分子模拟软件Discovery Studio在生物有机化学教学中的新应用

生物有机化学是生物化学与有机化学知识交叉融合的一门课程,涉及生物大分子的立体结构及很多抽象概念,学生难以理解。教学中运用分子模拟软件Discovery Studio解释这些较难理解的问题,可以让学生更直观地理解学习内容,同时能够激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生进行科学思维的能力,从而提高生物有机化学课程的教学质量。     

工科有机化学的教学方法与手段浅谈

对有机化学的教学方法及教学手段进行了探讨。认为在教学方法上要从日常生活入手,培养学生的学习兴趣;重视有机化学的研究方法,培养学生的有机化学思维,获得持续学习有机化学的能力;要结合社会热点对学生进行德育教育。在教学手段上则采用传统教学、多媒体和模型相结合的方式。     

提高学生学习兴趣,促进有机化学教学

有机化学课程是化学、化工、制药和食品等专业学生必修的专业基础课程,由于目前有机化学教材的内容编排往往使学生感觉到枯燥和乏味,有关反应机理部分的介绍也往往比较生涩,不利于激发学生主动学习的热情。针对以上在有机化学教学过程中存在的问题,本文结合作者在教学过程中的探索与实践经验,介绍了提高学生学习兴趣,促进有机化学教学的方法。     

浅谈如何上好生物化学绪论课

生物化学课理论内容抽象枯燥、代谢反应复杂,学生对生物化学课的学习很容易产生畏难情绪。结合生物化学绪论课的教学经验来看,讲好生物化学的绪论部分可以帮助学生树立学习生物化学的信心和激发他们的学习兴趣,进而激发学生学习的主观能动性,提高教学效果。     

多项并举提高生物化学实验教学质量研究

以培养学生创新能力和提高教学质量为目的,结合生物化学实验教学特点,通过教学内容整合、教学方式革新以及考核评价体系优化等举措进行了教学改革探索。实践表明,根据学科发展前沿调整实验教学内容,极大调动了学生学习积极性;线上与线下教学、虚拟与实践教学以及科研与实验教学结合,有效激发了学生的学习兴趣;多样化评价体系的建立提高了学生自主学习能力和独立思考能力。以上措施并举,有效提升了生物化学实验的教学质量。     

浅谈医科院校有机化学的教学体会

针对医科院校有机化学的学习特点和对学生的培养要求,结合自己的教学实践,分别从灵活多变的教学方法和手段、多样化的教学形式以及绿色化学的教学理念入手,以激发学生的学习兴趣,培养学生融会贯通的自主学习能力和实验操作技能为主要内容,探讨有机化学教学改革的心得体会。     

微课在药学专业有机化学教改过程中的初探索

有机化学为药学专业学生的一门专业基础课,与以后的课程如药物化学、生物化学、药理学等有密切的联系,但有机化学内容较多,学生掌握较为困难。微课作为一种新兴教学方式深受学生喜爱,能有效的提高学生的学习兴趣。文章主要讲述了微课在有机化学课程中的应用,为提高学生的学习效率找到了一种有效的方法。     

从三大框架出发学好大学有机化学课程

对于多数学习大学有机化学课程的学生来说,掌握有机化学课程结构,熟悉有机化学课程内容,理清课程内容间的逻辑关系是学好有机化学的前提。但在实践教学中发现,大多数学生对于学习有机化学并没有明确的思路和方法。为了促进学生熟悉该课程,优化学习方法,本文将以有机化学教材内容为出发点,结合自身教学实践,提出利于学生学习有机化学课程内容的三大核心教学框架。     

运用多种教学方法 努力提升教学效果——有机化学教学中的实践与探索

本文主要阐述了直观教学法、实验与理论结合的教学法、探究式教学法、对比教学法和归纳教学法在有机化学理论课教学的运用。通过这些教学方法的灵活运用,促使学生能够加深对学习内容的理解,改善课堂效果,提高有机化学的教学质量。     

思维导图结合案例教学法在生物化学教学中的探索

生物化学是生物工程专业的一门重要专业基础课,该课程知识点多且内容繁杂。传统"教师讲,学生听"的教学模式难以激发学生学习的主动性。本文采用"教师为主导,学生为主体"的教学模式,将思维导图和案例法教学有机结合,并运用到教学过程各环节中,在调动学生学习生物化学的主动性,激发学生学习兴趣和提高生物化学的教学质量方面进行了探索。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.