面向海量数据应用的物联网信息服务系统研究综述*

物联网信息服务系统整合了基础设施层获取的海量数据,是面向各类物联网应用提供跟踪、监测和控制等信息服务的关键平台。阐述了物联网海量数据处理技术,包括存储、预处理和数据挖掘;总结了物联网信息服务系统在系统安全、隐私保护和可信性方面的安全保障机制;从系统架构、实现技术和系统实践三个方面,探讨了物联网信息服务系统的设计。最后,展望了这一领域面临的挑战和有待进一步研究的方向。     

基于物联网的环境监控系统研究

本文提出了一种三级物联网精细化环境监控系统整体架构,该架构体系充分利用现有各级各类物联网应用系统现场设备感知数据,通过中间件提取有效信息,存入分布式数据库中,并对外提供统一的服务接口。文章重点介绍了为验证体系结构可行性而制作的原型系统,并剖析了串行网络转换为IP网络和基于WCF的数据操作服务两项重点关键技术。     

基于物联网的环境监控系统设计与实现

物联网作为互联网之后的信息技术革命,可全面应用于环境监测工作。笔者提出了一种三级物联网精细化环境监控系统整体架构。该架构体系实现了当前各种物联网应用系统现场设备感知数据的充分利用,可利用中间件获取有效信息,在分布式数据库中进行存储,并对外提供统一的服务接口。笔者着重介绍了为验证体系结构可行性而制作的原型系统,主要分析了串行网络转换为IP网络和基于WCF数据操作服务的两项关键技术。     

Cordova-NodeJS混合式物联网信息服务系统

针对传统物联网信息服务系统不能实现物联网终端汇聚节点和物联网应用服务器兼容，无法利用现有的互联网生态圈这两大问题，提出了一种新型Cordova-NodeJS混合式物联网信息服务系统。该系统由基于改进内核的Cordova框架构成的物联网终端汇聚节点和基于Node.js并配合最优点产生算法构成的物联网应用服务器所组成。结合所提出的混合式信息服务架构，该系统运行良好。实验仿真结果也表明，使用该系统架构的物联网信息服务系统相关数据指标较传统信息服务系统表现优异，接近于互联网信息服务系统数据指标，证明该系统具有研究价值。     

水文自动测报物联网系统及通信组网与服务

目前流域、省域级水文测报存在着数据收集分散,采集网络整合力度不够,采集手段缺乏相互关联,时间空间布局存在部分交叉和空白,对整个观测区域有效信息的捕捉和服务能力受限等问题。为此,提出并设计一种基于CPS(信息-物理融合系统)体系架构的水文自动测报物联网系统技术模式,并对水文自动测报物联网系统应用设计、复合通信体制(多种通信体制)联合组网、信息共享服务等关键技术提出解决方案。这种基于CPS物联网架构的水文测报技术模式和关键技术解决方案,具有"实时感知-物信互联-过程跟踪-智能处理"的核心特征,为提升水文测报的智能感知信息采集体系建设水平,以及提高信息共享服务能力,满足精细化业务管理及支撑水利智能应用要求提供先进有效的技术手段。     

多媒体物联网的关键技术研究

从物联网技术所面临的数据存储、网络带宽、数据处理等问题出发,归纳总结了多媒体信息应用于物联网的特点,分别从感知层、网络层和应用层三个方面,结合实际应用论述了多媒体物联网系统传感技术、传输技术和数据处理等关键技术。最后提出了多媒体物联网的发展趋势。     

云计算在物联网中的应用

现阶段,物联网正在大规模发展,其产生的数据量将会远远超过互联网的数据量,海量数据的存储与计算处理需要云计算技术。本文从云计算的基本概念、服务层次、关键技术及应用范围几个方面对云计算在物联网中的应用进行了探讨。     

论物联网技术在现代农业中的应用

农业具有对象多样、地域广阔、偏僻分散、通信条件落后等特点;因此在多数情况下,农业数据信息的获取非常困难。随着电子技术与物联网技术的发展,把物联网关键技术应用搭建在一个农业物联网智能化监控系统具有广阔的应用前景。阐述了农业物联网的概念和关键技术,总结了物联网技术在现代农业的初期应用和农业物联网发展展望。     

