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J. M. Misihairabgwi C. N. Ezekiel M. Sulyok G. S. Shephard R. Krska 《Critical reviews in food science and nutrition》2019,59(1):43-58
Major staple foods in Southern Africa are prone to mycotoxin contamination, posing health risks to consumers and consequent economic losses. Regional climatic zones favor the growth of one or more main mycotoxin producing fungi, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. Aflatoxin contamination is mainly reported in maize, peanuts and their products, fumonisin contamination in maize and maize products and patulin in apple juice. Lack of awareness of occurrence and risks of mycotoxins, poor agricultural practices and undiversified diets predispose populations to dietary mycotoxin exposure. Due to a scarcity of reports in Southern Africa, reviews on mycotoxin contamination of foods in Africa have mainly focused on Central, Eastern and Western Africa. However, over the last decade, a substantial number of reports of dietary mycotoxins in South Africa have been documented, with fewer reports documented in Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Despite the reported high dietary levels of mycotoxins, legislation for their control is absent in most countries in the region. This review presents an up-to-date documentation of the epidemiology of mycotoxins in agricultural food commodities and discusses the implications on public health, current and recommended mitigation strategies, legislation, and challenges of mycotoxin research in Southern Africa. 相似文献
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江苏啤酒大麦的种植面积继续呈现萎缩态势,有资料显示,2002年江苏垦区秋播了100多万亩,但是据我们调查,秋播面积估计在60~70万亩,或者说,可以上市作为啤酒大麦销售的量非常少。江苏农垦系统种植了约15万亩啤酒大麦,和上一年相比有所下降,有的农场大麦面积已经缩小了近一半。大麦主栽品种为“港啤一号”(KA-4B),搭配了少量的“单二”、“扬农啤二号”、“沪麦16”,新 相似文献
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《宠物世界(猫迷)》2016,(11)
正南京作为2016年中国宠物文化节第三场盛会,已于9月24~26日完美绽放。经过半年的深耕和持续沟通并结合多渠道尝试、全方位推广等,使得南京宠物文化节首站大捷,奠定了南京这个城市的宠物文化基调!在之后的每一年,都将走进南京,打造更符合南京气质的宠物文化节。努力付出换得回报宠物文化节交满意答卷中国宠物文化节是中国首个宠物主题巡回展,是中国首个定位销售终端和消费终端的 相似文献
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T.H. Cho B.S. Kim S.J. Jo H.G. Kang B.Y. Choi M.Y. Kim 《Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B: Surveillance Communications》2013,6(1):27-37
Between 2003 and 2005, a total of 11,716 samples were collected and analysed to determine the level of pesticides residues. Multi-residue methods (MRMs) capable of simultaneously determining 250 pesticides were used. Of the 11,716 samples, 89.1% had no detectable residues and 1.7% had violative residues. The detection rates by commodity group were 11.4, 8.6, 0.3, and 0.02% for vegetables, fruit, grain, mushrooms, and the others, respectively. Agricultural products with pesticide residues were pepper, Perilla frutescens, leafy lettuce and spinach in decreasing order. Of the 250 pesticides that were monitored, 70 pesticides were actually found. Procymidone, endosulfan, chlorfenapyr, metalaxyl, and diethofencarb were frequently detected. Of the samples, parsley, Petasites hybridus, Aster scaber and leek had high violative rates of 23.1, 12.6, 8.2, and 7.9%, respectively. From violative samples, procymidone, endosulfan, metalaxyl, diazinon and chlorpyrifos were frequently detected. The violation rates were 1.71, 1.68, and 1.76% in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, and the detection rates were 8.5, 12.0, and 13.3% in 2003, 2004, and 2005, respectively. 相似文献
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《轻工标准与质量》2004,(1):54-55
序号备案号行业标准编号行业标准名称代替标准号批准日期实施日期标准主管部门112488-2003FZ/T93060-2003非织造布梳理机2003-09-042004-01-01国家发展和改革委员会212495-2003QB2581-2003低聚果糖2003-09-132003-10-01国家发展和改革委员会312496-2003QB2582-2003酵母抽提物2003-09-132003-10-01国家发展和改革委员会412497-2003QB2583-2003纤维素酶制剂2003-09-132003-10-01国家发展和改革委员会512498-2003QB2584-2003蒸汽淋浴房2003-09-132003-10-01国家发展和改革委员会612499-2003QB2585-2003喷水按摩浴缸2003-09-132003-10-01… 相似文献
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全国乳品工业信息中心 《中国乳品工业》2004,32(8):41-45
人的乳食消费指的是扣除或乳制品用于饲养和其他用途后消费的乳总量。特别是由于幼仔的哺乳量与奶牛的泌乳量之间的关系发生了变化,一般来说,牛乳用于饲养的比例正在下降而泌乳量持续增长。在乳品加工量较低和收奶不发达的国家,用作饲料的乳量仍占较大比例。生牛乳从用于哺乳转向加工,可为人类更多的牛乳消费提供一个较大的储备。当乳消费数据仅仅涉及到产量时,所有这些都是应该被考虑到的。乳制品不用于为人类提供营养的比例是很小的,只有像酪蛋白和乳清衍生物等一些特殊产品,但在市场供应比例较大的地方,这些产品可被用于除食品或饲料以外的其他目的。 相似文献
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《中国乳品工业》2004,32(11):50-53
表20奶油消费量奥地利比利时4055l135490548l0l21765420255018776526441403138l6235lI473608759340404.94.9丹麦芬兰法国德国希腊爱尔兰意大利荷兰葡萄牙西班牙瑞典l’英国欧盟巧国挪威”瑞士冰岛捷克共和国匈牙利波兰斯洛伐克斯洛文尼亚爱沙尼亚拉脱维亚立陶宛白俄罗斯俄罗斯加拿大美国墨西哥阿根廷澳大利亚新西兰以色列日本南非1749274320017342l44I446157153642217167521447157l64.95.12.06.98.36.71.0322.33.13。40.75.片3.24.74.46.03.63.90.8363.01.02l2.22.94.62.42.8214.95.01.66。78.36.60.73,02,83.31.90.74.93.44.64.4604.34.10… 相似文献
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Rouhollah Karami-Osboo Mehdi Maham Ramin Miri Mohammad Hossein Shojaee AliAbadi Mansoureh Mirabolfathy Katayoun Javidnia 《Food Analytical Methods》2013,6(1):176-180
A fast and simple method for the extraction of deoxynivalenol (DON) from wheat flour using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography–UV detection has been developed and compared with immunoaffinity column cleanup (IAC) process. The influence of several important parameters on the extraction efficacy was studied. Under optimized conditions, a linear calibration curve was obtained in the range of 50–1,000 μg/L. Average recoveries of DON from spiked wheat samples at levels of 500 μg/kg for DLLME and IAC ranged from 72.9?±?1.6 and 85.5?±?3.1, respectively. A good correlation was found for spiked samples between DLLME and IAC methods. The limit of detection was 125 and 50 μg/kg for DLLME and IAC method, respectively. Advantages of DLLME method with respect to the IAC have been pointed out. 相似文献