基于LCD降噪和VPMCD的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

提出了一种基于局部特征尺度分解(LCD)降噪和多变量预测模型(VPMCD)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法首先采用LCD对滚动轴承振动信号进行降噪;然后计算降噪后信号在不同维数下的模糊熵,并以模糊熵为特征值,采用VPMCD方法建立模糊熵的预测模型;最后用所建立的模型来预测待分类样本的特征值,把预测结果作为分类依据进行模式识别。实验分析结果表明,采用LCD方法降噪可以有效地提高VPMCD的分类性能,与神经网络、支持向量机等分类器相比,VPMCD方法可以更准确、更有效地识别滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类型。     

基于ICA相关系数和VPMCD的滚动轴承故障诊断

将基于变量预测模型的模式识别(variable predictive model based class discriminate,简称VPMCD)、独立分量分析(independent component analysis,简称ICA)和相关系数分析方法相结合,提出了基于ICA相关系数和VPMCD的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,对不同工况下的滚动轴承振动信号分别进行独立分量分析,获得各工况信号的独立分量;然后,提取样本与不同工况信号独立分量之间的相关系数,并以相关系数绝对值的和作为该样本的特征值;最后,采用VPMCD分类器进行故障识别和分类。实验数据的分析结果表明,该方法能够有效应用于滚动轴承故障诊断。     

改进VPMCD法及其在机械故障诊断中的应用

提出了一种基于时序AR模型的VPMCD(基于变量预测模型的模式识别)故障诊断方法:利用时序分析方法对故障信号建立AR模型,以蕴含故障特征的自回归参数作为故障特征量,采用VPMCD方法训练得到各故障特征量的预测模型,并利用预测模型对待诊断样本的故障类型和工作状态进行分类和识别。对滚动轴承和齿轮的振动信号的分析结果证明了该方法的有效性,与基于EMD的VPMCD法和基于AR的KNN法的对比结果证明了所提方法的优越性。     

基于LPP与VPMCD的液压泵故障模式识别

针对液压泵振动信号复杂且难以提取有效特征量的问题,提出一种基于局部保留投影(LPP)算法的故障特征提取方法。采用集总经验模态分解(EEMD)法对液压泵振动信号进行分解,从得到的内禀模态分量(IMF)中选取敏感分量,对敏感分量进行分析并从中提取液压泵故障高维特征向量,利用局部保留投影法对高维特征向量进行融合降维,提取隐藏在高维特征空间中的故障本质信息,即敏感特征向量。基于变量预测模型的模式识别(VPMCD)算法实现模式识别的良好性能,提出采用VPMCD算法实现液压泵故障模式识别。基于提取的敏感特征集,建立各状态敏感特征的变量预测模型,进而实现液压泵的故障识别,实测液压泵振动信号分析结果验证了所提出液压泵故障模式识别方法的有效性。通过对比分析验证了所提出方法的良好性能。     

基于LCD和GMM-VPMCD混合模型的滚动轴承退化状态识别

滚动轴承退化状态识别的关键在于特征提取和模式识别,局部特征尺度分解(local characteristic-scale decomposition,LCD)方法是一种新的时频分析方法,非常适用于滚动轴承振动信号的特征提取。基于变量预测模型的模式识别(Variable predictive model based class discriminate,VPMCD)方法是一种利用特征值之间的相互关系进行分类的模式识别方法,可以用于滚动轴承的退化状态识别。将LCD、VPMCD和高斯混合模型(Gaussain mixture model,GMM)相结合,提出了基于LCD和GMM-VPMCD混合模型的滚动轴承退化状态识别方法,首先对滚动轴承全寿命数据进行LCD分解并提取分量的特征值,然后利用GMM对全寿命数据的特征值进行聚类,将全寿命数据在时域上分成若干个退化状态,最后建立VPMCD模型并对测试数据进行分类,从而实现滚动轴承的退化状态识别。实验数据的分析结果表明,基于LCD的GMM-VPMCD混合模型可以有效实现滚动轴承的退化状态识别。     

变量预测模型在齿轮故障诊断中的应用

将基于变量预测模型的模式识别(variable predictive model based class discriminate,简称VPMCD)方法、经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)方法和奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,简称SVD)相结合,提出了一种基于EMD,SVD和VPMCD的齿轮故障的诊断方法.首先,对齿轮振动信号进行EMD分解,得到若干个IMF(intrinsic mode function,简称IMF)分量;其次,将包含齿轮主要故障信息的前几个IMF分量组成特征向量矩阵,并对其进行SVD分解;最后,将奇异值作为特征向量建立VPMCD多故障分类器,以此来区分齿轮的工作状态和故障类型.将提出的方法应用于齿轮实验数据,分析结果表明,该方法能够实现齿轮故障类型的分类和诊断,是一种有效可行的齿轮故障诊断方法.     

