高校实验室队伍建设探索与思考

高校在开展本科基础教学和科研工作中,强化实验室队伍建设具有重要意义。本文针对高校实验室建设与管理中存在的问题,从制定科学合理的激励政策、改革考评体系和职称晋升政策、加大实验教师培训力度及引入专业理论课教师参与实验教学环节等方面提出了加强实验室队伍建设与管理的建议。在此基础上,以本专业实验室队伍建设工作为例,分析了改革措施对本科实验教学效果的影响。     

教育信息化背景下探索实验室内涵建设策略

随着教育信息化的深入推进,高校实验室内涵建设途径也亟需进行改革与创新。本文从实验室信息管理系统的构建,实验教学模式改革,实验室队伍建设与管理,实验室文化建设等四个方面进行积极探索。     

新建本科院校实验室队伍建设规划的探索与实践

对高校实验室队伍建设的重要性做了阐述,分析了新建本科院校当前化学实验室队伍的现状及存在问题,从思想观念、改革体制、激励机制、引进高素质人才等方面,探索规划建设一支符合时代要求的实验室队伍的途径。     

浅谈民办高校化学实验室的科学化管理

高校化学实验室是进行化学实验教学以及科学研究的重要场所。实验室建设及管理是体现民办高校教学水平的重要标志。近年来,高校化学实验室安全事故频出。如何加强实验室管理,减少安全事故的发生是高校面临的重要问题。本文从实验室制度管理、仪器设备管理、药品管理、实验员队伍建设以及安全管理五个方面对民办高校化学实验室管理工作进行了阐述,以期建立科学化、规范化、绿色化实验室。     

加强实验室建设,深化化学实验教学改革

文章探讨了加强实验室的管理,强化实验室在素质教育中的作用和地位以及实验室建设中的设备管理和提高设备利用率问题,阐述了完善教学计划,深入教学方法和手段的改革与创新,提高实验教学的水平,加强实验队伍的建设。介绍了实验室建设、实验教学改革取得的成绩。     

高校实验室建设与管理新模式的探索

本课题主要研究内容是开展实验教学改革,构建新的实验教学体系;加强队伍建设,打造一流的实验技术队伍;加强实验室管理,营造网络化、规范化的实验教学环境;推进本科生科研计划,提高实验室效益等。旨在为学生提供实践与创新平台,加强实验室的内涵建设,实现网上辅助教学和网络化、智能化管理,提高学生的科学研究能力。     

以"211工程"建设目标为导引促进化工基础实验中心建设与发展

原国家教委[１９９５]３３号文件明确指出:为了贯彻《中国教育改革和发展纲要》的实施意见,保证高等学校办学的基本条件,执行《高等学校实验室工作规程》(２０号令),并颁布“高等院校基础课教学实验室评估办法和标准”,以此加强高校实验室的建设与管理。     

改革给实验教学注入活力

我国高校实验室虽已经历了一段相当长的发展过程,但是实验室的体制,大都沿用按课程设置,依附于教研室,形成校、系教研室三级管理实验室的模式。实践证明,这种体制,存在着许多弊病,由于实验室设置分散,实验室建设进展缓慢,实验内容更新困难,缺乏综合性和开发性实验,不利于知识的拓宽,不利于能力的培养,虽说是“三级管理”,但校级只管投资,管理抓不住;系级什么也管不了;教研室又管不全,整个实验教学欠缺整体考虑,财力、人力分散,不利于队伍建设,投资效益差,实验教学质量难以得到可靠的保压。     

浅析实验室仪器设备的强化管理及实施资源共享的重要性

高校实验室仪器设备的管理工作的好坏,直接关系到实验教学的工作质量。强化实验室仪器设备管理及合理实施资源共享,更是为了适应实验教学改革及科研对高校实验室的需求而重点要抓的工作。     

如何做好实验室危险化学品以及劳动防护管理措施

实验室危险化学品管理是实验室安全管理的重要内容,通过工作关键点的分析,加强重点建设和知识储备,完善管理体制,强化管理队伍建设,实施提高管理效率和管理水平的措施,强化危险化学品的管理,实验室是高校实验教学、科学研究的重要场所。针对近期连续发生的危险化学品事故,分析了实验室（或分析室、化验室）所存在的安全隐患,提出了加强实验室安全以及劳动防护的管理措施。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。