船用柴油闭杯闪点的不确定度评估

使用APM-8型宾斯基-马丁闭口杯法自动闪点试验仪,采用GB/T 261-2008[1]国标测试得出了关于(某批次)船用柴油的闭口闪点,通过对10份样品进行了3次测量获得重复性测量不确定度,通过专业校准实验室的数据获得温度示值和压力示值的不确定度,依据此结果来对本批次检测结果的不确定度进行评估。探讨了重复性操作,温度传感器和压力传感器对不确定度的影响。     

轮胎强度试验不确定度评定

对轮胎强度试验的不确定度进行评定。轮胎强度试验的不确定度来源为作用力和行程位移。作用力测量不确定度包括试验机作用力示值分辨力引入的标准不确定度、作用力校准引入的标准不确定度和作用力测量重复性引入的标准不确定度。行程位移测量不确定度包括试验机行程位移示值分辨力引入的标准不确定度、行程位移校准引入的标准不确定度和行程位移测量重复性引入的标准不确定度。     

电子拉力机测试拉伸强度的不确定度评定

对电子拉力机测试拉伸强度的不确定度进行评定。拉伸强度测试结果不确定度来源包括力值、宽度和厚度,计算结果表明,测试结果主要影响因素是力值方面的试验机示值误差、试验机校准和重复性以及厚度测量方面的测厚计的示值误差和读数误差。     

总磷总氮水质在线分析仪不确定度评定

文章以TP型总磷水质在线分析仪和TN型总氮水质在线分析仪为例,对影响测量结果不确定度的各个分量进行了分析,并依据JJG 1094-2013《总磷总氮水质在线分析仪》的要求对仪器示值误差检定或校准结果的不确定度和计量标准的不确定度进行了评定,并对检定或校准结果进行了验证,以期为总磷和总氮减排、环境执法和建立计量标准等提供计量数据支撑。     

医用核磁共振成像系统磁场强度示值误差的测量不确定度的评定

本文根据JJF(冀)3002-2018《医用磁共振成像系统校准规范》和JJF1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》,介绍了核磁共振成像系统磁场强度示值误差的测量不确定度的评定方法,分析了各种不确定度的来源,给出了磁场强度示值误差的扩展不确定度及最后的分析结果。     

气相色谱法检测煤气中氧气含量的测量不确定度评定

利用气相色谱法对煤气中氧气含量进行检测,通过应用现代数理统计方法对煤气中氧气含量测量不确定度来源进行分析,同时从标准样品、标准样品峰面积和混合气体样品峰面积等几大方面对测量不确定度来源进行了分析和量化评定,指出主要的不确定度来源是标准物质、测量重复性和仪器校准时的示值误差.并计算出相对合成不确定度,得出煤气中氧气体积分数为Ψ(O2)=(0.87±0.04)％,(k=2).     

分压电路方法测量直流高压高阻箱示值误差的测量不确定度的研究

直流高压高阻箱是主要用于检定、校准绝缘电阻表和高阻计的计量标准器.提出电阻分压电路(RVD circuit)测量直流高压高阻箱的方法,同时给出测量原理图和计量标准装置的构成,并对分压组合电路测量直流高压高阻箱示值误差的测量不确定度进行了评定.     

原油含水分析水分接受器的校准

校准是在规定条件下的一组操作,其第一步是确定由测量标准提供的量值与相应示值之间的关系,第二步则是用此信息确定由示值获得测量结果的关系,这里测量标准提供的量值与相应示值都具有测量不确定度。     

卡尔费休水分测定仪不确定度评定

为了获得卡尔·费休库仑法微量水分测定仪示值误差的不确定度,通过将被校仪器测量值与标准物质标准值两者差值作为卡尔·费休库仑法微量水分测定仪示值误差,依据JJF1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》等文献,评定出卡尔·费休库仑法微量水分测定仪示值误差的不确定度。     

汽油车简易瞬态工况法用流量分析仪流量示值误差测量结果不确定度评定

随着人们生活水平的提高,机动车已经普遍的进入到了人们的日常生活之中,所以对于环境的破坏日益加剧,为了能够保护环境,人们对于机动车排放污染物也相应的越来越严格,很多国家都采用了ASM系统来对机动车炮房污染物的浓度进行判定。为了能够达到这个目的,VMAS系统应运而生,其首先被美国人提出,随后在我国也以其为标准设定了GB 18285机动车排放标准。本文以JJF 1385-2012为测量依据,通过建立的数学模型,对流量分析仪流量示值误差校准结果的不确定度进行了分析,得出流量示值误差校准结果的不确定度在(8.9~180)L/s处,为Ur e l=2.0%。     

自动泰格闭口杯闪点仪测定生物醇油产品闭杯闪点的不确定度评定

使用自动泰格闭口杯闪点仪,采用GB/T 21929-2008标准测定了生物醇油产品的闭杯闪点,并在此基础上对生物醇油产品闭杯闪点检测的不确定度进行了评估,分析了各项不确定度分量的来源,评定了合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度的评定方法。     