VPMCD和模糊熵在转子系统故障诊断中的应用

针对转子系统的故障特征,提出了基于多变量预测模型（variable predictive mode based class discriminate,简称VPMCD）和模糊熵的故障诊断方法。VPMCD方法是根据所提取的全部或部分特征值之间具有的某种内在关系建立预测模型,并以建立的变量预测模型进行模式识别。首先,对转子振动信号进行经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD),得到若干个内禀模态函数（intrinsic mode function,简称IMF）分量;接着,提取包含主要故障信息的前几个IMF分量的模糊熵组成故障特征向量矩阵;然后,采用VPMCD方法建立预测模型;最后,通过建立的VPMCD预测模型区分转子的工作状态和故障类型。实验分析结果表明,基于VPMCD和模糊熵的故障诊断方法可以准确、有效地识别转子系统的工作状态和故障类型。     

局部切空间排列算法用于轴承早期故障诊断

提出了一种基于经验模态分解(EMD)和局部切空间排列算法(LTSA)相结合的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法。首先,利用经验模态分解算法分解滚动轴承不同模式下的振动信号,得到各阶本征模态分量和残余分量,提取各分量中的幅域参数和频域参数组成原始特征参数集;然后,建立基于类别可分性测度的邻域参数k选取方法,运用局部切空间排列算法实现敏感特征提取;最后,应用该方法对滚动轴承不同状态下的振动数据进行特征提取和模式识别,对比分析改进后的局部切空间排列算法与主成分分析、核主元分析以及传统局部切空间排列算法的故障模式识别能力。分析结果表明,该方法提取的滚动轴承故障特征敏感性较好,提高了故障模式识别能力,实现了滚动轴承的早期故障诊断。     

基于ITD分形模糊熵的轴承早期故障诊断

针对滚动轴承早期故障振动信号信噪比低、单一故障特征难以实现在整个复杂非线性状态空间上准确分类的局限,提出了基于本征时间尺度分解(intrinsic time-scale decomposition,简称ITD)和分形模糊熵的轴承早期故障智能诊断方法.首先,利用改进的ITD方法将包含大量背景噪声的非线性非平稳振动信号自适应地分解为不同频段的合理旋转(proper rotation,简称PR)分量;然后,提取蕴含故障信息的PR分量的分形维数和模糊熵,组成联合特征向量;最后,采用适合小样本模式识别的最小二乘支持矢量机(least squares support vectors machine,简称LSSVM)方法对故障类型进行分类.通过4种运行状态的滚动轴承实验表明,该方法能有效性地应用于滚动轴承早期故障智能诊断.     

改进LMD和排列熵的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的复杂特性和局部均值分解(Local Mean Decomposition,LMD)方法存在的端点效应问题,提出了基于振动信号自相似性对左右端点两侧延拓来抑制端点效应问题的改进LMD、排列熵(Permutation Entropy,PE)及优化K-均值聚类算法相结合的轴承故障诊断方法。首先通过改进LMD将非线性、非平稳的原始故障振动信号分解出一系列的乘积函数(Production Function,PF)分量,对包含主要故障信息的PF分量提取PE值作为故障特征分量,在提取特征量的基础上,最后采用优化后的K-均值聚类算法对故障类型进行识别分类。将该方法应用在滚动轴承实验数据,实验结果表明该方法可以准确、有效的实现滚动轴承的故障诊断。     

A fault diagnosis approach for roller bearing based on VPMCD under variable speed condition

