混合菌群与单菌株微生物燃料电池产电性能初步研究

以厌氧污泥为原始菌群来源构建混茼微生物燃料电池．840h后．最大功率密度达到1900mW·m^-1。从该电池阳极分离纯化出一株产电菌,细胞形态为球形．生长特性为兼性厌氧,经鉴定属于葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus）,命名为StaphylococcusNJUST—1。以StaphylococcusN-IUS-1。为微生物构建单菌微生物燃料电池．稳定后最大功率密度达到520mw·m^-2,比混菌电池要低许多,同时极化曲线显示．电流密度达到0．18mA·cm^-2后,电压开始快速下降．表明在较大电流下NJUST—1产电受到阻碍。NJUST-1代谢1．0g·L^-1葡萄糖5～10h内。外路电压维持在较高水平;葡萄糖浓度降低到0．1g·L^-1时．电压明显下降;葡萄糖浓度接近0后．仍能检测到电压。     

微生物燃料电池阴极系统的研究进展

微生物燃料电池,简称MFCs,其阴极系统通常由电极材料、催化剂、电子受体和阴极室等组成。MFCs阴极是电子受体进行还原反应的场所,是影响MFCs性能的重要因素,决定了反应器的经济性和持久性。文章根据MFCs阴极系统的构造,综述了阴极的材料、催化剂、电子受体以及构型在国内外的最新研究进展,指出了当前MFCs阴极设计存在的问题和今后MFCs研究努力的方向。     

微生物燃料电池同步硝化反硝化脱氮产电研究

构建了三室双阴极MFC系统,对系统同步硝化反硝化脱氮产电性能进行了研究,考察了进水COD、NO-3-N和NH+4-N浓度对系统脱氮产电性能的影响。结果表明,该MFC系统对COD和NH+4-N具有良好的去除效果,去除率分别高达98%和95%以上,反硝化和产电能力受进水COD、NO-3-N和NH+4-N初始浓度的影响较大,NO-3-N最大去除率73.6%,厌氧阳极、缺氧阴极和好氧阴极的最大功率密度分别达到1.88,0.74 W/m3和0.59 W/m3,阳极和缺氧阴极的最大库伦效率分别只有27.6%和63%,说明有其他非电化学反应过程的存在。实验结果也表明好氧阴极和缺氧阴极之间存在着对电子的竞争作用,NH+4和电极之间存在着对O2的竞争。     

微生物燃料电池阳极修饰的研究进展

微生物细胞与电池阳极之间的电子转移速率是影响微生物燃料电池(MFC)产电性能的重要因素之一.通过阳极修饰可以促进电子转移速率,进而提高MFC产电性能.综述了MFC阳极修饰的研究进展.     

人工湿地复合生物燃料电池强化脱氮研究

在传统人工湿地的脱氮原理及其存在弊病的基础上,提出了人工湿地复合生物燃料电池技术。作为一种能量无需转化、利用效率高、能在污水处理的同时产生电能的新型技术,该系统能够有效去除处理水中的氨氮、总氮。与传统人工湿地系统相比,该系统的硝化、反硝化能力显著增强。同时通过国内外调研,分析了生物燃料电池脱氮存在的问题,提出强化脱氮效果的措施。     

生物脱氮中N2O产生过程的微生物作用

N2O是一种重要的温室气体.微生物的生物硝化反硝化过程是N2O产生的主要来源.从微生物学的角度阐述了脱氮过程中N2O的产生过程,并分析了不同脱氮过程中各菌种对N2O产生过程的作用.硝化过程中N2O主要产生于氨氧化细菌的氨氧化过程,亚硝酸盐氧化细菌的存在可以减少N2O的产量;反硝化过程中亚硝酸盐的积累,低氧和碳源不足都会导致N2O产生量的增加;另外,其他一些参与氮循环的微生物也会产生N2O.文章最后给出了污水脱氮过程中N2O减量化的策略以及今后研究的方向.     

微生物燃料电池阳极的研究进展

产电微生物与电池阳极之间的电子传递效率是影响微生物燃料电池（MFC）产电性能的重要因素之一.通过对阳极材料的改进和修饰可以有效地降低阳极反应的活化能垒,提高电子传递效率,进而提高MFC产电性能.详细介绍了近年来MFC阳极材料的国内外研究进展,并针对当前研究所面临的问题,提出了今后MFC阳极的发展方向.     

微生物燃料电池对废水中对硝基苯酚的去除

在以碳纸为阳极、空气电极为阴极、葡萄糖和对硝基苯酚为混合燃料的直接空气阴极单室微生物燃料电池中,考察了微生物燃料电池(MFC)对对硝基苯酚的降解及MFC的产电特性.结果表明MFC对废水中不同浓度的对硝基苯酚均有一定的去除效果,400 mg/L的对硝基苯酚降解4d的去除率74.1%,降解6 d的去除率为82.1%.MFC的输出电压最高为0.293V(外阻1 000Ω),最大输出功率密度为56.5 mW/m3.     

