FTO@Cu_2S复合对电极的制备及性能研究

利用溶胶凝胶法合成10~20 nm的FTO颗粒,制备成FTO基底膜。运用离子交换法将Cu2S颗粒负载到FTO基底膜上,制备出FTO@Cu2S复合对电极。通过控制交换次数来调节Cu2S的负载量。封装电池光电性能测试结果表明,离子交换法制备的对电极可以有效降低电池的内部串阻,提高电池的填充因子,当交换次数为3时,电池的光电转换效率最高可达1.84%。     

CdS/CuInS_2/In_2S_3量子点太阳能电池的制备与性能

连续离子层吸附法(SILAR)是制备量子点最有效的方法之一,本文采用LILAR法制备了CdS/CuInS_2/In_2S_3量子点光阳极,采用SEM、EDS、EIS和吸收光谱对该光阳极的特性进行了表征分析,并研究了其做为量子点敏化太阳能电池(QDSCs)光阳极的电化学特性。结果表明,采用CdS/CuInS_2/In_2S_3量子点的QDSCs较采用CuInS2的QDSCs短路电流、填充因子和光电转换效率,分别提高了97%、46%和226%。     

ZnS对CdS量子点敏化太阳能电池性能的影响

通过静电纺丝技术,制备TiO_2光阳极,在该光阳极上用连续离子吸附与反应法制备CdS/ZnS量子点,并与Pt对电极、多硫化合物电解液组装成量子点敏化太阳能电池(QDSCs)。利用ZnS比CdS导带高的特点,制备CdS/ZnS共敏化量子点。利用X射线衍射对光阳极进行物相分析,扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪进行形貌和元素成分表征,并将组装后的电池通过伏安特性曲线(J-V)进行光电性能分析。结果表明:量子点的引入对TiO_2的晶型影响不大;CdS/ZnS量子点成功的附着在TiO_2光阳极表面;通过比较不同循环沉积次数的CdS与ZnS量子点光阳极的光电性能,先对CdS循环浸泡7次、后对ZnS循环浸泡5次数的量子点,光电性能最优,拥有最高的开路电压(0.87 V)和光电转换效率(1.09%),与单独的CdS量子点敏化太阳能电池相比较,光电转换效率提高了7.56%。     

ZnS对CdS量子点敏化太阳能电池性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

通过静电纺丝技术,制备TiO2光阳极,在该光阳极上用连续离子吸附与反应法制备CdS／ZnS量子点,并与Pt对电极、多硫化合物电解液组装成量子点敏化太阳能电池（QDSCs）。利用ZnS比CdS导带高的特点,制备CdS／ZnS共敏化量子点。利用X射线衍射对光阳极进行物相分析,扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪进行形貌和元素成分表征,并将组装后的电池通过伏安特性曲线（J-V）进行光电性能分析。结果表明：量子点的引入对TiO2的晶型影响不大;CdS／ZnS量子点成功的附着在TiO2光阳极表面,通过比较不同循玎沉积次数的CdS与Zn2量子点光阳极的光电性能。先对CdS循环浸泡7次、后对ZnS循环浔泡5次数的量子点,光电性能最优,拥有最高的开路电压（0．87V）和光电转换效率（1．09％）,与单独的CdS量子点敏化太阳能电池相比较,光电转换效率提高了71．56％。     

Cu_2ZnSnS_4纳米片阵列在量子点敏化太阳能电池对电极中的应用

采用气相沉积和离子交换两步法制备Cu_2ZnSnS_4(CZTS)纳米片阵列对电极,应用于量子点敏化太阳能电池(QDSC),并考察其电催化活性和相应器件的光电性能。结果表明:所得样品是由四方晶系CZTS纳米片组装而成的阵列结构;CZTS纳米片阵列为对电极的QDSC的光电转换效率为0.80%,远高于Pt为对电极的QDSC的光电转换效率0.34%。QDSC光电性能的改善归因于CZTS纳米片阵列具有优异的电催化活性。     

敏化纳米晶TiO2太阳电池的光电转换研究

该文对光电化学太阳能电池的发展历程和工作原理进行了探讨,并指出了该电池存在的一些主要问题,介绍了通过复合掺杂可以提高TiO2光阳极的光电转换效率,指出用导电聚合物代替染料敏化修饰纳米晶网络电极,已成为提高太阳能电池的稳定性和光电转换效率的研究热点。     

溶液pH值对Cu2O光电薄膜结构及性能影响的研究

用电沉积法在导电玻璃（SnO2：F）上制备了具有良好光电特性的Cu2O光电薄膜,系统地研究了电解质溶液的pH值对所制样品形貌结构以及光电性能的影响。实验结果显示不同pH下薄膜的优势生长面不同,样品结晶度随电沉积pH值的增加而提高,光电转换效率值也随pH的升高而增加,且当pH=12时制得的Cu2O薄膜综合性能最好,在400 nm处的光电转换效率达60%。     

