氢基质膜生物膜反应器去除饮用水中氧化性物质研究进展

介绍了氢基质中空纤维膜生物膜反应器去除饮用水中氧化性物质的机理及国内外研究现状。膜生物膜反应器采用中空纤维膜,利用氢气作为电子供体来还原水中氧化性物质(如硝酸盐、砷酸盐、高氯酸盐、溴酸盐和硒酸盐等)。氢基质膜生物膜反应器具有氢气利用率高、操作方便、占地面积小、剩余污泥量少、膜污染小等优点,相对传统污水生物处理是一种新型的水处理技术,因此具有良好的应用前景。     

氢基质生物膜反应器在饮用水处理中的研究进展

该文对氢基质生物膜反应器(MBf R)的作用机理、特性以及对饮用水中氧化性污染物的去除可行性进行了论述,并对国内外利用该技术去除饮用水中常见氧化性污染物(如:重金属离子:重铬酸盐、砷酸盐、硒酸盐等;无机阴离子:硝酸盐、溴酸盐、高氯酸盐;卤代有机化合物:对氯硝基苯、三氯乙烷、三氯乙烯、氯仿)的研究现状进行了总结。最后指出了MBf R研究中存在的问题以及在工程应用上的现状和发展前景。     

一体式平板膜-生物反应器处理水中污染物研究

研究了一体式平板膜-生物反应器对水中污染物的去除效果。试验结果表明：系统对COD、NH3-N、TN、阴离子表面活性剂（LAS）均有很好的处理效果。其中生物降解起主要去除作用,平板膜对污染物的进一步去除、稳定出水水质起到了重要的作用。     

负荷对膜曝气生物反应器去除有机物和硝化的影响

讨论了在模拟生活废水的浓度阶段性变化的情况下,有机物负荷以及氮负荷对膜曝气生物反应器的有机物去除和硝化的影响。结果表明,TOC负荷和TN负荷分别从6.6 g/(m2.d)和3.2 g/(m2.d)到26g/(m2.d)和5.8g/(m2.d)变化,碳氮质量比从2.1到4.6变化时,得到94%～97%的TOC去除率。碳氮质量比从2.1到3.7变化时,硝化率约为90%;当碳氮质量比增加到4.6时,硝化率降到81%。在第一阶段,碳氮质量比为2.85,TN负荷从2.5到9.5 g/(m2.d)变化时,TOC去除率为95%。最大硝化速率和硝化率分别为7.5 g/(m2.d)和90%。和传统的生物膜比较,用膜曝气生物反应器处理废水,可同时提高有机物去除速率和硝化速率。     

氢基质生物膜反应器去除含氯有机污染物的研究进展

水体中的含氯有机污染物具有含量低、稳定存在难降解的特征,对环境造成污染且对人体健康产生危害。将无泡曝气和生物膜技术结合起来诞生的新型水处理技术—氢基质生物膜反应器（H2-MBfR）,相比于传统工艺在去除含氯有机污染物方面表现出良好的处理效果。本文主要针对H2-MBfR去除主要含氯有机化污染物的去除效果、降解途径和优势微生物菌群做出阐述,并针对目前研究的不足对氢基质生物膜反应器去除含氯有机污染物提出新的发展前景。     

生物反应器-中空纤维膜处理医院污水

生物反应器-中空纤维膜处理医院污水试验表明,该工艺在技术上可行,处理效率高,操作管理方便。对COD、NH3-N、大肠杆菌的去除率均达90％以上,出水水质良好、稳定。增设粗分离器后,对延长膜清洗周期、提高膜通量效果明显。     

膜生物反应器中厌氧氨氧化的启动研究

为探究膜生物反应器(MBR)进行厌氧氨氧化的可行性及性能,通过逐渐提高进水NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N的含量和降低HRT,成功启动了自流出水式MBR厌氧氨氧化过程,分析了反应器脱氮效果和厌氧氨氧化污泥特性,并采用扫描电镜和X射线光电子能谱中空纤维膜表面进行分析。结果表明,经过60 d的启动,NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N和TN的去除率分别达到96.22%、99.91%和81.66%,TN去除负荷最大可达到330 g/(m~3·d)。在启动过程中,污泥颜色逐渐变为红褐色;中空纤维膜表面厌氧氨氧化菌呈不规则的椭球状,结构紧凑;MBR运行稳定阶段末期中空纤维膜表面C、N和Ca特征峰增多,是膜污染化学组分的主要构成元素。     

复合-膜生物流化床的污染物去除特性研究

将普通膜生物反应器、生物流化床与生物接触氧化工艺有机集成,形成复合膜生物流化床工艺,以此处理城市污水.考察了系统的污粢物去除效果及不同位置填料对污染物去除特性的影响.结果表明,系统对COD、NH4+-N和总氮有良好的处理效果,平均去除率分别为96.8%、96.3%和71.6%;对总磷的去除,随运行历程的延长效果降低,平均去除率仅为46.8%;填料的添加提高了系统总氮去除能力.由于缺氧区下部的填料有充足的碳源和更好的缺氧环境,因此填料位于缺氧区下部时系统处理效果更好.     

