Mycotoxin contamination of foods in Southern Africa: A 10-year review (2007–2016)

Major staple foods in Southern Africa are prone to mycotoxin contamination, posing health risks to consumers and consequent economic losses. Regional climatic zones favor the growth of one or more main mycotoxin producing fungi, Aspergillus, Fusarium and Penicillium. Aflatoxin contamination is mainly reported in maize, peanuts and their products, fumonisin contamination in maize and maize products and patulin in apple juice. Lack of awareness of occurrence and risks of mycotoxins, poor agricultural practices and undiversified diets predispose populations to dietary mycotoxin exposure. Due to a scarcity of reports in Southern Africa, reviews on mycotoxin contamination of foods in Africa have mainly focused on Central, Eastern and Western Africa. However, over the last decade, a substantial number of reports of dietary mycotoxins in South Africa have been documented, with fewer reports documented in Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Despite the reported high dietary levels of mycotoxins, legislation for their control is absent in most countries in the region. This review presents an up-to-date documentation of the epidemiology of mycotoxins in agricultural food commodities and discusses the implications on public health, current and recommended mitigation strategies, legislation, and challenges of mycotoxin research in Southern Africa.     

江苏啤酒大麦年度报告(2003)

江苏啤酒大麦的种植面积继续呈现萎缩态势,有资料显示,2002年江苏垦区秋播了100多万亩,但是据我们调查,秋播面积估计在60～70万亩,或者说,可以上市作为啤酒大麦销售的量非常少。江苏农垦系统种植了约15万亩啤酒大麦,和上一年相比有所下降,有的农场大麦面积已经缩小了近一半。大麦主栽品种为“港啤一号”(KA-4B),搭配了少量的“单二”、“扬农啤二号”、“沪麦16”,新     

2016中国(南京)宠物文化节

正南京作为2016年中国宠物文化节第三场盛会,已于9月24~26日完美绽放。经过半年的深耕和持续沟通并结合多渠道尝试、全方位推广等,使得南京宠物文化节首站大捷,奠定了南京这个城市的宠物文化基调!在之后的每一年,都将走进南京,打造更符合南京气质的宠物文化节。努力付出换得回报宠物文化节交满意答卷中国宠物文化节是中国首个宠物主题巡回展,是中国首个定位销售终端和消费终端的     

2016国际(永安)竹具博览会

由国际竹藤组织、国际竹藤中心、中国竹产业协会主办,福建省家具协会、广东省先进家居产业研究所协办的2016国际(永安)竹具博览会于10月17日至19日,在中国竹子之乡福建·永安举办。本次竹博会以"竹天下,竹生活"为主题,竹博会期间,海内外竹产业客商与竹业界精英齐聚永安,交流竹文化,共赢竹产业发展商机。     

Pesticide residue monitoring in Korean agricultural products, 2003–05

Between 2003 and 2005, a total of 11,716 samples were collected and analysed to determine the level of pesticides residues. Multi-residue methods (MRMs) capable of simultaneously determining 250 pesticides were used. Of the 11,716 samples, 89.1% had no detectable residues and 1.7% had violative residues. The detection rates by commodity group were 11.4, 8.6, 0.3, and 0.02% for vegetables, fruit, grain, mushrooms, and the others, respectively. Agricultural products with pesticide residues were pepper, Perilla frutescens, leafy lettuce and spinach in decreasing order. Of the 250 pesticides that were monitored, 70 pesticides were actually found. Procymidone, endosulfan, chlorfenapyr, metalaxyl, and diethofencarb were frequently detected. Of the samples, parsley, Petasites hybridus, Aster scaber and leek had high violative rates of 23.1, 12.6, 8.2, and 7.9%, respectively. From violative samples, procymidone, endosulfan, metalaxyl, diazinon and chlorpyrifos were frequently detected. The violation rates were 1.71, 1.68, and 1.76% in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively, and the detection rates were 8.5, 12.0, and 13.3% in 2003, 2004, and 2005, respectively.     

ITMA 2003最新动态(二)

展品预览喷射染色机(展台号DF20-9B) ATYC公司不断致力于研究和开发新的项目,以更好地满足客户需求。ATYC公司的研发部已对TECHNODYE(紧凑型)和RAPIDSTRETCH(长车型)两台喷射染色机进行了改进。由于循环系统和储存系统的革新,这些机器可以获得良好的结果,给予所有类型的织物极佳的染色,且成本经济。     

2016年新闻出版产业分析报告(节选)

<正>7月24日,国家新闻出版广电总局发布了《2016年新闻出版产业分析报告》。报告内容丰富、数据翔实,全面反映了我国新闻出版产业现状。限于篇幅,本刊将报告中部分内容节选刊登,供读者参考。2016年,新闻出版业积极贯彻落实中央要求,把社会效益放在首位,努力实现社会效益与经     

