RoboCup比赛机器人集成化技术初探

RoboCup比赛要求机器人必须具备自主性、高效性、协作性和智能性。本文提出了集成化的比赛用机器人设计方案。本方案在AS-R机器人的基础上扩展了硬件设备,提出了系统化、模块化的软件系统架构,并在此系统框架下设计了一系列策略和智能算法。     

基于ROS户外移动机器人软件系统构建

在机器人功能日益复杂的情况下,如何简单快速地为机器人构建所需的软件系统是一个值得探讨的问题.本文首先分析了机器人软件系统开发过程中面临的问题并介绍了机器人操作系统（Robot Operating System,ROS）这一软件平台的基本概况、基本概念和主要特点,然后基于ROS为本实验室研制的四轮户外移动机器人构建了一套软件系统,实现了移动机器人的底层驱动控制、远程遥控、识别可通行区域等功能.该软件系统充分展示了利用ROS软件平台构建机器人软件系统的灵活性、易用性和功能丰富等特点.     

RoboCup中型组机器人足球相关技术研究

机器人足球世界杯比赛（RoboCup）作为多智能体系统的一个良好的实验平台,已经成为人工智能的研究热点。本文综述了RoboCup机器人足球赛的发展概况和中型组比赛的现状,针对中型组足球机器人基于动态目标驱动模型的系统化、模块化软件系统架构和相关关键技术进行较为详细的分析和比较,最后对中型组机器人足球未来的发展方向进行了分析和展望。     

机器人施釉系统主控软件

文章介绍了机器人施釉主控软件系统的设计与实现。主控软件系统采用了多线程,闭环反馈控制,视觉伺服,三维仿真监控等技术,实现了对机器人施釉系统的控制。测试表明,所设计的主控软件系统满足设计要求。     

Kinect与Darwin机器人的联合调试与仿真平台的设计与实现

机器人模仿学习是机器人技术的重要研究方向之一。针对机器人动作模仿学习,设计了Kinect和Darwin-OP2机器人的联合调试与仿真平台。该平台主要包括图像采集模块、运动控制模块和3D模型仿真模块,具有人体姿态解算、机器人实时状态监控及姿态仿真、与下位机网络通信及远程实时跟踪控制等功能。测试结果显示,该平台响应迅速、网络通信机制稳定、交互界面友好,能较好地实现机器人动作模仿学习。     

基于Qrobot机器人的彩票服务软件系统

在Qrobot机器人已有的软件系统基础上,开发出了独立的彩票服务程序．在标准化的Windows操作环境下,以对象类别扩充组件的方式提供独立的,便捷的人机交互界面．通过触控和声控技术和与机器人互动,使Qrobot机器人获知所需查询的彩票类别．利用Web信息提取技术从指定网页中提取出彩票的中奖号码等相关信息,利用云端语音识别使机器人读出网页提取出的彩票信息,并能将中奖号码信息显示在操作界面上．所开发的软件操作系统具有良好的扩展性,基于同样的思想,还可以进一步为机器人添加其它网络功能．     

基于认知模型的室内移动服务机器人人机耦合协同作业机制

针对老年人和残疾人这类特殊用户群体与服务机器人构成的人机智能系统,提出了基于ACT-R(理性思维的适应性控制)认知架构模型的室内移动服务机器人人机耦合协同作业机制.基于ACT-R认知架构对人机一体化室内移动服务机器人人机协同作业系统进行了总体设计,利用简单自然的人机效应通道,设计了基于ACT-R认知架构的人机耦合界面;通过人-机-环境空间感知耦合,提出并建立了室内移动服务机器人人机一体化协同决策作业机制.最后在室内环境下进行移动服务机器人人机协同作业实验,系统安全高效地完成了作业任务,验证了该机制的有效性.     