无泡式中空纤维膜生物反应器研究与应用现状

无泡式中空纤维膜生物反应器(Membrane-aerated biofilm reactor,MABR)有效地将生物膜法污水处理技术和膜分离技术结合在一起,其具有无泡曝气和硝化反硝化一体的优点。回顾了MABR的发展历程,分析了MABR的基本结构和原理,介绍了MABR常用的膜材料及氧传质系数模型,阐述了MABR的影响因素,综述了国内外MABR的研究与应用现状,指出了MABR需要解决的问题并展望了该技术的未来发展。     

A robust mixed‐conducting multichannel hollow fiber membrane reactor

To accelerate the commercial application of mixed‐conducting membrane reactor for catalytic reaction processes, a robust mixed‐conducting multichannel hollow fiber (MCMHF) membrane reactor was constructed and characterized in this work. The MCMHF membrane based on reduction‐tolerant and CO₂‐stable SrFe_0.8Nb_0.2O_3‐δ (SFN) oxide not only possesses a good mechanical strength but also has a high oxygen permeation flux under air/He gradient, which is about four times that of SFN disk membrane. When partial oxidation of methane (POM) was performed in the MCMHF membrane reactor, excellent reaction performance (oxygen flux of 19.2 mL min^?1 cm^?2, hydrogen production rate of 54.7 mL min^?1 cm^?2, methane conversion of 94.6% and the CO selectivity of 99%) was achieved at 1173 K. And also, the MCMHF membrane reactor for POM reaction was operated stably for 120 h without obvious degradation of reaction performance. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 2592–2599, 2015     

A novel inorganic hollow fiber membrane reactor for catalytic dehydrogenation of propane

A novel inorganic hollow fiber membrane reactor (iHFMR) has been developed and applied to the catalytic dehydrogenation of propane to propene. Alumina hollow fiber substrates, prepared by a phase inversion/sintering method, possess a unique asymmetric structure that can be characterized by a very porous inner surface from which finger-like voids extend across ∼80% of the fiber cross-section with the remaining 20% consisting of a denser sponge-like outer layer. In contrast to other existing Pd/Ag composite membranes, where an intermediate γ-Al₂O₃ layer is often used to bridge the Pd/Ag layer and the substrate, the Pd/Ag composite membrane prepared in this study was achieved by coating the Pd/Ag layer directly onto the outer surface of the asymmetric substrate. After depositing submicron-sized Pt (0.5 wt %)/γ-alumina catalysts in the finger-like voids of the substrates, a highly compact multifunctional iHFMR was developed. Propane conversion as high as 42% was achieved at the initial stage of the reaction at 723 K. In addition, the space-time yields of the iHFMR were ∼60 times higher than that of a fixed bed reactor, demonstrating advantages of using iHFMR for dehydrogenation reactions. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

Design of metallic nickel hollow fiber membrane modules for pure hydrogen separation

Cost‐effective and robust nickel (Ni) membrane for H₂ separation is a promising technology to upgrade the conventional H₂ industries with improved economics and environmental benignity. In this work, Ni hollow fibers (HFs) with one closed end were fabricated and assembled into a membrane module for pure H₂ separation by applying vacuum to the permeate side. The separation behavior of the HF module was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. Results indicate that H₂ recovery can be improved significantly by changing the operation conditions (temperature or feed pressure). Ni HF is a promising membrane geometry, but the negative effect of pressure drop when H₂ passes through the lumen cannot be ignored. Under the vacuum operation mode, there is little difference in term of H₂ recovery efficiency whether the feed gas flow is controlled in countercurrent or recurrent operation. This work provides important insight to the development of superior membrane H₂ separation system. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 3662–3670, 2018     

膜反应器包衣酶法水解橄榄油的研究

在聚丙烯腈中空纤维膜反应器油-水两相体系中,使用表面活性剂包衣酶催化水解橄榄油。含有橄榄油和包衣酶的油相(有机相)在中空纤维膜管束内循环流动,而在纤维膜管束外则是水相循环。实验表明橄榄油和油酸的截留率分别为91％和82％,包衣酶全部截留在管束内。在30℃、橄榄油浓度为0.62 mol/L时,包衣酶催化底物转化率为60％,是相应脂肪酶催化转化率的2倍。     

中空纤维渗透汽化膜分离研究现状与展望

本文综述了中空纤维渗透汽化膜分离的研究进展,包括中空纤维支撑膜的制备、复合膜的制备方法、中空纤维渗透汽化膜的工业应用和中空纤维渗透汽化膜传质特性等几个方面,对这个方面所存在的问题以及今后发展方向进行了展望.     

水蒸气在中空纤维复合膜中渗透的微分阻力模型

建立了水蒸气在中空纤维复合膜中渗透的微分阻力模型,用实验验证了模型的可靠性。采用该模型估算出中空纤维膜的结构参数,研究了水蒸气在各层膜中的阻力,并以H2O/C2H2系统为例,考察了膜的结构参数对H2O/C2H2选择性的影响。