基于两相随机介质的混凝土破坏全过程模拟

通过两相随机介质对混凝土细观结构进行建模,给出了混凝土破坏全过程模拟。首先,为了反映混凝土水泥砂浆和骨料的随机分布,引入新近发展的两相介质随机场对混凝土进行建模。采用随机点集生成随机有限元与内聚单元,以考虑裂纹分布的随机性,形成混凝土材料破坏分析的数值模型。数值模拟给出了混凝土单轴受拉裂纹开展全过程。数值模拟结果表明:当骨料断裂能明显大于水泥砂浆断裂能时,采用两相随机介质,能够较好地描述在受拉状态下,混凝土裂纹主要产生于水泥砂浆及骨料以及水泥砂浆的界面处,较少骨料破坏,这一典型特征。最后,通过模拟所得的均匀化应力-应变关系与混凝土单轴受拉试验结果对比,进一步验证了该文所给出的两相随机介质模拟的正确性。     

型钢混凝土结构ANSYS数值模拟技术研究

采用ANSYS程序对6个型钢混凝土梁试件的受力性能进行非线性有限元数值分析,对型钢混凝土结构数值模拟中混凝土和钢材材料模型定义、有限元建模、钢筋单元生成及后处理等关键技术进行系统研究。着重对型钢混凝土粘结滑移性能的数值模拟技术进行了研究。采用由ANSYS程序单元库中非线性弹簧单元combination-39组成的三维连接单元模拟型钢混凝土在不同部位及不同方向上的界面相互作用,建议了非线性弹簧单元粘结力-滑移曲线与型钢混凝土粘结滑移本构关系的转换技术,并提出了生成非线性弹簧单元的实用方法。最终形成考虑粘结滑移的型钢混凝土数值模拟技术。型钢混凝土梁数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,表明所建立型钢混凝土结构ANSYS数值模拟技术合理、可行,可适用于基于ANSYS程序的型钢混凝土结构有限元数值模拟和受力性能深入研究。     

局部缺陷周期简支层合梁结构的波传播特性分析EI北大核心CSCD

脱层是复合材料层合结构最主要的破坏形式之一。基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论和谱有限元方法得到周期结构中健康基本周期单元的动刚度矩阵。再考虑脱层位于周期结构的某一基本周期单元中,并假设脱层边缘处横截面变形服从平截面假定,忽略脱层前沿的应力奇异,建立分层模型,根据分层边缘处各子单元位移、转角连续及分层界面处力平衡条件形成含脱层的周期层合梁超单元动刚度矩阵。基于传递矩阵法得到健康及含脱层周期单元的传递矩阵,进而形成含脱层周期层合梁结构的传递矩阵及总体动刚度矩阵,并通过传递矩阵计算获得的波传播常数来分析周期结构的振动与波传播特性。分别对无脱层情况与脱层引起局部失谐情况下一周期简支梁结构的波传播特性进行数值计算研究,并结合ANSYS有限元仿真分析,对方法进行了验证。     

水下近距爆炸作用下弹性钢板处的空化特性研究

弹性钢板在水下近距爆炸作用下,冲击波会使其附近流体形成局部空化,脉动气泡会使流体形成锥形空化。利用平面冲击波理论对局部空化的形成特性进行了研究,理论分析了结构目标尺度的变化对空化区域形成的影响,并通过具体试验对局部空化理论进行了验证,两者符合较好;通过试验和数值仿真方法研究了气泡脉动引起的锥形空化的形成特点,初步分析了锥形空化的形成原因。结果表明,锥形空化对结构具有较大的冲击作用。     

水下爆炸气泡动态特性的研究进展

水下爆炸气泡载荷是造成舰船结构整体损伤的主要原因,研究水下爆炸气泡动态特性对水中兵器研发和舰船防护等方面至关重要.从水下爆炸气泡脉动的载荷特性出发,综述了气泡动力学理论、实验和数值模拟三方面的研究进展,总结气泡非球状坍缩运动过程、气泡与不同结构表面耦合作用以及自由场中多气泡耦合作用等问题的典型研究成果.在现有研究成果的...     