Essentially the fault diagnosis of roller bearing is a process of pattern recognition. However, existing pattern recognition method failed to capitalize on the nature of multivariate associations between the extracted fault features. Targeting such limitation, a new pattern recognition method – variable predictive model based class discriminate (VPMCD) is introduced into roller bearing fault identification. The VPMCD consider that all or part of the feature values will exhibit interactions in nature and these associations will have different performances between different classes, which is always true in practice when faults occur in roller bearings. Target to the characteristics of non-stationary and amplitude-modulated and frequency-modulated (AM–FM) of vibration signal picked up under variable speed condition, a fault diagnosis method based upon the VPMCD, order tracking technique and local mean decomposition (LMD) is put forward and applied to the roller bearing fault identification. Firstly, LMD and order tracking analysis method are combined to extract the fault features of roller bearing vibration signals under variable speed condition; Secondly, the feature values are regard as the input of VPMCD classifier; finally, the working condition and fault patterns of the roller bearings are identified automatically by the output of VPMCD classifier. The analysis results from experimental signals with normal and defective roller bearings indicate that the proposed fault diagnosis approach can distinguish the roller bearing status-with or without fault and fault patterns under variable speed condition accurately and effectively.     

A roller bearing fault diagnosis method based on the improved ITD and RRVPMCD

Targeting that the measured vibration signal of roller bearing contains the characteristics of non-stationary and nonlinear, and the extraction features may contain smaller correlation and redundancy characteristics in the roller bearing fault diagnosis, the vibration signal processing method based upon improved ITD (intrinsic time-scale decomposition) and feature selection method based on Wrapper mode are put forward. In addition, in the design of the classifier, targeting the limitation of existing pattern recognition method, a new pattern recognition method-variable predictive model based class discriminate (VPMCD) is introduced into roller bearing fault identification. However, the parameters are fitted by using least squares in VPMCD method, while least squares regression is sensitive to “abnormal value”. Therefore, a robust regression-variable predictive mode-based class discriminate (RRVPMCD) method is proposed in this paper, robust regression is adopted to estimate parameters and the effect of “abnormal value” in the estimation of parameters would be reduced by giving each feature a weight. Firstly, improved ITD method and feature selection method based on Wrapper mode are combined to extract the fault features of roller bearing vibration signals, and feature vector matrixes are established, then a predictive model is built through the method of RRVPMCD, finally, the established predictive model is used for pattern recognition. Experimental results show that the model based on the improved ITD, the Wrapper feature selection and RRVPMCD method can effectively identify work status and fault type of roller bearing.     

An automated procedure for detection and identification of ball bearing damage using multivariate statistics and pattern recognition

This paper suggests an automated approach for fault detection and classification in roller bearings, which is based on pattern recognition and principal components analysis of the measured vibration signals. The signals recorded are pre-processed applying a wavelet transform in order to extract the appropriate high frequency (detailed) area needed for ball bearing fault detection. This is followed by a pattern recognition (PR) procedure used to recognise between signals coming from healthy bearings and those generated from different bearing faults. Four categories of signals are considered, namely no fault signals (from a healthy bearing), inner race fault, outer race fault and rolling element fault signals. The PR procedure uses the first six principal components extracted from the signals after a proper principal component analysis (PCA). In this work a modified PCA is suggested, which is much more appropriate for categorical data. The combination of the modified PCA and the PR method ensures that the fault is automatically detected and classified to one of the considered fault categories. The method suggested does not require the knowledge/determination of the specific fault frequencies and/or any expert analysis: once the signal filtering is done and the PC's are found the PR method automatically gives the answer if there is a fault present and its type.     

基于嵌入式SRVPMCD的模式识别方法

针对多变量预测模型（VPMCD）模式识别方法的固有缺陷和机械故障特征难以选择的难题,即特征维数较多时对时效性的影响和特征选择需要引入主观因素的现状,提出了一种基于嵌入式的逐步回归多变量预测模型（SRVPMCD）模式识别方法。该方法首先通过逐步回归引入变量并计算其显著水平,建立只包含显著特征值的预测模型,同时实现嵌入式特征选择和建模分类的功能,然后用所建立的预测模型来预测待分类样本的特征值,最后把预测结果作为分类依据进行模式识别。对滚动轴承故障信号的分析结果表明,基于嵌入式SRVPMCD的模式识别方法可以实现特征选择和分类的双重功能,在保证识别精度的前提下,比原VPMCD方法及其组合方法可以更快地识别滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类型。     

A new rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on multiscale permutation entropy and improved support vector machine based binary tree