自动闭口闪点仪使用影响因素分析及改进

介绍FP565G2全自动TAG闭口闪点测试仪的工作原理及测定方法,通过使用FP56 5G2自动闭口闪点仪对已知闭口闪点的样品进行测定,分析自动闪点仪使用的影响因素并对操作进行改进。将FP565G2测定结果与现行闭口闪点的国家标准GB/T261的测试结果进行比较,FP565G2自动闭口闪点仪重复性要求和精确度要求都在标准方法允许的误差范围内。     

Brandtechnische Parameter der wichtigsten in Anstrichmitteln benutzten Lösungsmittel

Fire Technical Parameters of the Most Important Organic Solvents Used in Fainting Materials Experimental works were carried out concerning the determination of flash point of white spirit using Abel-Pensky closed cup apparatus. From the main organic solvents are stated the values of flash point determined in closed cup, in open cup, values without the way of determination, the values of autoignition temperature, the values of lower and upper flammability limits.     

Measurement and estimation of the lower flash points for the flammable binary systems using a Tag open cup tester

Lower flash points for flammable binary systems, ethylbenzene+n-propanol, n-propionic acid+ethylbenzene and n-propionic acid+o-xylene, were measured by Tag open cup tester. These binary solutions exhibited the minimum flash point behavior, which leads to a minimum on the flash point vs composition curve. The experimental data were compared with the values calculated by the flash point prediction models based on the van Laar and Wilson equations. As can be seen from the A.A.D., the calculated values based on the Wilson equation were found to be better than those based on the van Laar equation.     

Flash point and fire hazard analysis of three organic fuels and their aqueous solutions at low pressures

To study the low pressure influence on the flash point and fire hazard of organic fuels and their aqueous solutions, a series of experiments has been conducted to measure the open‐cup and closed‐cup flash points of methanol, ethanol, and n‐decane aqueous solutions including different mole fractions under different static pressures ranging from 35 to 101 kPa. The results show that both the pressure and fuel mole fraction have a nonlinear correlation with the flash point of the miscible fuel specimens like the correlation provided in this paper. For the partially miscible fuel specimens with a lower density than water, the water content has almost no influence on the flash point. The fire risks of the experimental results were analysed based on the standard GB50160‐2008, which shows that the fire risk becomes higher at low pressures, and there is a critical pressure at the turning point of the change in fire classification. A method to achieve the critical low pressure of different fuels or aqueous solutions from the fire hazard classification is derived in this paper.     

Prediction and measurement of the lower flash points for flammable binary solutions by using a setaflash closed cup tester

The flash point is one of the most important physical properties used to determine the potential for fire and explosion hazards of industrial materials. The purpose of this study was to measure and predict the lower flash points for the binary mixtures to aid in evaluating the safety of flammable liquid mixtures. The lower flash points for the flammable binary systems, n-hexanol+propionic acid, n-butyric acid+m-xylene and n-pentanol+n-butanol, were measured by Setaflash closed cup tester. The experimentally derived data were correlated with the Wilson and UNIQUAC (UNIversal QUuasi Chemical) equations using the binary interaction parameters. Both equations correlated with a good accuracy.     

浸渍法测量PVC-U管材密度的不确定度的评定

依据GB1033-1986《塑料密度和相对密度试验方法》分析了PVC-U管材密度测量过程中不确定度的来源,对不确定度进行了评估,结果表明:测量不确定度主要来源于砝码误差和横梁不等臂性误差,测量重复性误差和天平示值变动性误差对测量不确定度的影响较小。     

盐密测量仪检验误差的不确定度评定

文章通过分析盐密测量仪的仪器引用误差和电子单元引用误差,进行了盐密测量仪检验误差的不确定度评定,对有效开展盐密测量仪的检验工作,明确盐密测量仪的误差范围,保障盐密数据的可靠性有着重要的意义。     

Calculation of mixture equilibrium binary interaction parameters using closed cup flash point measurements

Proper design and operation of separation processes are highly dependent on phase equilibrium calculations. The common method to treat polar/nonpolar systems, and also mixtures of normal compounds where the sizes are significantly different is to use binary interaction parameters. This paper presents a method to calculate mixture binary interaction parameters using closed cup flash point measurements. The measured and literature closed cup flash points of different binary mixtures (ethanol + n-octane, 1-propanol + n-octane, 1-propanol + n-decane, n-octane + n-decane, 1-propanol + water, 1-butanol + n-octane, 2-butanol + n-octane, and water + propionic acid) are used to calculate binary interaction parameters. These binary interaction parameters together with common activity models are then used to calculate vapor–liquid equilibrium compositions of different binary mixtures considered in this study. The validity of the proposed method was successfully approved by comparing the calculated equilibrium compositions with experimental data.     

测量误差和测量不确定度的异同及易混淆的问题

讨论了测量误差和测量不确定度的异同之处,并对易混淆的几个问题,提出了自己的观点。指出是使用测量不确定度还是测量误差来评定测量结果,应根据应用的范围,场合,层次,需求及成本来确定。