量子点敏化太阳电池硫化铜复合对电极的研究进展

基于热载流子和多激子效应的新型低成本量子点敏化太阳电池(QDSSCs)的理论,光电转换效率高达66%。然而,目前QDSSCs的效率普遍维持在5%,远低于理论值。因此,对电极较低的催化活性和导电性是限制QDSSCs性能提升的主要原因。设计构筑具有高催化活性和导电性的新型对电极成为提高QDSSCs效率的关键。从增强对电极的催化活性和导电性的角度出发,分别阐述了5类硫化铜复合对电极与QDSSCs效率之间的影响关系,明确了复合对电极的构筑及性能优化是今后提升QDSSCs效率的一个关键研究方向。     

多壁碳纳米管对太阳能电池光阳极微裂纹的优化和性能的影响

在量子点敏化太阳能电池(QDSCs)中,多孔二氧化钛(TiO2)光阳极薄膜在烧结过程中会产生很多微小裂纹,影响电子传输,导致太阳能电池性能下降。利用多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)独特的管状结构和良好的导电性能来优化TiO2光阳极薄膜内部的微裂纹,探究了不同质量分数(0%、0.01%、0.05%、0.10%、0.50%)的MWCNTs对量子点敏化太阳能电池MWCNTs/TiO2复合光阳极性能的影响。对光阳极进行物相及微观形貌分析表明:加入适量的MWCNTs可以与TiO2纳米颗粒均匀混合,并且MWCNTs贯穿了光阳极薄膜表面的微裂纹。但是过多的MWCNTs会聚集成团,引入大量缺陷。采用连续离子层沉积法在以上的光阳极表面沉积硫化镉(Cd S)量子点和硫化锌(ZnS)量子点阻隔层,以硫化铜(Cu S)为对电极,多硫电解液为电解质组装电池试样,测量其伏安特性(J-V)曲线。结果表明:添加0.05%MWCNTs的TiO2光阳极电池的光电性能最优,其开路电压和短路电流密度分别可达0.65 V和11.51 mA/cm2,与未添加MWCNTs的光阳极电池相比,分别提高了16.1%和58.3%,其光电转化效率可达3.14%,提高了72.2%。     

聚苯胺复合对电极的制备及其在太阳能电池中的应用

通过化学浴制备粉末聚苯胺,并将NiO、Co_3O_4粉末和聚苯胺粉末混合制备聚苯胺与镍、钴的氧化物的复合对电极,通过X-射线粉末衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)等表征测试手段对复合对电极的表观形貌进行表征,对复合对电极进行了CV、EIS、Tafel、J-V等电化学性能测试,探究了复合电极作为I-/I3-液态电解质DSSC对电极的催化性能。结果表明:NiO/PANI对应DSSC光电转换效率最高(7.38%),Co_3O_4/PANI对应DSSC光电转换效率7.23%,比单一聚苯胺DSSC光电转换效率(6.97%)高,证明了复合电极催化效果要比单一聚苯胺电极具有更优异性能。     

Low-Cost Flexible Nano-Sulfide/Carbon Composite Counter Electrode for Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cell

Cu₂S nanocrystal particles were in situ deposited on graphite paper to prepare nano-sulfide/carbon composite counter electrode for CdS/CdSe quantum-dot-sensitized solar cell (QDSC). By optimization of deposition time, photovoltaic conversion efficiency up to 3.08% was obtained. In the meantime, this composite counter electrode was superior to the commonly used Pt, Au and carbon counter electrodes. Electrochemical impedance spectra further confirmed that low charge transfer resistance at counter electrode/electrolyte interface was responsible for this, implied the potential application of this composite counter electrode in high-efficiency QDSC.     

N-Ion-implanted TiO2 photoanodes in quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

Hierarchical nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) clumps were fabricated using electrostatic spray with subsequent nitrogen-ion doping by an ion-implantation technique for improvement of energy conversion efficiency for quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). CdSe quantum dots were directly assembled on the produced N-ion-implanted TiO(2) photoanodes by chemical bath deposition, and their photovoltaic performance was evaluated in a polysulfide electrolyte with a Pt counter electrode. We found that the photovoltaic performance of TiO(2) electrodes was improved by nearly 145% upon N-ion implantation. The efficiency improvement seems to be due to (1) the enhancement of electron transport through the TiO(2) layer by inter-particle necking of primary TiO(2) particles and (2) an increase in the recombination resistance at TiO(2)/QD/electrolyte interfaces by healing the surface states or managing the oxygen vacancies upon N-ion doping. Therefore, N-ion-doped photoanodes offer a viable pathway to develop more efficient QD or dye-sensitized solar cells.     

One- and two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials as counter electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells

This study examines the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) equipped with 1-D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and 2-D graphene nanosheets (GNs) carbon counter electrodes. Imperfect defects were attached to the sidewall or both the ends of the CNTs, and the edges of the GNs were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. When compared with the GN-based counter electrode, CNT-based counter electrodes showed a better improvement in the incident photon-to-current efficiency and power conversion efficiency of the cells. This enhancement of cell performance can be attributed to the combination of CNT network and spherical graphite bottom layer, favoring dye adsorption, catalytic redox activity, and 1-D charge-transfer path length. Such carbon configuration as counter electrode provides a potential feasibility for replacing metallic Pt counter electrodes.     

