负载MnO_2改性活性炭工艺对甲醛吸附去除的效能

以煤质颗粒活性炭为原料,先采用浸渍法将KMn O4浸渍在活性炭上,再经热处理制得负载Mn O2活性炭。利用Mn O2的催化氧化和活性炭的吸附强化对甲醛进行去除。结果表明活性炭最佳制备条件:KMn O4浸渍液的浓度为0.079 mol/L、焙烧温度为600℃,负载Mn O2改性活性炭吸附甲醛用Langmuir线性吸附等温方程式描述最为合适。最佳吸附条件:吸附温度为35℃、p H为7。用Na OH溶液进行活性炭再生试验,最经济的再生条件为再生温度60℃、时间6~12 h。     

超声辅助提取桑葚花色苷工艺的优化

分别采用传统溶剂法及超声辅助法,进行桑葚花色苷提取效果对比,结果表明:超声辅助技术具有明显优势。通过单因素和正交试验优化超声辅助提取工艺,得到最佳工艺参数为HCl-70%乙醇(p H=1),提取时间20 min,提取温度50℃,料液比(m L/g)1∶10,提取次数3次,在此条件下利用p H示差法对桑葚花色苷进行定量分析,得到桑葚花色苷提取率为1.169 mg/g。     

含硫纤维素的合成及其吸附性能的研究

以甘蔗渣为原料,对其进行碱化处理,然后在碱性条件下与CS2反应制备得到吸附能力强,成本低廉的含硫纤维素吸附剂。研究表明,含硫纤维素吸附剂的最佳制备工艺条件为:3g甘蔗渣,20%Na OH溶液,碱化时间24h,CS26m L,反应温度25℃,反应时间为1.5h。同时对100m L 50 mg·L-1的铜离子溶液进行吸附研究,得到最佳的吸附条件为:吸附剂用量0.1g、p H值为8、吸附温度为40℃、吸附时间1h,最大的吸附容量为49.48mg·g-1,吸附率为98.96%。     

盐酸改性海泡石对含Ni~(2+)废水处理效果研究

以天然海泡石为原料,以盐酸为改性剂,制备了盐酸改性海泡石并用于含Ni2+废水的处理。以盐酸改性海泡石对Ni2+吸附量为评价指标,考察了吸附时间、反应温度、p H和Ni2+初始质量浓度对实验结果的影响。实验发现,在一定条件下,盐酸改性海泡石对Ni2+的吸附量随着吸附时间、温度、p H与Ni2+初始质量浓度的增加而增加。盐酸改性海泡石对Ni2+的吸附与二级动力学方程(K2=0.627 7,Qe=2.59)和Langmuir等温吸附模型(Qmax=3.34,KL=0.022 6)能够较好拟合。对质量浓度为50 mg/L的含Ni2+废水,在25℃,p H为5,10 g/L盐酸改性海泡石投加量的条件下,所制备的盐酸改性海泡石对Ni2+的饱和吸附量为2.40 mg/g。考察了盐酸改性海泡石对ρ(Ni2+)为68.48 mg/L的某电镀生产废水的处理效果,其最佳实验θ为65℃,p H为6,t为30 min,投加量为30 g/L盐酸改性海泡石,此条件下Ni2+去除率为98.39%。     

pH/温度双敏感淀粉衍生物的制备与溶液性能

该文以N,N-二正丙基(或二正丁基)-2,3-环氧丙胺为叔氨化试剂,制备了具有p H/温度双敏感性的叔氨基淀粉醚。考察了反应温度、反应时间、溶剂用量、Na OH用量对产品的分子取代度以及反应效率的影响,优化了反应条件。当脱水葡萄糖残基(AGU)和叔氨化试剂摩尔比为1∶1时,较佳反应条件为:反应温度90℃,n(Na OH)/n(AGU)=0.5,m(H2O)/m(AGU)=4,反应时间12 h,在该条件下反应效率为59%,分子取代度为0.59。水溶液的透光率随p H和温度变化,测试结果表明该类叔氨基淀粉醚具有优异的p H/温度双敏感性能,且其浊点随着p H的提高以及烷基碳链的增长而降低。浊点可在14.9~77.7℃精细调控(DB-TAS 1.19,对应p H=10.75~8.00)。     

蔬菜中蛋白质的提取及含量分析

利用单一碱法提取了蔬菜中的蛋白质,通过单因素试验研究各因素(料液比、p H值、提取温度、提取时间)对蔬菜中蛋白质提取率的影响,获得单一碱法提取蔬菜中蛋白质的最佳工艺参数。菠菜中提取蛋白质的最佳工艺参数为:料液比1∶6(g/m L),p H值为9,提取温度40℃,提取时间40 min。卷心菜的最佳工艺参数为:料液比1∶6(g/m L),p H值为8,提取温度,50℃,提取时间50 min。并用凯氏定氮法分别测定提取液中的蛋白质含量,在本实验中蔬菜中的蛋白质提取率可达到80%以上。     

微波-碱协同改性粉煤灰处理含镉废水的研究

以微波-碱协同改性的粉煤灰为吸附剂处理含镉废水,考察了不同工艺条件对镉去除率的影响。结果表明,影响镉去除率的工艺因素次序为:粉煤灰投加量p H值吸附时间温度,最佳工艺条件为投加量1.5g,吸附时间1.5h,p H=7,温度20℃。采用此工艺处理含镉废水,快速、简便、成本低、效果好,达到了以废治废的目的。     

基于藻类粘附行为的微藻絮凝剂的设计与制备

基于藻类粘附行为设计淀粉基阳离子型有机高分子絮凝剂,探索了最佳制备及应用工艺条件,结果表明:在m木薯淀粉:mDAC:mAM=2.8:1:2,Na OH和95%乙醇溶液用量分别为淀粉质量的2.0%和2倍,引发剂用量为单体总质量的0.1%,反应p H为6.0,温度55℃,时间2 h时可制得特性黏度133.2 m L/g的絮凝剂,该絮凝剂投加量为20.0 mg/L,p H=8.0时,可絮凝沉降96.5%的微藻。     

超声在β-环糊精处理苯酚废水中的应用研究

研究了在超声辅助条件下β-环糊精(β-CD)处理含酚(苯酚)废水的吸附规律和处理苯酚废水的最佳工艺条件:超声频率20 k Hz,超声声强0.2 W/cm2,苯酚初始浓度100 mg/L,p H为6.0,溶液体积100 m L,反应温度40℃,吸附时间240 min,β-CD用量40 g/L,去除率最高达到1.28 mg/g,比单独使用环糊精提高0.26 mg/g。     

阳离子木屑纤维素吸附剂的制备及其吸附性能研究

通过木屑纤维素的改性制备阳离子木屑纤维素吸附剂,研究其最佳制备条件及对1-萘酚的吸附条件,并对产物进行SEM表征。结果表明,最佳合成条件:CTA/MC质量比2:1,反应时间1.5 h,Na OH溶液浓度20.0%;最适宜的吸附条件为:在吸附剂用量2.5 g,p H 5.0,吸附时间2.0 h,处理25 m L 1-萘酚溶液(20 mg/L),吸附率可达89.56%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。