浅析水体中硝酸盐氮处理的现状及存在的问题

在自然和人为因素影响下,水体中硝酸盐氮污染正日益加剧。人体中摄入过量的硝酸盐氮对健康有严重危害,因此水体中硝酸盐氮污染已成为全球性的环境问题。本文综述了水体中硝酸盐氮去除方法的研究现状,并讨论了新型硝酸盐氮去除方法的应用前景和发展趋势。     

微生物燃料电池在污水生物脱氮中的研究进展

微生物燃料电池(MFC)是一种新型污水处理技术,其在处理污水的同时能产生电能,引起众多研究者的关注.将MFC应用于含氮污水的处理中便形成了反硝化或同步硝化反硝化MFC系统.本文回顾了MFC生物脱氮的发展历程,并从MFC实验装置的设计构造(空间构型、电极材料、分隔材料)、影响因素(含氮污染物浓度、水力停留时间、溶解氧、碳源与碳氮比、温度、pH值、外电阻)和反硝化细菌的基因表达与多样性等3个方面进行了综述与分析,提出需要从以下方面进行MFC生物脱氮效能的强化:开发具有强电子传输能力和氨氧化催化功能的廉价高效电极材料,优化MFC脱氮的运行条件和探索不同环境下的脱氮机理,通过研究MFC阴极微生物种群构成筛选培育优势反硝化功能菌.     

不同运行方式对多阳极型微生物燃料电池反硝化及产电性能的影响

利用多阳极型微生物燃料电池（multi-anode microbial fuel cell,MA-MFC）实现生物阴极反硝化过程,分别考察了阴极和多阳极之间不同连接方式、开路或闭路状态、阴极是否存在碳源以及电阻值的大小对MA-MFC的产电性能及反硝化过程的影响。当MA-MFC的阴极存在碳源时,闭路状态下15天内的硝酸盐氮去除率为64.35%,明显高于开路状态下同样时间内的硝酸盐氮去除率（45.89%）。当MA-MFC的阴极不存在碳源时,闭路状态下15天内的硝酸盐氮去除率为17.49%,而开路状态下的硝酸盐氮浓度没有变化。此外,MA-MFC采用并联方式运行时的产电性能和硝酸盐氮去除速率比采用串联方式运行时大幅提高。而在外电阻为100Ω时,MA-MFC在串联或并联状态下均能够达到最高的硝酸盐氮去除率及较高的产电性能。综合上述条件,发现当MA-MFC处于闭路状态、采用并联方式运行、阴极无碳源以及外电阻为100Ω时,能够实现最佳的硝酸盐氮去除率和最大输出功率,分别为94.21%、2.07W/m³。     

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification with electricity generation in dual‐cathode microbial fuel cells

BACKGROUND: Nitrogen removal using microbial fuel cells (MFCs) is of great interest owing to the potential benefits of bioenergy production. In this study, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in dual‐cathode MFCs was investigated. RESULTS: The dual‐cathode MFCs investigated were capable of generating electricity and removing nitrogen, influenced by operating methods, nitrogen loading rates and external resistance. Depending on the ammonium concentration in the anode chamber, 84–97% of the ammonium nitrogen was removed via nitrification in the aerobic cathode. The removals of nitrate and total nitrogen were relatively low (～50%) at the influent ammonium concentration of 80 mg NH₄⁺‐N L^?1, but were significantly improved to more than 90% at a lower ammonium input (40 and 20 mg NH₄⁺‐N L^?1). When the electrode couples were electrically connected for different purposes, with high power output from the anode/aerobic cathode and high current generation from the anode/anoxic cathode, nitrogen removal was also improved. An investigation of aeration suggested that factors other than carbon supply, possibly inefficient reactor configuration, also limited the performance of the developed MFC. CONCLUSION: The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed pathway was feasible with effective nitrogen and organic removal. This study provided valuable information for the further development of a continuously operated dual‐cathode MFC system. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Electricity generation from seafood wastewater in a single‐ and dual‐chamber microbial fuel cell with CoTMPP oxygen‐reduction electrocatalyst

BACKGROUND: To make the treatment of seafood wastewater more economical and sustainable, this study aims to examine electricity generation and simultaneous degradation of organic substances from seafood wastewater in single‐chamber (SC) and dual‐chamber (DC) microbial fuel cell (MFC). RESULTS: By supplying the MFCs with seafood wastewater, the maximum power density produced from the SCMFC was higher than that produced from the DCMFC, which is a consequence of the difference in internal resistance of the two systems. The electrochemical reduction of oxygen catalyzed by C/CoTMPP was comparable with that promoted by commercial C/Pt catalyst. The SCMFC achieved higher organic degradation than the DCMFC, which corresponded to less accumulation of volatile fatty acids being decomposed aerobically promoted by the oxygen diffused from the cathode in the absence of the membrane. Owing to electron losses via aerobic decomposition rather than the electricity‐producing pathway, the higher removal efficiency was in line with the low coulombic efficiency. In addition, the DCMFC having a membrane had a more severe pH polarization than the SCMFC without the membrane. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a conceptual demonstration of sustainable utilization of seafood wastewater while carrying out biological decomposition in an MFC system in an economical manner. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Electricity generation from terephthalic acid using a microbial fuel cell