Improved photocurrent of a poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-ClO₄⁻/TiO₂ thin film-modified counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

We prepared a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)-ClO??-supported TiO? thin-film electrode as a counter electrode on a transparent conductive oxide glass electrode for a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) using a combination of sol-gel and electropolymerization methods. The photocurrent-voltage characteristics indicate that DSSCs with PEDOT-ClO??/TiO? thin-film counter electrodes had a high photovoltaic conversion efficiency similar to that of PEDOT-ClO??/TiO? particle composite-film electrodes. Furthermore, it was found that the photocurrent was increased by attaching a reflector to the opposite side of the transparent counter electrode.     

Improved conversion efficiency of Ag2S quantum dot-sensitized solar cells based on TiO2 nanotubes with a ZnO recombination barrier layer

We improve the conversion efficiency of Ag2S quantum dot (QD)-sensitized TiO2 nanotube-array electrodes by chemically depositing ZnO recombination barrier layer on plain TiO2 nanotube-array electrodes. The optical properties, structural properties, compositional analysis, and photoelectrochemistry properties of prepared electrodes have been investigated. It is found that for the prepared electrodes, with increasing the cycles of Ag2S deposition, the photocurrent density and the conversion efficiency increase. In addition, as compared to the Ag2S QD-sensitized TiO2 nanotube-array electrode without the ZnO layers, the conversion efficiency of the electrode with the ZnO layers increases significantly due to the formation of efficient recombination layer between the TiO2 nanotube array and electrolyte.     

High‐performing dye‐sensitized solar cells based on reduced graphene oxide/PEDOT‐PSS counter electrodes with sulfuric acid post‐treatment

Four kinds of counter electrodes are prepared with polystyrene‐sulfonate doped poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT‐PSS) as basic material, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets as additives and H₂SO₄ as treating agent. The cyclic voltammetry and Tafel polarization are measured to evaluate catalytic activity of these counter electrodes for /I^? redox couple. It is found that H₂SO₄ treated rGO and PEDOT‐PSS hybrid counter electrode (S/rGO/PEDOT‐PSS counter electrode) has the highest catalytic activity among these counter electrodes. Power conversion efficiency of the dye‐sensitized solar cell with S/rGO/PEDOT‐PSS counter electrode can attain to 7.065%, distinctly higher than that of the cells with the other three ones, owing to the great enhanced fill factor and short‐circuit current density. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42648.     

Graphene aerogels as a highly efficient counter electrode material for dye-sensitized solar cells

Graphene aerogels (GAs) prepared with an organic sol–gel process, possessing a high specific surface area of 814 m²/g and a high electric conductivity of 850 S/m, are applied as a counter electrode material for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The performance of the GA as the counter electrode material is found to be dependent on its film thickness, with thicker films offering more surface areas for the involved catalytic reduction reaction but at the same time increasing the charge and mass transport resistances. At an optimum GA film thickness of 4.9 μm, a power conversion efficiency of 96% of that achieved with a Pt counter electrode based DSSC is obtained. In addition, a thinner GA film of 1.7 μm, when loaded with Pt of 1 mol% through a photo-reduction process, achieves a power conversion efficiency of 98% of that obtained with a Pt counter electrode based DSSC. The excellent performances of the GA-based counter electrodes are manifested with electrochemical impedance analyses and cyclic voltammetry based catalytic activity analyses.     

Electrodeposited Pt for cost-efficient and flexible dye-sensitized solar cells

Pt electrodes were prepared by direct and pulse current electrodeposition for use as counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images confirmed the formation of uniform Pt nanoclusters of ∼40 nm composed of 3 nm nanoparticles, when the pulse current electrodeposition method was used, as opposed to the dendritic growth of Pt by the results from direct current electrodeposition. By applying pulse electrodeposited Pt which has a 1.86 times higher surface area compared to direct current electrodeposited Pt, short-circuit current and conversion efficiency were increased from 10.34 to 14.11 mA/cm² and from 3.68 to 5.03%, respectively. In addition, a flexible solar cell with a pulse current electrodeposited Pt counter electrode with a conversion efficiency of 0.86% was demonstrated.     

Growth of three-dimensional ZnO nanorods by electrochemical method for quantum dots-sensitized solar cells

There-dimensional (3D) superstructure was expected to fabricate high performance photoelectrodes of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs). In this paper, the ZnO 3D superstructure with multi-layer structure (3D ZnO nanorods) was grown on ITO glass by a novel electrochemical method at low temperature (60–90 °C). The 3D ZnO nanorods were composed of close-packed ZnO nanorod bundles with wide dimension distribution ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several micrometers. The effects of some important parameters, such as concentration of Zn(NO₃)₂, deposition temperature and concentration of ZnO nanoparticles (served as growth seeds for ZnO nanorods), on the morphology of 3D ZnO nanorods were also studied by scanning electron microscopy. Once being applied in QDSCs, the 3D ZnO nanorods showed more superior photoelectrochemical performance to ZnO nanorod array. The conversion efficiency of 1.42% achieved by the QDSC based on 3D ZnO nanorods was a very promising value for the QDSCs based on ZnO electrodes.