水平欠驱动机械臂的反步自适应滑模控制

针对二自由度水平欠驱动机械臂系统,提出了基于分层滑模控制思想的反步自适应滑模控制方法．该方法能够在不对系统状态模型进行复杂坐标变换,并且没有约束方程限制的前提下实现对欠驱动系统的反馈滑模控制．仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性,而且优化后的控制器具有较好的适应性和控制效果．     

基于遗传算法的欠驱动机械臂优化控制研究

欠驱动系统是一类控制器少于系统自由度的二阶非完整系统。提出一种基于遗传算法优化的摇起控制器设计。该控制器主要用于控制Acrobot系统的摇起运动。首先运用部分反馈线性化的状态反馈控制设计摇起控制器,然后利用遗传算法对摇起控制器的三个参数进行在线自调整优化,以确保Acrobot摇起的动态性能达到最优化,为平滑而稳定地切换到平衡控制器提供保障。计算机仿真结果显示,该方法能大大缩短系统摇起到进入平衡状态的时间,并具有良好的动态性能。     

PPR型平面欠驱动机械臂的点位控制

研究了PPR型平面欠驱动机械臂(第1个关节和第2个关节是移动关节且是受控的,第3个关节为被动的转动关节)在水平面运动的点位控制问题.首先,通过输入和坐标变换方法,系统的动力学方程被变换成二阶链式形式.其次,提出用反步法推导出保证系统指数渐近稳定的控制器.仿真结果表明,机械臂能够稳定地从任意初始位置运动到任意给定的位置,从而证明了控制器设计的有效性.     

基于轨迹规划的平面三连杆欠驱动机械臂位置控制

针对中间关节为欠驱动的二阶非完整平面三连杆机械臂,提出一种基于轨迹规划的末端点位置控制策略.首先,建立系统的动力学模型,并根据几何关系利用差分进化算法求取所有连杆与目标位置相对应的目标角度;然后,根据驱动关节与欠驱动关节的耦合关系,采用时间缩放法和双向法分别规划两根驱动连杆的两条轨迹,并利用遗传算法优化合适的第1连杆中间位置,将两条轨迹拼接成一条完整可达轨迹;最后,设计滑模变结构控制器以跟踪完整可达轨迹,实现系统从初始位置到目标位置的控制目标.数值仿真结果表明了所提出控制策略的有效性.     

基于T-S模糊的欠驱动机械臂的平衡控制

针对欠驱动机械臂平衡控制精度低,鲁棒性差,抗干扰空间狭窄,起摆成功率低等问题,提出了一种基于T-S模糊结构和线性调节理论的欠驱动机械臂平衡控制策略,并实现了一种新的起摆-平衡控制方式.首先将系统设定的状态空间分为若干个模糊子空间,通过线性二次型最优理论和线性调节理论,在每个模糊子空间建立局部控制器,保证系统在每个局部子空间中平衡,并最终收敛于给定平衡点,然后使用隶属函数平滑的将各个局部控制器连接起来,最终得到非线性控制对象的模糊平衡控制器,实现了欠驱动机械臂在任意给定点的平衡控制.实验结果表明,所提出的控制策略控制精度高,抗干扰范围大,鲁棒性强,起摆成功率高,并且易于实现,具有较高的推广和应用价值.     

具有性能约束的欠驱动系统分层滑模控制北大核心CSCD

针对具有性能约束的二阶欠驱动系统的跟踪控制问题,提出了自适应鲁棒滑模控制策略。首先,利用约束转化方程将带有状态性能约束的系统转化成无约束系统,通过引入预设性能方程可以同时保证系统的动态性能和稳态性能满足预设目标;然后,针对转化后的无约束系统设计了自适应分层滑模控制策略,并通过Lyapunov方法严格地证明了控制系统的稳定性并获得了自适应律;最后,通过小车倒立摆对比仿真实验证明了控制器的有效性和优越性。     