局部缺陷周期简支层合梁结构的波传播特性分析

脱层是复合材料层合结构最主要的破坏形式之一。基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论和谱有限元方法得到周期结构中健康基本周期单元的动刚度矩阵。再考虑脱层位于周期结构的某一基本周期单元中,并假设脱层边缘处横截面变形服从平截面假定,忽略脱层前沿的应力奇异,建立分层模型,根据分层边缘处各子单元位移、转角连续及分层界面处力平衡条件形成含脱层的周期层合梁超单元动刚度矩阵。基于传递矩阵法得到健康及含脱层周期单元的传递矩阵,进而形成含脱层周期层合梁结构的传递矩阵及总体动刚度矩阵,并通过传递矩阵计算获得的波传播常数来分析周期结构的振动与波传播特性。分别对无脱层情况与脱层引起局部失谐情况下一周期简支梁结构的波传播特性进行数值计算研究,并结合ANSYS有限元仿真分析,对方法进行了验证。     

水下爆炸近距气泡作用下船体箱型梁损伤特性数值模拟方法研究

为了研究水下爆炸近距气泡作用下船体结构损伤特性的数值模拟方法,以某实船缩比试验模型——箱型梁为仿真对象,应用MSC-DYTRAN非线性瞬态有限元分析软件,建立了船体箱型梁在水下爆炸近距气泡作用下的仿真模型,欧拉水域中考虑静水压力场,采用开放式流场边界技术处理流场边界,应用自适应网格技术处理多材料多欧拉域,引入修正的冲击波压力场对冲击波作用阶段进行修正。对冲击因子为0.236的典型试验工况进行数值模拟,分析了箱型梁在近距气泡作用下的破坏机理,并将数值计算结果与试验结果进行对比,结果表明:船体结构与气泡相互作用规律、船体结构的破坏模式及典型部位的应变时程曲线与试验结果吻合良好,两者误差在25%以内,该方法为利用数值手段研究爆炸气泡对整船的毁伤特性提供了一个有效的解决途径。     

超薄金属内衬复合材料压力容器的结构分析

采用有限元方法对超薄金属内衬复合材料压力容器结构进行分析。在分析中, 几何模型中的封头段考虑了复合材料铺放角度和厚度沿平行圆半径变化, 材料模型中的复合材料层和内衬层分别选用复合材料层合板理论和弹塑性理论进行分析, 二者之间的界面变形协调性及不可贯入性引入接触分析进行考虑。数值结果表明:在工作压力下, 容器复合材料层纵向应变均为拉应变, 环向存在部分压应变, 内衬层发生塑性变形; 卸载后, 容器的复合材料层处在拉应力状态, 内衬层处在压应力状态。在此基础上, 利用容器的简化模型, 根据内衬层最大变形点荷载位移曲线实现了容器内衬层局部屈曲模拟。容器水压应变测试和内衬局部屈曲观测结果与数值模拟结果吻合较好, 验证了本文中分析的可靠性。      

公路隧道纵向射流通风数值模拟与分析

采用CFD方法,建立公路隧道纵向射流通风的物理数学模型,对某隧道内一组射流风机通风进行三维数值模拟,以隧道纵向射流通风基本理论为基础,分析了隧道内气流速度和压力分布特性,为进一步优化纵向射流通风设计提供参考。     

水下爆炸作用下结构响应的数值计算研究综述

分析和总结了水下爆炸现象数值模拟以及水下爆炸作用下结构响应的数值计算研究进展。首先概述了水下爆炸现象包括装药的爆轰、冲击波的产生和传播、气泡的形成和脉动三个阶段数值计算的研究情况;接着阐述了地震波作用下、水中冲击波作用下、气泡脉动压力作用和多种载荷同时作用时结构响应的数值研究概况;最后对此课题的研究方向提出了几点建议。     