基于实体-数据的物联网服务建模

物联网服务作为信息世界软件服务通过物联网向现实世界的延伸,其在物联网系统具有重要的作用.然而,不同于传统Web服务,物联网服务具有现实感知、数据驱动、异构分布、时空相关等新特点,使得现有的服务模型不足以对物联网服务有效刻画,进而也不能满足物联网应用中的后续服务发现、服务卸载、服务组合等需求.在凝练分析物联网服务建模需求和已有物联网服务模型的基础上,提出了一种基于实体-数据的物联网服务建模框架,该框架提出了服务、实体、数据三元信息融合的物联网服务模型概念及概念关系,重点定义了服务、实体、数据的时空属性及时空依赖关系,以支持基于时空相关性的物联网服务关联表示与分析,并通过扩展OWL-S(ontology Web language for services)给出了基于实体-数据的物联网服务描述方式.最后,结合一个高速公路物联网应用案例对模型的使用方式和效果进行了讨论.     

物联网信息感知与交互技术研究与分析

为了全面认识物联网技术,对物联网信息感知与交互技术进行研究和分析。首先简单阐述了物联网技术说明,并从数据采集技术、数据筛选技术、数据压缩技术、数据交融技术以及数据汇集技术五个方面阐述了物联网信息感知技术;然后从网络和内容的交互、用户和内容的交互以及用户和网络的交互三个方面阐述了物联网信息交互技术;最后通过物联网信息技术在日常生活中的应用分析和物联网信息技术在军事领域的应用分析两个方面说明了物联网信息技术在现实生活中的应用。     

COLLECT: COLLaborativE ConText-aware service oriented architecture for intelligent decision-making in the Internet of Things

Internet of Things (IoT) has radically transformed the world; currently, every device can be connected to the Internet and provide valuable information for decision-making. In spite of the fast evolution of technologies accompanying the grow of IoT, we are still faced with the challenge of providing a service oriented architecture, which facilitates the inclusion of data coming together from several IoT devices, data delivery among a system's agents, real-time data processing and service provision to users. Furthermore, context-aware data processing and architectures still pose a challenge, in spite of being key requirements in order to get stronger IoT architectures. To face this challenge, we propose a COLLaborative ConText Aware Service Oriented Architecture (COLLECT), which facilitates both the integration of IoT heterogeneous domain context data — through the use of a light message broker — and easy data delivery among several agents and collaborative participants in the system — making use of an enterprise service bus —. In addition, this architecture provides real-time data processing thanks to the use of a complex event processing engine as well as services and intelligent decision-making procedures to users according to the needs of the domain in question. As a result, COLLECT has a great impact on context-aware decentralized and collaborative reasoning for IoT, promoting context-aware intelligent decision making in such scope. Since context-awareness is key for a wide range of recommender and intelligent systems, the presented novel solution improves decision making in a large number of fields where such systems require to promptly process a variety of ubiquitous collaborative and context-aware data.     

Security towards the edge: Sticky policy enforcement for networked smart objects

One of the hottest topics in the Internet of Things (IoT) domain relates to the ability of enabling computation and storage at the edges of the network. This is becoming a key feature in order to ensure the ability of managing in a scalable way service requests with low response times. This means being able to acquire, store, and process IoT-generated data closer to the data producers and data consumers. In this scenario, also security and privacy solutions must be applied in a capillary way at the edges of the network. In particular, a control on access to data generated by IoT devices is necessary for guaranteeing proper levels of security and privacy as well as for preventing violation attempts, while allowing data owners to monitor and control their information. In this paper, a sticky policy approach is proposed as a strategy for efficiently managing the access to IoT resources within an existing distributed middleware architecture. As demonstrated in the experimental evaluation, sticky policies represent a promising and efficient technique to increase the robustness (in a security perspective) of the IoT system.     

基于嵌入式及ASG技术的物联网节点捕获攻击检测系统

为精准检测攻击性节点所处位置,并对其实施定向化捕获处理,设计了基于嵌入式及ASG技术的物联网节点捕获攻击检测系统。通过数据报文捕获模块、数据报文解析模块、报文处理模块,优化由节点定义到节点实时处理的执行流程,根据攻击检测与定位模块运行情况,调试物联网节点对象,实现检测系统硬件设计。利用物联网主机所捕获到节点信息的加密、解密与秘钥管理结果,确定节点认证流程,完成嵌入式物联网防御机制的设计。按照ASG技术执行标准,收集蠕虫样本,并判断特征生成与分发处理指令的可行性,完成关键检测指令的制定,结合相关运行元件,实现基于嵌入式及ASG技术的物联网节点捕获攻击检测系统设计。实验结果表明,所设计系统对于攻击性节点位置信息的平均检测精准度高达96.7%,能够精准检测攻击性节点所处位置,增强攻击性信息样本的定向化捕获与处理能力。     

面向动车组高级修的工业物联网信息系统框架

物联网是信息系统及互联网向物理世界的延伸,其数据具有海量、高维和时空相关的特点.提出了面向动车组检修的工业物联网架构,分析了物联网技术在车间生产线和材料仓储配送情景下的应用模式.同时,针对物联网数据的特性,给出了它的数据仓库建模及多维数据统计分析方法.指出物联网为生产决策及监控提供关键支撑,从而起到改善生产组织和优化资源配置的作用.     

