安全访问控制的XML关键字检索

XML(extensive makeup language)的关键字检索简单易用,用户不必了解数据库的模式,受到人们的广泛关注。当前的相关研究主要集中于关键字检索的算法以及返回结果的组织和排序,却忽视了其中的安全性问题。结合XML关键字搜索和XML安全控制,研究了基于安全访问控制的XML关键字检索技术。在XML关键字的最小最低公共祖先(smallest lowest common ancestors,SLCA)和基于视图的安全访问控制规则的基础上,确定基于安全访问控制规则的XML关键字检索结果;建立基于安全视图的关键字索引,以及在此基础上的关键字检索算法。实验表明,为了满足安全访问控制规则,该算法虽然需要额外的时间开销但总体上是高效的。     

一种基于XML文档关键字检索的结构索引

XML数据索引对其检索效率有较大的影响。在深入分析现有XMI、结构索引之后,结合XML文档特点,提出了一种基于关键字检索的结构索引--LSS(Level Structure Summary) . LSS采用了把具有相同标签路径的结点进行合并的策略,具有高效判断结点之间同构异构关系的能力。实现了LSS索引生成算法CSCAN,并在LSS索引的基础上设计了XML关键字检索算法LSSearch。该算法依据LSS索引,将各个关键字的原始倒排表集合分拆成不同类型的子集合,最后在所有子集合上进行查询。实验结果表明,LSS可以帮助减少XML文档中关键字倒排表的规模,提高检索效率。     

基于关键字密度的XML关键字检索

关键字检索具有友好的用户操作体验,该检索方式已在文本信息检索领域得到了广泛而深入的应用.对XML数据采用关键字检索是目前研究的热点.基于查询语义的XML关键字检索方法存在返回大量与用户查询意图无关的查询片段或者丢失符合用户查询意图的片段这两个问题.针对这些问题,在考虑LCA横向和纵向两个维度的基础上,提出了用户查询意图与LCA相关性的两个规则,根据两个规则定义了LCA的边密度和路径密度,建立了综合的LCA节点评分公式,最后设计TopLCA-K算法对LCA进行排名,并利用中心位置索引CI提高了TopLCA-K算法的效率.实验结果显示,利用所提出的方法返回的查询节点更加符合用户需求.     

基于倒排索引的SLCA查询语义短路算法

本文分析了SLCA查询语义处理算法,建立了XML查询关键字的倒排索引,然后对SLCA算法进行了改进,设计了短路算法SA(Shorted Algorithm),SA算法在搜索SLCA过程中根据XML编码判断节点是否包含一个SLCA。实验结果显示,本文设计的短路算法与已有算法比较在查询质量方面接近,但具有较高的查询效率。     

基于结构摘要的XML关键字检索

基于最低最小公共祖先(SLCA)的XML关键字搜索语义,提出一种使用XML结构摘要(summary)对关键字进行索引的方法XKSS.XKSS索引方法通过避免重复存储大量XML树上的含义相同的节点,大幅度降低了索引的空间耗费,并提高了查询性能.基于XKSS建立的索引,提出一个算法SSB-SLCA来计算SLCA节点.实验表明,基于XKSS的关键字搜索方法能够更高效地寻找关键字的SLCA.     

基于扩展倒排索引的不确定XML关键字查询算法

现有的不确定XML关键字查询算法均需遍历不确定XML文档,并且算法在执行过程中需要频繁的字符串比较,造成时间浪费。针对上述问题,提出基于扩展倒排索引的不确定XML关键字查询算法Pr E。扩展倒排索引有效地存储了不确定XML文档中节点的相关信息,根据扩展倒排索引即可初始化动态哈希表和序号编码链表,并且Pr E算法在执行过程中利用整数的比较代替了字符串的比较。理论分析与实验结果表明,Pr E算法是一种高效的不确定XML关键字查询算法。     

一种基于Schema的XML索引结构

XML Schema作为一种描述XML文档模式信息即结构信息的标准，对于XML索引的建立及查询效率的提高有着重要的作用。现有的大部分XML索引结构着重研究XML文档的结构查询，而对于XML文档的更新支持却不多，对无效查询也不能作出快速的判断。该文基于已有的XML文档的编码方式，提出了一种基于Schema的XML索引结构，不仅能支持基于有效性验证的动态更新，使得XML文档和XML Schema保持一致，而且对用户提出的无效的路径查询也能在较短时间内作出判断。     

概率XML文档Top-k关键字并行检索算法

概率XMI、是描述不确定数据的有效方式,Dcwcy编码是一种重要的XMI、文档关键字索引编码技术。在概率XML大文档关键字索引检索过程中,频繁地比较关键字索引Dewey编码非常耗时。针对上述问题,对概率XML文档进行分区,并设计了适合概率XML文档特点的关键字索引的Dewey编码策略,提出了一种概率XML文档Top-k关键字并行检索算法PTKS(Parallcl Top-k Keyword Scarch Algorithm)。实验证明,P"I'KS提高了概率XM工文档关键字检索的时间效率,尤其在文档结构复杂度高的情况下检索效率提高更加显著。     