织物形式对苎麻纤维渗透率及其复合材料力学性能的影响

采用树脂传递模塑工艺(RTM)研究了三种典型苎麻纤维织物结构(平纹、 斜纹和缎纹)对树脂流动性的影响, 并研究了三种苎麻纤维织物结构对其增强酚醛树脂复合材料的拉伸性能和层间剪切性能的影响。结果表明, 苎麻纤维织物树脂渗透率主要受纤维屈曲和流道面积的影响。斜纹和缎纹苎麻织物的纤维屈曲较小且流道面积较大, 其织物的树脂渗透率较大, 同时, 较小的纤维屈曲使其增强的复合材料拉伸性能也较优。然而, 不同织物形式对苎麻纤维织物/树脂复合材料的层间性能影响不大。     

Improving the resin transfer moulding process for fabric-reinforced composites by modification of the fabric architecture

The use of resin transfer moulding (RTM) as an economic and efficient means of producing high-performance fibre-reinforced composites is critically limited by the permeability of the fabrics employed. Commercial fabrics are available where the architecture of the reinforcement is designed to cluster the fibres giving higher permeabilities than conventional fabrics. This has been shown to improve processing times, but there is evidence that such clustering is detrimental to the mechanical performance of the resulting composite material.

The objective of this work was to relate variations in permeability, and in the laminate mechanical properties, to differences in microstructure. A series of experimental carbon fibre fabrics woven to incorporate a novel flow enhancement concept (use of 3K tows in a 6K fabric) were used to manufacture plates by RTM in a transparent mould. The progress of the resin front was recorded to computer disc during injection, thus allowing the permeabilities of the fabrics to be calculated.

The manufactured plates were subsequently sectioned for mechanical testing (moduli and strengths in tension and compression) and automated image analysis. Relationships were sought between measured permeabilities, mechanical properties and microstructures using a Quantimet 570 automatic image analyser to determine fractal dimensions from polished sections. It has been shown that variations in the microstructures can be related to the permeability and mechanical property values obtained. Further the deterioration of mechanical properties for the novel fabrics with reduced fibre volume fractions is less than has been reported for fabrics with clustered flow-enhancing tows at constant fibre volume fraction.     

In-plane permeability of sheared fabrics

Shear is the main mode of deformation in the draping of fabrics over complex mould geometries in composites manufacturing. Hence, the measurement and prediction of the in-plane permeability of sheared fabrics is a crucial task for the design of resin transfer moulding and other composites processing techniques of complex shaped articles. A mathematical model has been developed and applied to predict the in-plane permeability in the two principal directions and the angle of the flow ellipse for sheared assemblies of bi-directional woven fabrics that are in-plane isotropic to flow when unsheared. Modelling was accompanied by in-plane permeability measurements for unsheared and sheared woven fabric assemblies, and a comparison of this experimental permeability data with the proposed model proved encouraging. A study into the change of the areal density of different woven fabrics with shear angle has also been included.     

RTM中纤维渗透率预测的研究进展

对国内外在RTM 成型工艺中的渗透率预测方法进行了文献回顾。系统论述了理论分析法和数值模拟法, 评析了各方法中模型存在的问题, 比较了模型间的不足。理论分析法中详细介绍了毛细管模型和规则排列柱阵模型在单向纤维渗透率预测中的应用。数值模拟法中重点介绍了均匀化法、Boltzman 网格法和单胞法对单向纤维和平面机织纤维渗透率的预测。回顾了国内对渗透率预测的研究, 其方法主要以实验分析为基础, 分析了纤维结构与渗透率的关系, 讨论了渗透率特性对工艺过程的影响规律。提出了目前在渗透率预测研究中仍然存在的一些不足, 指出了该领域将来的研究方向。      

New set-up for in-plane permeability measurement

The determination of accurate permeability values is critical to process simulations for Resin Transfer Molding (RTM). New instrumentation is presented in this paper for high throughput permeability measurements. The design extends the original work of Hoes [Hoes K. Development of a new sensor-based set-up for experimental permeability identification of fibrous media, PhD thesis, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, 2003] with a new sensor design, a much larger sensor pattern, and new analysis software. For example, the new analysis software is more robust than previous versions in that it will compute the flow front orientation angle rather than assume the angle as given by the user. The new set-up was used to measure the permeability of a basalt woven 3/1 twill fabric. When compared with previous work on 2/2 twill and plain woven fabrics, a relationship was observed between the breadth of the anisotropy distribution, the correlation between the principle components of the permeability tensor, and the fabric structure. Such a relationship has implications for manufacturing reliability, and may help explain why some fabrics process much more consistently than others.     

