施分析

根据2008—2010年淀山湖水质监测数据,评价该湖富营养化趋势。结果显示,2008年后,淀山湖的富营养化程度呈改善趋势,但水体富营养化存在区域差异。主要表现在:①2008—2010年的整个湖区水体中主要的富营养化指标TN、TP、SS、Ch-la质量浓度均呈下降趋势;②淀山湖上游来水区水体中TN、TP质量浓度比下游出水区高,综合营养状态指数同样也高;③淀山湖每年夏季暴发蓝藻水华的水域面积在不断减小。结果表明,淀山湖东南区域富营养化程度最轻,水生植物对水体净化、生态系统恢复具有重要价值;淀山湖的生态系统在逐步恢复。为使生态系统能巩固并形成良性循环,一些影响因素亟待解决。     

Research progress of water eutrophication induced by climate changeEI北大核心CSCD

对大气CO₂浓度升高及气候变化诱发水体富营养化的驱动机制进行了综述。CO₂浓度升高促进浮游植物大量增殖;水温升高引起水体分层现象加剧,底层缺氧更加严重,沉积物营养盐释放加剧,促进浮游藻类的生长;降水变率、强降水发生的概率增加,会加剧土壤中氮的流失,导致水体营养盐浓度增加;太阳辐射减弱会导致水下光照减少,加速沉水植物的衰亡,促进浮游植物的生长,进一步恶化水下光照环境;风速降低会延长水体分层时间,提高水体稳定性,造成底层缺氧,加大沉积物营养盐的释放;台风等热带气旋引发的强风浪会促进水体中氮、磷等营养盐释放,有利于蓝藻细胞团增大,获得更大的浮力,带来的暴雨还会将周围营养盐携带入水体,促进藻类生长。以上这些气候变化主要特征还会相互作用,加大水体富营养化的发生风险,继而对整个水生生态系统产生一系列间接影响。指出了未来研究的重点:气候变化对水生生态系统的影响;气候变化主要特征之间系统相互作用的机理;内外源污染与气候变化对水体富营养化的贡献率;水生生态系统应对气候变化的对策等。     

Management criteria for lake ecosystems applied to case studies of changes in nutrient loading and climate change

The aim of this paper is twofold: to present and discuss practically useful management criteria from different perspectives of lake management (fishery, recreation, conservation, monitoring of water quality and use of water for irrigation and drinking), and to put these criteria into the context of a holistic lake ecosystem model, LakeWeb, which accounts for production, biomasses, predation and abiotic/biotic feedbacks related to nine key functional groups of organisms constituting the lake ecosystem. These are phytoplankton, benthic algae, macrophytes, bacterioplankton, herbivorous zooplankton, predatory zooplankton, zoobenthos, prey fish and predatory fish. The LakeWeb model also includes a mass‐balance model for phosphorus and calculates bio‐uptake and retention of phosphorus in these groups of organisms. It also includes submodels for the depth of the photic zone and lake temperature. The LakeWeb model is driven by few and readily accessible driving variables and it has been extensively tested and shown to capture fundamental lake foodweb interactions very well, which should lend credibility to the scenarios discussed in this paper regarding the conditions in Lake Batorino, Belarus. The LakeWeb model offers a tool to address important, often very complex, scientific problems in a realistic manner. The first scenario describes the changes after 1990 when there was a drastic reduction in the use of fertilizers in agriculture because of political changes and the corresponding changes in lake characteristics and foodweb structures utilizing the given management criteria. The second scenario describes, for comparative purposes, the probable alterations in the lake foodweb related to global climatic changes; in this case, warming and increased temperature variations. This study indicates that there are several similarities between eutrophication and increases in temperatures, which are discussed in this paper along with the mechanistic reasons related to such changes by using a set of general management criteria.     

东湖富营养化的模糊评价研究

采用模糊评价模型对湖北省武汉市东湖10个湖区的富营养化水平进行评价,评价对象与标准对象的相似程度采取海明距离进行处理。计算可知,东湖占42.6%面积的区域属中等营养水平,5.8%面积的区域为富营养化水平。评价结果表明,东湖10个湖区中有2个湖区是富营养化水平,4个是中等营养化水平。     

Analysis of black water aggregation in Taihu Lake

Black water aggregation (BWA) in Taihu Lake is a disaster for the lake environment. It is a phenomenon resulting from water environmental deterioration and eutrophication caused by accumulation of pollutants in the lake, according to research on the water quality, pollutants of BWA, and occurrence mechanisms of BWA. Dead algae are the material base of BWA, the polluted sediment is an important factor for the formation of BWA, and hydrological and meteorological conditions such as sun light, air temperature,...     

查干湖湿地富营养化变化趋势分析及其防治措施探讨

湿地被称为地球之"肾",在生态系统中具有重要不可替代的作用。总氮及总磷含量过高是导致水库、湖泊发生富营养化的主要因素,因此预防氮磷含量增高是减少湖泊富营养化发生的有效途径。作者通过对查干湖湿地近十年水质监测资料统计分析,找出氮磷含量的变化趋势以及湖泊富营养化变化趋势,针对氮磷含量过高原因,提出切实可行治理措施和建议,为有关政府决策部门提供了科学可靠依据。     

The ecological history of Lake Erie as recorded by the phytoplankton community

Lake Erie's water quality has fluctuated since European settlement due to cultural eutrophication and the effects of invasive species. Our attempts to understand the cause-and-effect linkages between observed ecosystem changes and various stressors are evolving. Non-indigenous species, pollutants, land-use and climate change that can alter a lake's physical and chemical environment can manifest rapid changes in community composition and abundance of phytoplankton. As such, for many decades researchers have used phytoplankton data from Lake Erie to track environmental changes. We provide a chronological account of previous and ongoing assessments of pelagic algae to summarize past and present environmental conditions of Lake Erie. This review necessarily focuses on diatom-based assessments as their preserved remains in sediments have been used to hind-cast human-induced impacts and recovery. Because of their uniqueness, this review summarizes where possible the long-term trends according to the western, central and eastern lake basins. Overall, this historical assessment summarizes a period of significant eutrophication throughout most of the 20th century, followed by water quality improvement due to nutrient reductions and establishment of filter-feeding dreissenids. Recent data suggest new issues associated with blooms of diatoms and blue-green algae. The challenges facing Lake Erie underline the need for continued monitoring and evaluation of historical records that will help us distinguish natural from anthropogenic changes, and to reveal the causes and extent of environmental insults in order to make management decisions.     

水动力条件对藻华的影响

水动力条件在湖泊富营养化及藻华爆发的过程中起着决定性的作用.研究了水动力条件对藻类生长的影响,从而找出控制藻类生长的关键因素和相关参数.对于防治藻华具有重要意义.