2016中国网印(北方)展

<正>聚焦京津冀鲁豫,推动长江以北网印、特印、工业喷印快速发展随着京津冀协同一体化进程不断加速,非首都功能的印刷、服装、包装、喷绘等大部分产业将迁出北京,展会在河北省会石家庄举办这必将极大加速河北印刷和相关等行业快速发展和转型升级。河北及周边省份拥有纺织印花、包装、玻璃、陶瓷、箱包、太阳能、电子等工业的基础;将辐射京、津、冀、鲁、豫以及东北、西北以及长江以北的广大北方地区,环渤海经济圈在中国"一带一     

2016 ITMA展(上海)调研报告

正展会综述10月21日-25日,2016中国国际纺织机械展览会暨ITMA亚洲展览会在上海国家会展中心举办。本届展会是"中国国际纺织机械展览会"和"ITMA亚洲展"两大国际品牌展会第5次联袂在中国举办,是有史以来规模最大的一届。共有来自28个国家和地区的1673家企业参展,参展企业数量同比增长7%,展出面积超过17万平方米,同比增长12%。观众方面,共计10万余人次参观,分别来自     

鼓励外商投资高新技术产品目录(2003年)

碱性纤维素酶木聚糖酶耐碱性蛋白酶L-氨基酸的新酶种D-氨基酸的新酶种谷胱甘肽L-氨基酸D-氨基酸真菌多糖高纯度金属硫蛋白(MT)发酵甘油PS铝合金板饮料罐铝板氧化锆陶瓷粉体陶瓷基片无机分离膜及功能隔膜压电陶瓷元件高性能陶瓷刀具材料多功能轻质复合板碳化硅陶瓷制品氮化硅陶瓷制品微波介质陶瓷耐高温可加工陶瓷挤出蜂窝陶瓷材料与制品多孔陶瓷及制品高强度玻璃纤维和高弹性模量玻璃纤维石英玻璃纤维及制品涂铝玻璃波纤维连续玻璃纤维原丝毡及玻璃纤维表面毡高线密度玻璃纤维直接无捻粗纱微电子用玻璃纤维布及薄毡电解电容器纸高性能覆…     

2003年国家行业标准(轻工业部分)

序号备案号行业标准编号行业标准名称代替标准号批准日期实施日期标准主管部门112488-2003FZ/T93060-2003非织造布梳理机2003-09-042004-01-01国家发展和改革委员会212495-2003QB2581-2003低聚果糖2003-09-132003-10-01国家发展和改革委员会312496-2003QB2582-2003酵母抽提物2003-09-132003-10-01国家发展和改革委员会412497-2003QB2583-2003纤维素酶制剂2003-09-132003-10-01国家发展和改革委员会512498-2003QB2584-2003蒸汽淋浴房2003-09-132003-10-01国家发展和改革委员会612499-2003QB2585-2003喷水按摩浴缸2003-09-132003-10-01…     

2003年世界乳业形势(续)

人的乳食消费指的是扣除或乳制品用于饲养和其他用途后消费的乳总量。特别是由于幼仔的哺乳量与奶牛的泌乳量之间的关系发生了变化，一般来说，牛乳用于饲养的比例正在下降而泌乳量持续增长。在乳品加工量较低和收奶不发达的国家，用作饲料的乳量仍占较大比例。生牛乳从用于哺乳转向加工，可为人类更多的牛乳消费提供一个较大的储备。当乳消费数据仅仅涉及到产量时，所有这些都是应该被考虑到的。乳制品不用于为人类提供营养的比例是很小的，只有像酪蛋白和乳清衍生物等一些特殊产品，但在市场供应比例较大的地方，这些产品可被用于除食品或饲料以外的其他目的。     

2003年世界乳业形势(续)

表20奶油消费量奥地利比利时4055l135490548l0l21765420255018776526441403138l6235lI473608759340404.94.9丹麦芬兰法国德国希腊爱尔兰意大利荷兰葡萄牙西班牙瑞典l’英国欧盟巧国挪威”瑞士冰岛捷克共和国匈牙利波兰斯洛伐克斯洛文尼亚爱沙尼亚拉脱维亚立陶宛白俄罗斯俄罗斯加拿大美国墨西哥阿根廷澳大利亚新西兰以色列日本南非1749274320017342l44I446157153642217167521447157l64.95.12.06.98.36.71.0322.33.13。40.75.片3.24.74.46.03.63.90.8363.01.02l2.22.94.62.42.8214.95.01.66。78.36.60.73,02,83.31.90.74.93.44.64.4604.34.10…     

Evaluation of Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction–HPLC–UV for Determination of Deoxynivalenol (DON) in Wheat Flour

A fast and simple method for the extraction of deoxynivalenol (DON) from wheat flour using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography–UV detection has been developed and compared with immunoaffinity column cleanup (IAC) process. The influence of several important parameters on the extraction efficacy was studied. Under optimized conditions, a linear calibration curve was obtained in the range of 50–1,000 μg/L. Average recoveries of DON from spiked wheat samples at levels of 500 μg/kg for DLLME and IAC ranged from 72.9?±?1.6 and 85.5?±?3.1, respectively. A good correlation was found for spiked samples between DLLME and IAC methods. The limit of detection was 125 and 50 μg/kg for DLLME and IAC method, respectively. Advantages of DLLME method with respect to the IAC have been pointed out.