A new bearing vibration feature extraction method based on multiscale permutation entropy (MPE) and improved support vector machine based binary tree (ISVM-BT) is put forward in this paper. Local mean decomposition (LMD), a new self-adaptive time–frequency analysis method, is utilized to decompose the roller bearing vibration signal into a set of product functions (PFs) and then MPE method is used to characterize the complexity of the principal PF component in different scales. After the feature extraction, a new pattern recognition approach called ISVM-BT is introduced to accomplish the fault identification automatically, which has the priority of high recognition accuracy compared with other classifiers. Besides, the Laplacian score (LS) is introduced to refine the fault feature by sorting the scale factors. Finally, the rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on LMD, MPE, LS and ISVM-BT is proposed and the experimental results indicate the proposed method is effective in identifying the different categories of rolling bearings.     

基于多尺度样本熵和VPMCD的自动机故障诊断

针对自动机故障诊断过程中振动信号的非线性、非平稳性、非周期性导致的故障特征较难提取,以及故障识别率偏低这一问题,提出了一种基于多尺度样本熵和多变量预测模型(variable predictive model-based class discriminate,简称VPMCD)的自动机故障诊断方法。首先,对采集到的信号进行小波阈值降噪处理;其次,利用小波包分解的方法对振动信号进行分解,得到多个尺度下的信号分量;然后,计算不同尺度下信号的样本熵值,并提取对故障特征较为敏感的尺度因子,组成故障特征向量;最后,利用多变量预测模型对故障特征向量进行训练和识别,进而实现自动机的故障诊断。自动机故障诊断试验分析结果表明,利用多尺度样本熵和多变量预测模型的方法可以准确识别多种典型的自动机故障类型。     

FAULT DIAGNOSIS APPROACH FOR ROLLER BEARINGS BASED ON EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION METHOD AND HILBERT TRANSFORM

Based upon empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method and Hilbert spectrum, a method for fault diagnosis of roller bearing is proposed. The orthogonal wavelet bases are used to translate vibration signals of a roller bearing into time-scale representation, then, an envelope signal can be obtained by envelope spectrum analysis of wavelet coefficients of high scales. By applying EMD method and Hilbert transform to the envelope signal, we can get the local Hilbert marginal spectrum from which the faults in a roller bearing can be diagnosed and fault patterns can be identified. Practical vibration signals measured from roller bearings with out-race faults or inner-race faults are analyzed by the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is superior to the traditional envelope spectrum method in extracting the fault characteristics of roller bearings.     

基于经验模态分解的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

提出了一种基于经验模态分解的滚动轴承故障诊断方法，并定义了能量熵的概念。从不同状态的滚动轴承振动信号的能量熵值中发现，当滚动轴承发生故障时，各频带的能量会发生变化。为了进一步对滚动轴承的状态和故障类型进行分类，再从若干个包含主要故障信息的IMF分量中提取能量特征参数作为神经网络的输入参数来识别滚动轴承的故障类型。对滚动轴承的正常状态、内圈故障和外圈故障振动信号的分析结果表明，以经验模态分解为预处理器提取各频带能量作为特征参数的神经网络诊断方法比以小波包分析为预处理器的神经网络诊断方法有更高的故障识别率，可以准确、有效地识别滚动轴承的工作状态和故障类别。     

基于LMD-CM-PCA的滚动轴承故障诊断方法

为提高在非平稳工况下对滚动轴承故障的直观辨识能力,笔者提出基于LMD-CM-PCA的故障诊断方法。首先,对滚动轴承振动信号进行局部均值分解(local mean decomposition,简称LMD),提取乘积函数(product function,简称PF)矩阵;然后,计算PF矩阵与原振动信号的皮氏相关系数(pearson product-moment correlation coefficient,简称PPCC),将PFs对应的PPCC代入相关熵模型得到PF的相关熵矩阵(correntropy matrix,简称CM),CM经主成分分析(principal component analysis,简称PCA)进行特征变换得到融合相关熵矩阵(integrated correntropy matrix,简称ICM)。分别在轻微和严重故障时,对滚动轴承不同工况下的振动样本进行交叉混合,并计算其ICM。结果证明,ICM在可视维度比传统特征(如:能量矩和谱峭度)的融合特征更能隔离工况对故障可分性的干扰。LMD-CM-PCA方法为滚动轴承故障的直观辨识提供了技术支持,在故障诊断方面具有良好的应用前景。