AUPS: An Open Source AUthenticated Publish/Subscribe system for the Internet of Things

The arising of the Internet of Things (IoT) is enabling new service provisioning paradigms, able to leverage heterogeneous devices and communication technologies. Efficient and secure communication mechanisms represent a key enabler for the wider adoption and diffusion of IoT systems. One of the most widely employed protocols in IoT and machine-to-machine communications is the Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT), a lightweight publish/subscribe messaging protocol designed for working with constrained devices. In MQTT messages are assigned to a specific topic to which users can subscribe. MQTT presents limited security support. In this paper we present a secure publish/subscribe system extending MQTT by means of a key management framework and a policy enforcement one. In this way the flow of information in MQTT-powered IoT systems can be flexibly controlled by means of flexible policies. The solution presented is released as open source under Apache v.2 license.     

Wearable IoT data stream traceability in a distributed health information system

With the soaring interest in the Internet of Things (IoT), some healthcare providers are facilitating remote care delivery through the use of wearable devices. These devices are employed for continuous streaming of personal medical data (e.g., vitals, medications, allergies, etc.) into healthcare information systems for the purposes of health monitoring and efficient diagnosis. However, a challenge from the perspective of the physicians is the inability to reliably determine which data belongs to who in real-time. This challenge emanates from the fact that healthcare facilities have numerous users who own multiple devices; thereby creating an N x M data source heterogeneity and complexities for the streaming process. As part of this research, we seek to streamline the process by proposing a wearable IoT data streaming architecture that offers traceability of data routes from the originating source to the health information system. To overcome the complexities of mapping and matching device data to users, we put forward an enhanced Petri Nets service model that aids with a transparent data trace route generation, tracking and the possible detection of medical data compromises. The results from several empirical evaluations conducted in a real-world wearable IoT ecosystem prove that: 1) the proposed system’s choice of Petri Net is best suited for linkability, unlinkability, and transparency of the medical IoT data traceability, 2) under peak load conditions, the IoT architecture exhibits high scalability, and 3) distributed health information system threats such as denial of service, man-in-the-middle, spoofing, and masking can be effectively detected.     

情景感知的物联网服务推荐方法研究

如何根据用户实时的情景高效地为其推荐最为合适的物联网服务,已经成为当前服务计算与物联网领域亟需解决的关键问题之一。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于情景感知的物联网服务推荐方法。首先基于改进的FolkRank算法生成当前用户可用的物联网服务列表;之后,依据用户当前关键的情景构建用户情景信息模型,根据用户的情景模型从服务列表中筛选出最能满足用户当前情景的物联网服务。实验结果表明,所提出的情景感知的物联网服务推荐方法是可行的与有效的。     

物联网动态带宽资源分配算法及其应用

在物联网环境中,网络需要传输的数据和信息量急剧增加,从而造成带宽不足。为此,提出一种采用动态带宽资源分配算法的物联网远程机械控制方案,通过改变控制信号的采样速率,达到优化分配带宽资源的目的。仿真结果表明,在相同网络带宽条件下,该方案可降低重构信号的误差,并有效提高物联网系统智能分配带宽资源的能力。     

基于区块链的物联网数据服务信誉评估模型

地质大数据共享与应用平台、专业移动大数据服务平台等现有集中式物联网数据服务平台多数存在缺乏信誉评估体系、用户隐私泄露、数据防篡改能力弱等安全性问题。为使用户能从海量物联网数据中精准快速地检索出高质量数据,设计并实现基于区块链的数据服务信誉评估模型。利用层次分析法进行信誉评估指标权重计算,采用智能合约和星际文件系统实现物联网数据的存储、验证、保护和共享,通过区块链和Redis缓存技术完成物联网数据和信誉数据的安全快速存取,同时使用环签名技术保证评价真实性并隐藏用户个人信息。测试结果表明,该模型具有去中心化、可信、安全高效和不可篡改的特性,能够满足物联网数据服务平台的信誉评估需求。