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1.
《International Journal of Pavement Engineering》2012,13(6):553-568
Introduction of perpetual pavement in the late 1990s provided the possibility of constructing a pavement with higher initial investment expenditure but lower maintenance and user costs. Life cycle cost (LCC) of a facility is the sum of all one-time and recurring costs over the full life span of that facility. As for highways, it includes agency costs (initial construction and maintenance costs), user costs (vehicle operation and time value costs), social costs (environmental costs) and salvage value at the end of pavement design life which is considered as a negative cost. This study compares the LCC of highways with conventional and perpetual pavements to figure out which system is economically preferred in various traffic and weather conditions for Iranian highways. Results of the study show that perpetual pavement construction can save LCC of pavements in the range of 4–20%. 相似文献
2.
João Santos James Bryce Gerardo Flintsch 《International Journal of Pavement Engineering》2017,18(8):727-743
Recent studies based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) have highlighted the potential of in-place recycling techniques to enhance the sustainability of agency pavement management decisions for asphalt pavements. However, a solution which an LCA finds environmentally advantageous might not be preferred over another which is technically equivalent, if it is not economically competitive. In this context, it is necessary to evaluate the economic costs of such alternatives taking into account the perspective of the main stakeholders who interact with a pavement system throughout its life cycle. This paper presents a comprehensive pavement life cycle costs (LCC) model that accounts for the different categories of costs incurred by highway agencies and road users in every phase of the pavement life cycle. The results of the application of the pavement LCC model to a specific highway rehabilitation project in the state of Virginia showed that in-place recycling practices are beneficial for both highway agencies and road users. 相似文献
3.
《International Journal of Pavement Engineering》2012,13(4):315-336
Improving the sustainability of road pavements requires road agencies and construction companies to identify, by means of appropriate methodologies and tools, the priority areas of action. The life cycle assessment method has gradually become a versatile tool capable of informing decisions on resource and process selection to better understand, measure and reduce the environmental impacts of a system. This article presents the results of a study aimed at estimating and comparing the life cycle impacts of the flexible pavement structures defined in the Portuguese pavement design catalogue. The analysis assessed the functional units over a 40-year project analysis period (PAP), considering all pavement life cycle phases: extraction of raw materials and production; transportation of materials; construction, maintenance and rehabilitation; work zone traffic management; usage and end-of-life. The results of the case study showed that for the less demanding traffic classes the materials phase is the main contributor to the road pavement's overall life cycle environmental impact. However, if the road pavement is expected to carry significant volumes of traffic over its PAP, then the usage phase dominates the road pavement's overall environmental performance. The analysis also showed that, as expected, the foundation class impacts the environmental performance of the pavement under high traffic volumes. Stronger pavement foundations require thinner pavement, resulting in lower overall environmental burdens. 相似文献
4.
产品生命周期成本概念及分析方法 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
随着人们成本意识的增强,生命周期成本日益引起设计者和用户的重视。对产品生命周期和产品生命周期成本概念进行了论述,介绍了参数模型、类推模型和详细模型3种生命周期成本分析模型,最后以某厂计划购买自动包装生产线为例,说明如何利用生命周期成本概念进行投资决策分析。 相似文献
5.
《International Journal of Pavement Engineering》2012,13(3):268-286
Despite the general consensus among stakeholders on how useful the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology can be in helping to reduce the environmental burdens of a road pavement, very few pavement LCA models have considered the entire pavement life cycle. This paper presents the development of a highly customisable LCA tool that provides an integrated, project-level approach that includes all six pavement life cycle phases. The developed tool encompasses six main modules, including extraction of raw materials and production; construction, maintenance and rehabilitation; transportation of materials; work-zone traffic management; usage; and end-of-life. Data regarding the Portuguese practise of pavement construction and management have been collected on site with certified Portuguese construction companies and complemented using published literature and databases. The research described in this paper provides a widely applicable pavement LCA model that will enable highway agencies, private companies and the construction industry to estimate emissions and environmental impacts during the project analysis period for road pavement. The use of the proposed tool for benchmarking current practises in pavement construction and management enhances the scientific basis for understanding where further efforts can be undertaken to promote sustainable pavement investment decisions. 相似文献
6.