基于LSOA的机器人控制系统设计方法

提出一种面向服务的架构,应用于机器人控制系统,设计了一个以服务总线为中心的控制模式,提供简易的组件整合机制,实现服务的即插即用;此架构可提高控制系统的灵活性、可重构性、系统柔性等性能;基于此架构开发了一套基于二进制消息的交互机制,并对服务总线进行了轻量化设计,解决了传统SOA架构应用到控制系统导致的响应速度慢、系统庞大等特点,提高了系统的实时性。     

LabVIEW平台下的测试仪软件系统设计与实现

图形化编程语言LabVIEW是测量测控行业内一种功能强大的开发平台。文章阐述了基于LabVIEW7．1平台开发实现的测试仪软件系统,介绍了该软件系统架构的设计以及实现方法。文中以两个界面的设计为例,介绍了实际开发过程中运用到的关键编程技术及技巧。重点介绍了使用Report Generaltion toolkit进行报表生成的方法。     

基于CoDeSys平台的六自由度工业机器人运动控制器设计

针对ER50六自由度工业机器人,基于CoDeSys软件平台开发了一款机器人运动控制器。采用ARM+CoDeSys架构和PLCopen规范进行六自由度工业机器人控制系统软件开发以及人机交互界面设计。首先根据D-H参数对ER50机器人进行运动学建模,并在此基础上封装ER50机器人正逆运动学功能块;然后对控制器的示教模块、点动模块以及在线编程模块进行软件开发并设计各个模块的人机交互界面。在ER50机器人上实现了运动控制器在线示教、点动以及在线编程等功能;最后通过直线和圆弧轨迹跟踪实验验证了运动控制器设计的有效性。     

嵌入式智能机器人平台研究

针对传统工业机器人采用的封闭式结构的局限性,在Windows CE.NET系统基础上,通过剪裁定制,去除冗余的功能,搭建嵌入式智能机器人平台．该智能机器人系统具有移动机器人需要的主要感知模块,并有丰富的运动控制接口及驱动模块．同时,设计了多传感器数据融合、轨迹规划、运动控制、无线网络通信、图形人机界面等智能机器人的测试软件和应用模块．该智能机器人平台具有模块化、易扩展、可移植、可定制、硬件体积小、功耗低、实时性强、可靠性高等优点．     

HERO型移动机器人控制器的研制和开发

本文介绍了以高档PC、PLC和无线通信作为控制器核心的HERO型移动机器人控制器的 研究开发技术．给出了移动机器人控制器硬件系统结构和控制器软件体系结构,分析介绍了 控制软件系统中的各功能模块的作用与特点,着重介绍了软件中采用的关键技术．已投入使 用的机器人的良好性能证明了其控制器技术方案的合理性．     

Sharing control [multiple miniature robots]

Presents a framework for the operation and coordination of multiple miniature robots. Simple teleoperation can be useful in many situations, but the operator's attention must be completely dedicated to controlling the robot. This may be difficult when the task requires the use of multiple robots. This article introduces a layered system that has been developed to facilitate multimodal control. This system includes user interfaces (UI) for teleoperation clients and robust sensor interpretation algorithms for autonomous control clients. A distributed software control architecture dynamically coordinates hardware resources and shares them between the various clients, allowing for simultaneous control of multiple robots.     

Integration of humanoid robots in collaborative working environment: a case study on motion generation

This paper illustrates through a practical example an integration of a humanoid robotic architecture, with an open-platform collaborative working environment called BSCW (Be Smart-Cooperate Worldwide). BSCW is primarily designed to advocate a futuristic shared workspace system for humans. We exemplify how a complex robotic system (such as a humanoid robot) can be integrated as a proactive collaborative agent which provides services and interacts with other agents sharing the same collaborative environment workspace. Indeed, the robot is seen as a ‘user’ of the BSCW which is able to handle simple tasks and reports on their achievement status. We emphasis on the importance of using standard software such as CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) in order to easily build interfaces between several interacting complex software layers, namely from real-time constraints up to basic Internet data exchange.     