一种基于关键字的XML文档查询算法

对XML文档查询的常用方法有两种：一种是使用查询语言;另一种是使用关键字,而使用关键字查询XML文档比使用查询语言更为简单方便。给出了一种使用关键字查询XML文档的索引查找算法。该算法只需要扫描一次关键字对应的编码列,就可以找到需要的编码,提高了查询效率。实验表明该算法是可行的和有效的。     

基于本体的工程数据关键字检索和排序方法

工程数据大量存在于现代生产制造企业。传统工程数据上沿用的关键字查询方法具有难以处理各种异构文档、无法识别关键字在工程领域的语义等缺陷。针对此,提出一种新的工程数据关键字检索方法。该方法先通过建立代表工程数据的本体,对各种异构的工程文档用适合的工具提取文本信息,建立XML快照。XML快照为索引关键字标注了相对应的本体概念。检索框架首先将用户的查询关键字匹配到本体的概念上,在匹配的过程中,提出一种算法消减关键字的语义混淆。在此基础上,提出一种排序模型,该模型对符合查询的XML快照进行打分排序,打分着重考虑了快照在语义上满足关键字查询的程度。检索框架最后排序并返回快照对应的原始文档给用户,使异构的工程数据文档能被统一处理和查询。该方法在工程数据上的检索结果查全率、查准率高,检索结果排序合理,能适用于实际企业中的大量工程数据文档,解决了传统工程数据检索的不足。实验使用了实际数据集,验证说明了该方法的实际有效性和性能上的高效性。     

XML数据库的安全查询处理

当今XML数据库查询系统必须处理快速增长的数据量和大量的用户,如果使用细粒度级别的访问控制保护敏感XML数据,则查询效率会较低,因为当用户视图需要计算得出时,很难对XML文档的每个节点实施访问控制。提出一个安全的XML查询方案,它使用缓存存储查询结果和安全信息。用户查询重写为安全的系统查询,依据缓存是否命中,决定在缓存还是源XML文档上执行得到查询结果;提出一个新的缓存替换策略LSL,它基于安全级别对缓存更新。实验结果表明,该方案能显著地改进查询系统性能。     

Keyword query with structure: towards semantic scoring of XML search results

Keyword search is an effective paradigm for information discovery and has been introduced recently to query XML documents. Scoring of XML search results is an important issue in XML keyword search. Traditional “bag-of-words” model cannot differentiate the roles of keywords as well as the relationship between keywords, thus is not proper for XML keyword queries. In this paper, we present a new scoring method based on a novel query model, called keyword query with structure (QWS), which is specially designed for XML keyword query. The method is based on a totally new view taken by the QWS model on a keyword query that, a keyword query is a composition of several query units, each representing a query condition. We believe that this method captures the semantic relevance of the search results. The paper first introduces an algorithm reformulating a keyword query to a QWS. Then, a scoring method is presented which measures the relevance of search results according to how many and how well the query conditions are matched. The scoring method is also extended to clusters of search results. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of our methods.     

无配对公钥认证可搜索加密方案

随着云计算与5G通信的快速发展与广泛应用,云移动用户数迅速增长.云数据的隐私性保护越来越受大众关注.早期提出的带关键字搜索的公钥加密方案(public key encryption scheme with keyword search, PEKS)和公共通道带关键字搜索的公钥加密方案(secure channel free PEKS, SCF-PEKS)允许系统中的任何用户向服务器发送加密文件供接收者检索,起到一定的隐私保护作用.但之后Rhee等人的工作中发现方案仍存在关键词隐私性安全不足.同时,多数的公钥可搜索加密方案是基于双线性对下计算的.在运算能力有限的设备上应用,其计算效率会有所限制.针对以上问题,提出一种非双线性对运算的公共通道的公钥认证可搜索加密方案(non bilinear pairs secure channel free public key authentication encryption with keyword search scheme, NBP-SCF-PAEKS),该方案的计算效率相对于双线性对方案高,并且在关键词检索过程具有访问控制功能.在不使用随机预言机模型下,通过Game-Hopping方法证明方案满足适应性选择关键词攻击下多关键词密文不可区分性以及适应性选择关键词攻击的陷门不可区分性,使得方案模型抵抗在线模式下外部攻击者关键词猜测攻击和离线模式下内部攻击者关键词猜测攻击.根据方案设计进行仿真实验,结果表明：该方案相对于其他方案是高效安全的.     