Mona Nobakht Maryam S. Sakhaeifar David Newcomb Shane Underwood 《International Journal of Pavement Engineering》2018,19(8):675-684
A well-planned rehabilitation approach helps agencies to optimise the allocation of annual investment in pavement rehabilitation programs. Currently, many agencies are struggling with the selection of an optimal time-based and cost-effective rehabilitation solution to address the long-term needs of pavements. This study offers the use of a mechanistic-empirical methodology to develop a series of time-based rehabilitation strategies for high traffic volume flexible pavements located in Oklahoma. Six different pavement family groups are identified in the state, and comprehensive evaluation of existing pavements are conducted through analysis of falling weight deflectometer data and performance measures available in Oklahoma Pavement Management System database. The inadequacy of performance measures to fully characterise the condition of existing pavements are indicated, and damage factor determined from FWD data are suggested as trigger factor to select rehabilitation candidates. Three levels of rehabilitation activities including light, medium and heavy are considered as potential alternatives for rehabilitation candidates. A mechanistic-empirical methodology is employed to obtain an estimate of the performance of rehabilitation and extension in service lives of pavements. Also, an assessment output matrix is developed, which can be served as a supplemental tool to help the decision-makers in the highway agency with the rehabilitation related decision-making process. Cost-effectiveness of rehabilitation alternatives is determined through life cycle cost analysis, and three time-based renewal solutions are developed for pavement family groups that are in need of rehabilitation. 相似文献
7.
Compared to major structural repair or even replacement, preventative preservation of in-service pavements has been more popular in engineering practices, but recently, pavement preventative maintenance (PPM) has become more complex in China as the competition for pavement preservation funds has grown and the need to justify decisions has increased. Therefore, the life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) has increasingly attracted attention from transportation agencies. However, most of previous studies were conducted deterministically or only focused on a single factor, while PPM is apparently affected by many potential sources of uncertainty. The risk-based analysis to investigate potential risks and combined effects of multiple factors is a necessary component of PPM. This paper aims at presenting a risk-based PPM with the probabilistic LCCA for a Chinese highway case. Major analysis variables of different range are examined to probe risks of different scenarios, investigate combined effects of multiple variables and identify an optimal preservation strategy. 相似文献
8.
针对目前国内还没有一种有效的方法用于选择和评价风管系统的现状,提出采用全寿命周期费用分析法来选择和评价风管系统,并在实际工程中,采用该方法比较和分析国内4种常见风管系统的一次性投资、能耗费和维护费,重点对各风管的全寿命周期费用进行评估,认为酚醛铝箔复合风管的费用最低,是一种值得推广的风管系统。 相似文献
9.
《International Journal of Pavement Engineering》2012,13(1):71-84
Despite the fact that it considers a design period of 20 years for flexible pavements, the Portuguese manual of pavement structures states the importance of making a life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for a period of no less than 40 years, called project analysis period, in order to compare different pavement solutions in terms of global costs for the final choice of the pavement structure for a national road or a highway. The problem is that until now this analysis has never been done in Portugal. This paper presents a new LCCA system based on an optimisation model considering pavement performance, called OPTIPAV, developed and programmed to help pavement designers to choose the best pavement structure for a road or a highway. The LCCA system considers the serviceability concept adopted by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials for use in the design of flexible pavements. The results obtained by the application of the new LCCA system clearly indicate that it is a valuable addition to the road engineer's toolbox. 相似文献
10.
《International Journal of Pavement Engineering》2012,13(7):655-673
The Portuguese manual of pavement structures, despite the fact it uses a design period of 20 years for flexible pavements, states the importance of making a life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) for a period of no less than 40 years. This paper presents a sensitivity analysis to the discount rate that was carried out on the application of a new LCCA system, called OPTIPAV, developed and programmed to help pavement designers to choose the best pavement structure for a road or highway. The OPTIPAV system uses the serviceability concept adopted by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) for use in the design of flexible pavements. The results obtained by the application of the new LCCA system clearly indicate that, for any combination between traffic and pavement foundation, the optimum pavement structure always remains the same or decreases in terms of structural capacity with the increase of the discount rate value. 相似文献
11.
Yunfeng JIN Chao LIU Gaofeng DENG Yunlong GUAN Jiangang HAO Haizhou HUANG Dongxiang JIANG 《发电技术》2022,43(1):119-125
12.
13.
空调能效比发展趋势的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析当前国内外空调能效标准的现状,指出我国空调能效比仍有较大提升空间.从理论上分析空调能效比的极限,同时对提高能效比的措施所影响到的生命周期成本进行分析,明确空调器不能一味追求高能效比,而应将生命周期成本作为衡量产品的尺度,寻找最佳的生命周期成本,这样即可以节能又能够减少消费者投资. 相似文献
14.
《International Journal of Pavement Engineering》2012,13(5):592-599
ABSTRACTThe most important issue in managing low-volume roads (LVRs) is to define standards and practices applied on roads. In recent years, transportation agencies have dealt with considerable challenges for managing LVRs. These challenges include reductions in maintenance budgets; impact of industrial activities; and ineffective treatments applied on paved roads. The Wyoming Technology Transfer Centre (WYT2/LTAP) conducted online surveys as part of a research project conducted jointly with the Colorado Department of Transportation. The objective of the surveys is to document what the transportation agencies, including state departments of transportation (DOTs), are doing to face these challenges. Four online surveys were sent to the TRB LVRs committee, eight DOTs, local governments in Colorado and the material advisory committee in the Colorado DOT. These surveys have an average of 26 questions dealing with pavement management system (PMS) specifications recommended for low-volume paved roads. Seventy-one transportation agencies responded to the survey. This paper summarises the responses to the survey showing innovative programmes, procedures and products that are successfully meeting LVRs pavement management needs. 相似文献
15.