A two-phase flow model to simulate mold filling and saturation in Resin Transfer Molding

This paper addresses the numerical simulation of void formation and transport during mold filling in Resin Transfer Molding (RTM). The saturation equation, based on a two-phase flow model resin/air, is coupled with Darcy’s law and mass conservation to simulate the unsaturated filling flow that takes place in a RTM mold when resin is injected through the fiber bed. These equations lead to a system composed of an advection–diffusion equation for saturation including capillary effects and an elliptic equation for pressure taking into account the effect of air residual saturation. The model introduces the relative permeability as a function of resin saturation. When capillary effects are omitted, the hyperbolic nature of the saturation equation and its strong coupling with Darcy equation through relative permeability represent a challenging numerical issue. The combination of the constitutive physical laws relating permeability to saturation with the coupled system of the pressure and saturation equations allows predicting the saturation profiles. The model was validated by comparison with experimental data obtained for a fiberglass reinforcement injected in a RTM mold at constant flow rate. The saturation measured as a function of time during the resin impregnation of the fiber bed compared very well with numerical predictions.     

Influences of weaving architectures on the impact resistance of multi-layer fabrics

Fabrics constructed from different weaving architectures such as plain, basket, twill and satin provide varying flexibility and durability when applied on surfaces of complex structures for protective applications. They also affect the manufacturing processes and mechanical properties of both fabrics and composite structures in various applications such as soft armours, helmets, aircraft engine cowlings or automobile monocoques. In this work, the influences of weaving architectures on the ballistic resistance and energy absorption of both single and multi-layer Twaron® fabrics are investigated. A mesoscale yarn model is constructed, validated experimentally, and analytical. Finite element fabric models of different fabric structures are then developed and their firmness is quantified using interlacing factors. Numerical models for plain weave are validated against experimental results from single-ply ballistic tests. The evolutions of kinetic, strain, and friction energy components, normalised with areal mass, are presented to demonstrate the better ballistic protection of the plain weave compared with other weaving architectures. Further investigations on multi-ply systems illustrate the energy absorption capacities for different types of woven fabrics and the associated ballistic resistances. The research results indicate that weaving architectures and fabric firmness are less influential on the overall ballistic protection of multi-ply systems compared to the single-ply cases.     

Experimental investigation of high fiber tow count fabric unsaturation during RTM

High fiber tow count fabrics have been developed by fibers and fabrics suppliers to meet automotive cost and performance requirements when manufacturing structural automotive composite parts at high production rates by RTM. Impregnation of these large fiber clusters may lead to local incomplete saturation of fabrics. Mechanical softening, early failure, or part rejection because of high voids content may be expected. A new experimental method has been proposed to measure the air volume entrapped within the wetted part of the fabric at any given time and to quantify air entrapment kinetics. An important observation is that the whole unsaturation grows linearly with time for 1D flow. The modified capillary number has been correlated to the amount of air entrapped during the injection process. However, results of this study show that it cannot account for void mobilization and elimination. A critical pressure for the onset of void mobilization has been identified for one fluid/preform combination. This experimental work carried out with proper calibration provided the evidence that for high modified capillary number, a decrease in void content is to be expected.     

Experimental Determination of the Transversal and Longitudinal Fibre Bundle Permeability

In the resin transfer moulding process, fabrics are very often used as reinforcement. These fabrics consist of fibre bundles. In this context, both the permeability of the macroscopic fabric and the permeability of the fibre bundle are the key parameters to accurately predict the impregnation of the fabrics, the impregnation time and resulting void content. The fibre bundle permeability can be either predicted theoretically or experimentally. Whereas the theoretical determination lacks on accuracy as the realistic packing of the fibres in the bundles is not integrated in the models. In this work, we present an experimental setup to measure the longitudinal and transversal permeability of fibre bundles. The results are compared to model predictions.