型材划线切割机器人系统的控制与接口技术

本文介绍了一个新型的自动划线切割系统：基于离 线编程的型材划线切割机器人系统。系统主要特点：模块化设计、充分利用计算机接口、离 线编程在线控制、自动编排加工顺序、机器人函数的远程过程调用。该系统的成功研制,对 工业机器人工作站的设计和研究具有实用的参考价值．     

Development of an Autonomous Quadruped Robot for Robot Entertainment

In this paper, we present Robot Entertainment as a new field of the entertainment industry using autonomous robots. For feasibility studies of Robot Entertainment, we have developed an autonomous quadruped robot, named MUTANT, as a pet-type robot. It has four legs, each of which has three degree-of-freedom, and a head which also has three degree-of-freedom. Micro camera, stereo microphone, touch sensors, and other sensor systems are coupled with newly developed behavior generation system, which has emotion module as its major components, and generates high complex and interactive behaviors. Agent architecture, real-world recognition technologies, software component technology, and some dedicated devices such as Micro Camera Unit, were developed and tested for this purpose. From the lessons learned from the development of MUTANT, we refined the design concept of MUTANT to derive requirements for a general architecture and a set of interfaces of robot systems for entertainment applications. Through these feasibility studies, we consider entertainment applications a significant target at this moment from both scientific and engineering points of view.     

Tri-tier Immune System in Anti-virus and Software Fault Diagnosis of Mobile Immune Robot Based on Normal Model

In this paper, anti-virus problem and software fault diagnosis of mobile robot, an immune robot, is discussed with proposal of a novel tri-tier immune system (TTIS). TTIS is a novel artificial immune system, which is comprised of three computing tiers and based on the normal model. The three tiers include inherent immune tier, adaptive immune tier and parallel immune tier. The tri-tier immune model is built on some theories of human immune system and has many good features, such as adaptability, immunity, memory, learning, and robustness. At the same time, for such immune robot, a novel normal model for the robot software is also proposed. The normal model is built on the space–time properties of each component in the robot software and can uniquely identify the normal state of the robot software. Such tri-tier immune system based on the normal model is suitable for anti-virus and fault diagnosis, which enable the immune robot to detect all viruses and faults in the robot software, recognize many viruses and faults, eliminate the viruses and faults, and repair the damaged robot software to its normal state. Meanwhile, simulation results show that the tri-tier immune system has the properties of immunity, security and robustness.     

开放式三自由度全方位移动机器人实验平台

随着机器人应用的不断发展，移动机器人逐渐成为一个十分活跃的分支，尤其是移 动机器人作为自主智能控制的实验平台，对其控制系统的开放性提出了越来越高的要求．本 文就我们自行设计的面向用户的移动机器人硬件系统和相应的软件平台框架做一下较全面的 介绍，并着重分析软件控制系统的开放性．本系统作为开放的实验平台和教学机器人是适宜 的．     

Lessons learned from Xavier

We have been running an experiment in web-based interaction with an autonomous indoor mobile robot. The robot, called Xavier, can accept commands to travel to different offices in our building, broadcasting camera images as it travels. The experiment, which was originally designed to test a new navigation algorithm, has proven very successful. This article describes the autonomous robot system, the web-based interfaces, and how they communicate with the robot. It highlights lessons learned during this experiment in web-based robotics and includes recommendations for putting future mobile robots on the web     

Design and development of a semi‐autonomous agricultural vineyard sprayer: Human–robot interaction aspects

This article presents the design aspects and development processes to transform a general‐purpose mobile robotic platform into a semi‐autonomous agricultural robot sprayer focusing on user interfaces for teleoperation. The hardware and the software modules that must be installed onto the system are described, with particular emphasis on human–robot interaction. Details of the technology are given focusing on the user interface aspects. Two laboratory experiments and two studies in the field to evaluate the usability of the user interface provide evidence for the increased usability of a prototype robotic system. Specifically, the study aimed to empirically evaluate the type of target selection input device mouse and digital pen outperformed Wiimote in terms of usability. A field experiment evaluated the effect of three design factors: (a) type of screen output, (b) number of views, (c) type of robot control input device. Results showed that participants were significantly more effective but less efficient when they had multiple views, than when they had a single view. PC keyboard was also found to significantly outperform PS3 gamepad in terms of interaction efficiency and perceived usability. Heuristic evaluations of different user interfaces were also performed using research‐based HRI heuristics. Finally, a study on participants’ overall user experience found that the system was evaluated positively on the User Experience Questionnaire scales.