BACKGROUND: Pure terephthalic acid (PTA) is a petrochemical product of global importance and is widely applied as an important raw material in making polyester fiber and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles. In this work, a single‐chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) was constructed using terephthalic acid (TA) with a chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration range from 500 mg L^?1 to 3500 mg L^?1 as the electron donor and strain PA‐18 as the biocatalyst. RESLUTS: In the single chamber MFC, several factors were examined to determine their effects on power output, including COD concentration and electrode spacing. The characteristic of the strain PA‐18 was further studied. Cyclic voltammetry showed that electrons were directly transferred onto the anode by bacteria in biofilms, rather than self‐produced mediators of bacteria in the solutions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation showed that the anodic electrode surface was covered by bacteria which were responsible for electron transfer. Direct 16s‐rDNA analysis showed that the PA‐18 bacteria shared 99% 16SrDNA sequence homology with Pseudomonas sp. CONCLUSIONS: Electricity generation from TA in MFC was observed for the first time. The maximum power density produced by TA was 160 mW m^?2, lower than that achieved using domestic wastewater. This novel technology provided an economical route for electricity energy recovery in PTA wastewater treatment. High internal resistance was the major limitation. To further improve the power output, the electron transfer rate was accelerated by overexpression of membrane the protein gene of the strain PA‐18 and by reducing the electrolyte and mass transfer resistance by optimizing reactor configuration. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Continuous microbial fuel cell using a photoautotrophic cathode and a fermentative anode

A complete microbial fuel cell (MFC) operating under continuous flow conditions and using Chlorella vulgaris at the cathode and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at the anode was investigated for the production of electricity. The MFC was loaded with different resistances to characterise its power capabilities and voltage dynamics. A cell recycle system was also introduced to the cathode to observe the effect of microalgae cell density on steady‐state power production and dynamic voltage profiles. At the maximum microalgae cell density of 2140 mg/L, a maximum power level of 0.6 mW/m² of electrode surface area was achieved. The voltage difference between the cathode and anode decreased as the resistance decreased within the closed circuit, with a maximum open circuit voltage (infinite resistance) of 220 mV. The highest current flow of 1.0 mA/m² of electrode surface area was achieved at an applied resistance of 250 Ω.     

Simultaneous removal of sulfide and organics with vanadium(V) reduction in microbial fuel cells

BACKGROUND: Sulfide‐containing wastewater (also containing organics) and vanadium(V)‐containing wastewater exist widely and can be treated in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) based on their chemical conditions. A novel process has been investigated using MFC technologies by employing sulfide, organics and V(V) as electron donors and acceptor, respectively. RESULTS: Electrons produced by oxidation of sulfide and organics in the anode compartment were transferred to the anode surface, then flowed to the cathode through an external circuit, where they were consumed to reduce V(V). Sulfide and total organics removal approached 84.7 ± 2.8% and 20.7 ± 2.1%, with a V(V) reduction rate of 25.3 ± 1.1%. The maximum power output obtained was 572.4 ± 18.2 mW m^?2. The effects of the microbes on electricity generation as well as the products of sulfide oxidation and V(V) reduction were also evaluated and analyzed. CONCLUSION: This process achieves both sulfide and V(V) removal with electricity generation simultaneously, providing an economical route for treating these kinds of wastewaters. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同运行方式对微生物燃料电池处理氨氮废水的影响

微生物燃料电池(MFC)是一种既能去除污染物又能产电的新型污水处理技术,由于其具有利用生物转化能量的节能优势,MFC废水脱氮处理技术引起了更多的关注。本实验在启动MFC的同步硝化与反硝化(SND)后,首先研究了通路与断路条件对MFC产电脱氮的影响,结果表明:断路时有利于硝化反应的发生,氨氮去除率有最大值95.17%;而通路更有利于COD和总氮的去除,表明氮的去除主要依靠阴极接受电子进行。随后分析了曝气阶段+停曝阶段运行方式对MFC产电和脱氮的影响,结果显示:曝气8.5h(DO为4.0mg/L)后停止曝气,停曝阶段为11.5h,DO逐渐降低到2.0mg/L,输出电压由无曝气运行的31mV提高到120mV左右,氨氮去除率最高达到86.42%、总氮去除负荷由无曝气运行的0.064g/(L·d)升高到0.46g/(L·d)。说明曝气阶段+停曝阶段运行方式既能有效提高MFC脱氮产电性能又可以减少维持高浓度DO的能量输入。