《International Journal of Pavement Engineering》2012,13(3):149-160
A pavement management model has been developed using a microscopic approach to yield optimum pavement conditions for a given pavement system. The microscopic pavement management problem is formulated as a constrained integer linear programming model subjected to budget and improvement requirement constraints. The developed optimum microscopic model incorporates integer variables representing the number of pavement sections to be treated by the applicable maintenance and rehabilitation actions. The objective of yielding optimum pavement conditions is achieved by either considering the net pavement condition rating gain or age–gain applied to a given pavement system. In either approach, the optimisation model can be formulated to maximise pavement conditions or minimise maintenance and rehabilitation costs. Data requirements for the microscopic model include identification of each pavement section and rating its distress condition, providing cost rates and performance parameters for the deployed maintenance and rehabilitation actions and specifying anticipated budget and pavement improvement requirements. Sample results from a case study have indicated that the developed model is very effective in yielding optimum pavement conditions. 相似文献
16.
《International Journal of Pavement Engineering》2012,13(8):894-904
ABSTRACTA significant number of agencies allocate low funding levels for their low-volume roads (LVRs) as part of their pavement management system (PMS) funding strategies. Although agencies have been applying a number of low-cost treatments, the effectiveness of the applied treatments towards improving pavement performance is not well understood or documented. The application of low-cost treatments on roads has different levels of impact on the pavement performance depending on the initial pavement condition. This study introduces a methodology of evaluating in-practice surface treatments on LVRs. The methodology can be implemented by different transportation agencies using historical data of pavement condition and treatment records. A case study of managing LVRs in Colorado was investigated using the historical PMS data of Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT). The performance of pavement in the context of fatigue, longitudinal, and transverse cracking was analysed and the results show different trends of common treatment options applied to LVRs. It was concluded that some surface maintenance strategies are effective long-term treatments for fatigue, longitudinal, and transverse cracking. However, the effectiveness of these treatments depends mainly on the initial condition index. The findings of this study permits increased understanding of selected maintenance treatments. An appropriate maintenance strategy was developed including all effective treatments. The comprehensive long-term analysis of road maintenance and costs shows that the proposed maintenance strategy is more cost-effective compared to the current policy followed by CDOT. 相似文献
17.
工业节能降耗的全生命周期成本研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于节能降耗与可持续发展,将全生命周期成本分析方法用于工业节能降耗的研究,对工业产品的全生命周期成本及能耗进行了分析．在利用LCC方法分析工艺全生命周期成本的同时,还考虑了影响能源消耗的成本因素．力图在兼顾节能降耗的同时,考虑企业成本最小化与利益最大化,为有效指导工业节能降耗生产、合理选择工艺设施提供了新的思路,也为设备规划和选型、计算设备的经济寿命、管理控制设备投资以及项目的方案论证等提供方法和工具． 相似文献
18.
Guofu Zhai Yuege Zhou Xuerong Ye 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2015,31(4):635-643
Due to the effects of manufacturing tolerances and environmental conditions, component parameters vary and degrade with time. This may cause performance measures of electronic circuits to deviate from design specifications. Therefore, a tolerance design method based on performance degradation is proposed for electronic circuits, so as to improve the robustness of output characteristics. First, sensitive components causing output fluctuation are determined via orthogonal experiment and PSpice simulation. Then, degradation path models are established to describe the degradation process of sensitive components. The predicted values worked out by the degradation path models are substituted into the simulation model for Monte Carlo analysis. Besides, output characteristics and performance reliability are evaluated according to Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, optimum allocation is carried out for component tolerances as per minimum life cycle cost. The proposed method is illustrated by a case study of light‐emitting diode (LED) driver. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Liang Gongqian Liu WanxiaSchool of Management Northwestern Polytechnic University Xi''''an Shaanxi P.R.China 《国际设备工程与管理》1997,(2)
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20.
《International Journal of Pavement Engineering》2012,13(5):440-448
Due to industrial plant expansion, superheavy load moves have increased drastically in Louisiana within the past decade. This paper presents a case study of a superheavy load movement with over 1.8-million kg loads on a flexible pavement. The study included pavement structural analysis under superheavy load and the estimation of cost attributable to the movement. The structural evaluation was performed by both three-dimensional (3D) finite element and the layered elastic analysis with the 3D Mohr–Coulomb yield criterion. Three wheel load configurations were analysed. The comparison of the two methods showed comparable results for the single-line load configuration. In addition, a simple and rational cost allocation process was proposed to estimate the cost attributable to a superheavy load move. The proposed process was based on the predicted damage caused by a superheavy load move and on the estimated cost for repairing the deteriorated pavement. 相似文献