应用型地方本科高校无机化学实验教学改革研究

无机化学实验是高校化学教育重要的基础实验课程,针对应用型地方高校无机化学实验教学的现状,对无机化学实验传统教学模式进行改革,优化实验教学内容,改进实验教学方法及考核方式,提高无机化学实验教学质量,促进无机化学实验在培养应用型创新人才中发挥重要的作用。     

无机化学实验教学改革创新尝试

根据现代无机化学实验课程的现状,结合内蒙古大学化学化工学院的实际教学效果情况,本文具体从以下五个方面探讨了无机化学实验课程存在的问题以及改进的方法:(1)无机化学实验教学方法改革;(2)无机化学实验教学内容改革;(3)无机化学实验考核办法改革;(4)提高学生安全和环保意识;(5)开放实验室,定期组织学生学习参观大型先进实验仪器。     

无机化学设计性实验教学情况的调查与分析

在肇庆学院化学化工学院对无机化学设计性实验教学的情况进行了调查,了解了学生对无机化学设计性实验的认知程度、学生在无机化学设计性实验中的表现和学生对教师实验教学的认同情况等内容。针对学生的这些情况进行了分析,提出了无机化学设计性实验教学应加强与学生日常生活实际的联系,渐进式安排设计性实验内容、教师要改进设计性实验的教学方法,提高实验教学效率、教师要努力提高自身素质,充分发挥主导作用等应对策略。     

结合实际浅谈无机化学实验教学的改进

化学是一门以实验为基础的科学,在无机化学课程的改革中,无机化学实验教学的改革同样势在必行。文章结合笔者从教两年多的自身体会从设置无机化学实验教学的内容、改善教学方式以及考核方式三个方面浅谈无机化学实验教学的改进。     

大学无机化学实验教学改革探讨

本文以大学无机化学实验教学改革为主题,浅谈了对无机化学实验教学改革的几点设想。无机化学实验教学改革提高了化学实验教学效果,激发了学生对化学实验的兴趣,增强了学生的实验基本操作能力,为进一步培养学生的创新能力打下了良好的基础。     

大学无机化学实验存在的问题及改革

根据现代无机化学专业实验课存在的问题,从四个方面探讨了无机化学实验课存在的问题以及改进的方法:(1)改进无机化学实验教学方法,真正做到课堂理论指导实验;(2)增加实验课的技术含量,调动学生实验课上的积极性;(3)合理调整并选择代表性的实验,系统化无机化学实验内容;(4)建立多元化的无机化学化学实验考核方法。实践证明,通过实验改革带动了学生实验课上的积极性,提高了学生实际动手操作能力,并且激发了学生对投入科学研究的兴趣。     

创新环保型无机化学实验教学改革初探

无机化学是四大基础化学之一,而无机化学实验更是无机化学的基础,文章介绍了无机化学实验的重要性,在分析了无机化学实验的特点和教学中存在的一些问题后,指出在无机化学实验教学中,首先要抓学生的基本操作和技能的训练,使其形成规范化的操作,并养成良好的实验习惯。要发展绿色化学实验和在实验教学中引入多媒体教学,并针对性的提出了解决问题的初步方法。     

地方应用型本科高校基础化学实验教学改革初探

基础化学实验课是化学类专业的基础课,基础化学实验包括无机化学实验、分析化学实验、有机化学实验、物理化学实验、仪器分析实验。优化基础化学实验课内容和实验器材,改进基础化学实验教学方法和考核方式,提高教学质量,提高学生的应用能力、实践能力和创新能力。     

无机化学实验教学的改革初探

简要的介绍了无机化学实验对化学专业学生的重要性,分析了无机化学实验教学的现状,综述了无机化学实验教学的一些改革措施。     

师范大学无机化学实验中设计性综合实验研究初探

在师范大学无机化学实验教学中,设计性实验对提高学生综合实验能力、加强学生实践技能起着至关重要的作用。优化实验教学方式方法,使无机化学实验室成为学生了解科研、爱上科研的训练场,这不但赋予无机化学实验教学无限的生机和活力,也适应了新世纪创新型化学人才的培养需要。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.