欠驱动惯性轮摆系统全局滑模控制

针对欠驱动惯性轮摆的镇定控制问题,本文提出了一种新型的滑模鲁棒控制策略,可在系统受到不确定性与外界干扰影响的情况下,实现全局渐近镇定控制.区别于现有方法,本文方法无需切换,且能将无驱动的摆杆摇起至竖直向上位置的同时,确保惯性轮回到初始位置.具体而言,首先对惯性轮摆系统的非线性模型进行非奇异坐标变换,将其变为类积分器形式.随后,根据转换后系统的形式,构造了一种新型的滑模面;经严格分析知,当系统状态处于该滑模面上时,它们将渐近收敛于平衡点.在此基础之上,设计了滑模控制律以确保系统状态始终处于该滑模面上,以实现镇定控制.最后,通过仿真验证了所提控制方法的有效性与鲁棒性,并与现有方法进行了对比.     

基于滑模控制的机械臂轨迹跟踪控制

针对多自由度机械臂轨迹跟踪存在的外部干扰和系统抖振问题,设计了一种干扰观测器结合滑模控制的轨迹跟踪方法.针对干扰问题,采用干扰观测器对系统的外部干扰进行观测;针对控制系统存在的抖振问题,设计滑模控制器进行补偿.采用二自由度机械臂为控制对象进行仿真实验,结果表明,该方法能有效克服外部扰动的同时,有效地削弱了系统抖振,提高...     

Control of underactuated robot manipulators using switching computed torque method: GA based approach

A new concept for controlling of underactuated robot manipulators is presented by using switching computed torque method. One fundamental feature of the present approach is to use the partly stable controllers (PSCs) in order to fulfill the ultimate control objective. Dynamic model of an underactuated robot system is directly analyzed to synthesize partly stable, computed torque controllers without performing rigorous linearizations or any other deformation methods to the original nonlinear system. Here, we use genetic algorithms (GAs) to employ the optimum control action for a given time frame with the available set of elemental controllers, depending on which links or state variables are controlled, i.e. the selection of optimum switching sequence of the control actions. Two underactuated robot manipulators are taken into consideration so as to illustrate the design procedure. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. This basic concept has led authors to explore a vast research area on controlling underactuated manipulators.     

Sliding mode control of a class of underactuated systems

A sliding mode control approach is proposed to stabilize a class of underactuated systems which are in cascaded form. This class of underactuated systems can represent many real applications after transformations. In the controller design, the sliding surface is designed to stabilize the indirectly controlled modes. Its insensitivity to the model errors, parametric uncertainties and other disturbances and its ability to globally stabilize the system are two advantages of the sliding mode controller.     

Inverse dynamics based robust control method for position commanded servo actuators in robot manipulators

In this paper, a simple torque to position conversion method is proposed for position commanded servo actuators used in robot manipulators. The torque to position conversion is based on the low level controller of the servomotor. The proposed conversion law is combined with a backstepping sliding mode control method to realize a robust dynamic controller. The proposed torque based method can control a servomotor which can otherwise be operated only through position inputs. This method facilitates dynamic control for position controlled servomotors and it can be extended to position commanded robotic manipulators also. Simulation and experimental studies are conducted to validate the proposed torque to position conversion based robust control method.     

Position synchronised control of multiple robotic manipulators based on integral sliding mode

In this study, a new position synchronised control algorithm is developed for multiple robotic manipulator systems. In the merit of system synchronisation and integral sliding mode control, the proposed approach can stabilise position tracking of each robotic manipulator while coordinating its motion with the other manipulators. With the integral sliding mode, the proposed approach has insensitiveness against the lumped system uncertainty within the entire process of operation. Further, a perturbation estimator is proposed to reduce chattering effect. The corresponding stability analysis is presented to lay a foundation for theoretical understanding to the underlying issues as well as safely operating real systems. An illustrative example is bench tested to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

机器人操作器的自适应模糊滑模控制器设计

针对机器人动力学系统提出了一种基于模糊逻辑的自适应模糊滑模控制方案.根据滑模控制原理并利用模糊系统的逼近能力设计控制器,基于李雅谱诺夫方法设计自适应律,证明了闭环模糊控制系统的稳定性和跟踪误差的收敛性.控制结构简单,不需要复杂的运算.该设计方案柔化了控制信号,减轻了一般滑模控制的抖振现象.仿真结果表明了所提控制策略的有效性.     

