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通过描述成品油管道内腐蚀形成的原因和腐蚀造成的危害,来提高对于成品油管道腐蚀危害的认识,从各个方面,探讨出切实可行的整改措施,以此来延长管道寿命,提高其安全度。 相似文献
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通过分析套管气危害,应用负压控套技术实现套管气的抽吸回收,解决了外排危害;回收气体有助于原油流动、集输及再利用;实验井产油量得到提高,该技术有利于石油行业安全环保和增产增效工作开展。 相似文献
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粉末物料自动加料装置的设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
精细化工、金属炼金行业毒性易挥发粉末非封闭加料对操作人员存在严重职业危害,为了有效改善这一问题,根据实际工程情况;设计了一套有毒粉末密闭加料装置。本装置有效减少了挥发有毒气体对人员操作的危害,提高了操作安全性。 相似文献
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目的探讨手术室护士的职业危害及自我防护措施。方法通过临床实践及查阅资料对手术室护士的职业危害的相关内容进行分析、归纳和总结。结果对手术室常见职业危害因素运用有效防护措施以提高护理质量。结论通过加强手术室护士职业防护意识,及时有效地采取相应的防护措施可减少甚至避免职业危害。 相似文献
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原油在地层压力驱动下流入井筒的过程中,会携带一些砂粒进入井筒内,特别对疏松砂岩稠油油藏地质,产生极大的危害.主要危害表现:井壁失稳、套管损坏、地层破坏、井下及地面设备的损害、管线的磨蚀及堵塞、油层被砂埋等等.这些危害既提高了原油的生产成本,又增加了油田的开采难度.因此,积极的防砂措施是应对出砂的途径. 相似文献
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纯物质的临界参数在描述流动相行为、预测物质性质、发展状态方程等方面都是非常重要的。临界参数的准确与否直接影响其它物性参数的估算结果。通过建立数学模型为缺少的临界参数进行预测估算,是人们获得临界参数的重要研究途径。本文对纯物质临界参数的估算方法进行了综述。主要介绍了其与其它物性相关联的估算方法、基团贡献法、基于液体状态方程的估算方法、定量结构性质关系法(QSPR法)等几类具有代表性的临界参数估算方法;并重点阐述了这些方法的原理、应用范围、优缺点及最近几年的进展情况;最后指出随着科学和计算机的快速发展,估算临界参数的方法也将不断完善和提高,具有更好的通用性和精确度,进而为化工流程模拟、工程设计计算、科研生产及应用研究提供更加可靠的数据。 相似文献
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In the design of chemical processes, such as catalytic cracking of bitumen and heavy oil, the knowledge of phase behavior at the critical endpoint is essential. Based on the PR equation of state, the algorithm developed by Heidemann and Khalil for calculating critical properties was used to compute critical points. An algorithm for determining the equilibrium phase of the critical point using the tangent plane criterion was developed, and was used to calculate the critical endpoints of different mixtures, including non-polar, polar and associating systems. The critical endpoint, representing the type of the phase behavior, was employed to fit the interaction parameter of mixtures in critical state at high pressure. Lines of critical endpoints for ternary mixtures were also determined with the algorithm. 相似文献
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实验测定几种有机物临界参数 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
<正>1引 言 临界参数属于最重要的物性数据之一,很多作者曾对已发表的实验数据进行搜集和整理迄今为止,有临界参数实验值的物质并不很多,在有机化合物中约400种,很多重要化合物至今还没有临界参数的实验数据。在现有的数据中,有很多是几十年甚至一个世纪以前所测的,比较不同时期不同作者对同一种物质的测定结果就会发现差别往往较大,有时甚至相去甚远,这说明有些数据可靠性很差。以上表明,有待于进行的工作还很多 相似文献
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四个有机化合物临界参数的测定 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
建立了一套临界参数测定装置,该装置使用开管法,并以界面消失作为判断临界点的标准。测定了正戊烷的临界参数以证实该装置的可靠性。测定了1-戊烯、3-甲基-1-丁烯、1-己烯和乙酸异丙酯的临界参数。同时测定了以上五种物质在高温范围内的饱和蒸汽压和饱和液体密度。本文所提供的绝大多数实验数据和关联式是首次发表的。 相似文献
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The onset of incipient fluidization is investigated theoretically and simulated by a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) procedure. The onset of incipient instability in a particle bed is preceded by stable gas diffusion in the interstices and is caused by a critical momentum force that may overcome the inertia of the particles. The critical momentum force is provided by the critical superficial gas velocity Uc in the form of critical mass flux of diffusion. It is found that the first movement of particles may be predicted by a critical transient Rayleigh number determined by a critical superficial velocity equals to the minimum fluidization velocity, Umf. The onset of incipient fluidization was found to occur at a critical transient Rayleigh number of 3.1, which is close to the lowest theoretical value for buoyancy convection in a porous medium bounded by free surfaces. Consequently the onset times of incipient fluidization may be predicted accurately. The finding has been found to be supported by the present CFD study, past experiments and simulations in the literature. 相似文献
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Vapor-liquid phase equilibrium data including composition, densities, molar volume and equilibrium constant of isobutanol in supercritical carbon dioxide from 313.2 K to 353.2 K were measured in a variable-volume visual cell. The properties of critical point were obtained by extrapolation. The results showed that critical temperature, critical pressure and critical compressibility factor of CO2-isobutanol system decreased with the increase of critical CO2 content. The phase equilibrium model was established by Peng-Robinson equation of state and van der Waals-2 mixing regulation, and model parameters were determined by optimization calculation of nonlinear least square method. The correlation between calculated values and the experimental data showed good agreement. 相似文献
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采用五种不同的方法计算了四种不同二元混合工质的临界温度和临界压力,研究对比不同方法在推算二元混合临界性质时的精度。其中Peng-Robinson(PR)方程和Soave-Redlich-Kwong(SRK)方程,两种状态方程结合Heidemann等提出的临界点判据计算得到的临界参数与实验结果吻合较好。两种经验公式,改进的Chueh-Prausnitz(MCP)方法和Redlich-Kister方法,以及径向基函数神经网络(RBFNN)在计算混合工质的临界性质时也都有着较高的计算精度。对于临界温度的计算,PR方程、SRK方程、MCP方程、Redlich-Kister方程以及径向基函数神经网络计算结果的绝对平均偏差的最大值分别为1.82%、1.73%、0.95%、0.17%和0.20%。对于临界压力的计算,通过PR方程、SRK方程、MCP方程、Redlich-Kister方程以及径向基函数神经网络计算的绝对平均偏差的最大值分别为6.07%、5.04%、3.49%、1.90%以及0.67%。 相似文献
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Ding-Yu Peng 《加拿大化工杂志》1986,64(5):827-830
The critical temperatures and critical pressures of binary mixtures involving nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and paraffinic hydrocarbons ranging from methane through n-heptane as calculated from the Peng—Robinson equation of state have been correlated using a modified compositional function of the Wilson equation in conjunction with the pseudo-critical properties. The resulting parameters have been used to predict the critical properties of sixty-one multicomponent systems. The empirically calculated critical temperatures and critical pressures deviate from the rigorously calculated values by an average of less than 1 K and 100 kPa, respectively. 相似文献