MapReduce Implementation of an Improved Xml Keyword Search Algorithm

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is commonly employed to represent and transmit information over the Internet. Therefore, how to effectively search for keywords of massive XML data becomes a new issue. In this paper, we first present four properties to improve the classical ILE algorithm. Then, a kind of parallel XML keyword search algorithm, based on intelligent grouping to calculate SLCA, is proposed and realized under MapReduce programming model. At last, a series of experiments are implemented on 7 datasets of different sizes. The obtained results indicate that the proposed algorithm has high execution efficiency and is applicable to keyword search of massive XML data.     

A Semantic Cache Framework for Secure XML Queries

Secure XML query answering to protect data privacy and semantic cache to speed up XML query answering are two hot spots in current research areas of XML database systems. While both issues are explored respectively in depth,they have not been studied together,that is,the problem of semantic cache for secure XML query answering has not been addressed yet. In this paper,we present an interesting joint of these two aspects and propose an efficient framework of semantic cache for secure XML query answering,which can improve the performance of XML database systems under secure circumstances. Our framework combines access control,user privilege management over XML data and the state-of-the-art semantic XML query cache techniques,to ensure that data are presented only to authorized users in an efficient way. To the best of our knowledge,the approach we propose here is among the first beneficial efforts in a novel perspective of combining caching and security for XML database to improve system performance. The efficiency of our framework is verified by comprehensive experiments.     

利用RBAC实现对XML文档的安全访问控制

XUL日益成为互联网和局域网内数据交换的格式，对XML的访问控制成为越来越受关注的课题。XML表示的信息可能包含不同程度的敏感性数据，不同的用户对这些信息的访问权限是不同的。基于角色的访问控制是一种灵活、高效的访问控制方法，它通过角色把用户和权限相联系，极大降低了授权的复杂性。文中从角色、角色继承、授权等方面分析了如何利用RBAC实现对XML文档的安全访问控制。对XML的授权可以定义在schema,instance甚至元素和属性级别上，从而实现了对XML文档灵活的、多粒度的访问控制。     

Keyword proximity search in XML trees

Recent works have shown the benefits of keyword proximity search in querying XML documents in addition to text documents. For example, given query keywords over Shakespeare's plays in XML, the user might be interested in knowing how the keywords cooccur. In this paper, we focus on XML trees and define XML keyword, proximity queries to return the (possibly heterogeneous) set of minimum connecting trees (MCTs) of the matches to the individual keywords in the query. We consider efficiently executing keyword proximity queries on labeled trees (XML) in various settings: 1) when the XML database has been preprocessed and 2) when no indices are available on the XML database. We perform a detailed experimental evaluation to study the benefits of our approach and show that our algorithms considerably outperform prior algorithms and other applicable approaches.     

Design of access control system for telemedicine secure XML documents

XML can supply the standard data type in information exchange format on a lot of data generated in running database or applied programs for a company by using the advantage that it can describe meaningful information directly. Accordingly since there are increasing needs for the efficient management and telemedicine security of the massive volume of XML data, it is necessary to develop a secure access control mechanism for XML. The existing access control has not taken information structures and semantics into full consideration due to the fundamental limitations of HTML. In addition, access control for XML documents allows read operations only, and there are problems of slowing down the system performance due to the complex authorization evaluation process. To resolve this problem, this paper designs and builds a XACS (XML Access Control System), which is capable of making fined-grained access control. This only provides data corresponding to its users’ authority levels by authorizing them to access only the specific items of XML documents when they are searching XML documents in telemedicine. To accomplish this, XACS eliminates certain parts of the documents that are inaccessible and transmits the parts accessible depending on the users’ authority levels. In addition, it can be expanded to existing web servers because XML documents are used based on the normal web sites. The telemedicine secure and the guidelines are provided to enable quick and precise understanding of the information, and thus the safety enhancement gets improved. Ultimately, this paper suggests an empirical telemedicine application to confirm the adequacy and validity using the proposed method.     

Object-stack: An object-oriented approach for top-k keyword querying over fuzzy XML

Keyword search is the most popular technique of searching information from XML (eXtensible markup language) document. It enables users to easily access XML data without learning the structure query language or studying the complex data schemas. Existing traditional keyword query methods are mainly based on LCA (lowest common ancestor) semantics, in which the returned results match all keywords at the granularity of elements. In many practical applications, information is often uncertain and vague. As a result, how to identify useful information from fuzzy data is becoming an important research topic. In this paper, we focus on the issue of keyword querying on fuzzy XML data at the granularity of objects. By introducing the concept of “object tree”, we propose the query semantics for keyword query at object-level. We find the minimum whole matching result object trees which contain all keywords and the partial matching result object trees which contain partial keywords, and return the root nodes of these result object trees as query results. For effectively and accurately identifying the top-K answers with the highest scores, we propose a score mechanism with the consideration of tf*idf document relevance, users’ preference and possibilities of results. We propose a stack-based algorithm named object-stack to obtain the top-K answers with the highest scores. Experimental results show that the object-stack algorithm outperforms the traditional XML keyword query algorithms significantly, and it can get high quality of query results with high search efficiency on the fuzzy XML document.