Cost–function analysis of optimizing fuzzy-energy regions in the control of underactuated manipulators

Underactuated manipulators have to be controlled by following the restriction that the number of actuators is less than the number of generalized coordinates, because they have some passive joints. In this article, we propose a logic-based switching mechanism using a fuzzy-energy region. Boundary curves to separate an error energy region into several energy subregions are constructed by fuzzy logic. Therefore, fuzzy related parameters are optimized by a genetic algorithm (GA). This method is applied to an underactuated system with a drift term, such as a 2-DOF planar manipulator that has only one active joint. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated with some simulations. This work was presented in part at the 10th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, February 4–6, 2005     

Decentralized adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control for reconfigurable modular manipulators

A stable decentralized adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control scheme is proposed for reconfigurable modular manipulators to satisfy the concept of modular software. For the development of the decentralized control, the dynamics of reconfigurable modular manipulators is represented as a set of interconnected subsystems. A first‐order Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy logic system is introduced to approximate the unknown dynamics of subsystem by using adaptive algorithm. The effect of interconnection term and fuzzy approximation error is removed by employing an adaptive sliding mode controller. All adaptive algorithms in the subsystem controller are derived from the sense of Lyapunov stability analysis, so that resulting closed‐loop system is stable and the trajectory tracking performance is guaranteed. The simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed decentralized control scheme. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

参数不确定柔性机械手的终端滑模控制

针对参数不确定双臂柔性机械手系统, 提出一种基于遗传算法的终端滑模控制方法, 以实现其末端控制.基于输出重定义方法, 通过输入输出线性化, 将系统分解为输入输出子系统和内部子系统. 设计终端滑模控制策略,使输入输出子系统有限时间内收敛到零, 内部子系统变为零动态子系统; 采用遗传算法优化零动态子系统参数, 使其在平衡点附近渐近稳定. 根据Lyapunov稳定性理论算出末端输出位移的误差范围. 仿真结果证明该方法有效性.     

Adaptive non-singular fast terminal sliding mode based on prescribed performance for robot manipulators

A fast convergent non-singular terminal sliding mode adaptive control law based on prescribed performance is formulated to solve the uncertainties and external disturbances of robot manipulators. First, the tracking error of robot manipulators is transformed by using the prescribed performance function, which improves the transient behaviors and steady-state accuracy of robot manipulators. Then, a novel fast convergent non-singular terminal sliding mode surface is brought up according to the transformed error, and the control law is derived to meet the stability requirements of robot manipulators. In practice, the upper boundary of the lumped disturbances cannot be accurately obtained. Therefore, an adaptive prescribed performance control (PPC) controller to lumped disturbances is brought up to ensure the stability and finite-time convergence of robot manipulators. Finally, the system stability of robot manipulators is proved by the Lyapunov theorem. Simulation results and comparative analysis demonstrate the superiority and robustness of the raised strategy.     

Fuzzy MTEJ controller with integrator for control of underactuated manipulators

This paper presents control of underactuated robot manipulators in task space utilizing novel algorithm called fuzzy modified transpose effective Jacobian (MTEJ) with integrator term which ensures tracking trajectory in task space with high-quality performance. Although non-model base MTEJ have been introduced before and evaluated for underactuated robots, this method has poor operation against non-linear factors in actuators and joints observed in practical tests like deadband, backlash or Coulomb damping. The contributions of this paper are in twofold. First, to introduce improved MTEJ algorithm with additional integrator term that is efficient to eliminate effects of mentioned factors or other source of steady state error (SSE). Second, using new fuzzy rules to manage its terms to stabilize system with better control properties, the controller is used to make the endeffector to both track a predefined trajectory or set on an exact point. Global stabilization of this control method is proved. Simulation and experimental results are offered which compared tracking performance of the improved fuzzy MTEJ with integrator to other methods for both tracking and point to point (P.T.P) control. Outcomes of these experiments reveal privileges of using fuzzy improved MTEJ in various areas like removing SSE with better control characteristics and low computational efforts.