用电阻应变片监测胶层固化过程的方法

本文试验了电阻应变片用于监测胶层固化程度的测试方法,以环氧树脂胶粘剂为研究对象,得到了用胶层的应变处于周期性变化的开始点为基本完成固化的判据。与其他监测方法相比,具有成本低、适应性广、结果准确可靠的优点。     

反射镜用光学环氧胶粘接固化工艺研究

对同一种反射镜支撑形式的试验件用同一种光学环氧胶进行了两种不同的胶的固化工艺路线,经过分析对比,得出了一种比较合理的可以应用于反射镜支撑粘接用胶的固化工艺路线,经过试验检验,本工艺路线能有效释放光学环氧胶在固化过程中产生的内应力,从而保证了所粘接反射镜的面形精度。     

胶层固化对反射镜面形影响的仿真与试验

研究了用厚胶层进行光学零件之间的黏结操作时,胶层固化后其收缩力对反射镜面形的影响。首先,分析了胶层固化过程中胶层对光学元件产生拉应力的原理,找到了胶层固化过程中产生收缩力的主要因素。其次,建立了反射镜胶结组件的有限元模型,采用等效热变形法仿真分析了胶层收缩对反射镜面形的影响,分析发现胶层的等效线胀系数不能直接采用收缩率代替,而将材料的收缩率转换为胶层的等效线胀系数后,分析结果与试验结果吻合较好。最后,提出了减小胶层收缩对反射镜面形影响的改进方案。试验结果表明:黏胶方案改进后,胶层固化过程中的收缩力引起反射镜中心区域鼓包的PV值从0.574λ减小为0.064λ,镜面面形均方根值从0.127λ减小为0.038λ,这些结果显示胶层固化过程中产生的收缩力对反射镜面形的影响得到了显著改善。     

基于微波固化技术的快速胶接修复机的研制

根据微波快速固化、均匀制热的机理,研制开发了全新的微波快速胶接修复机,并进行了性能测试.测试结果证明,该技术能很好地满足飞机等装备一般结构件的胶接修复要求.     

一种用于飞机结构修理的胶接固化仪的研制

基于脉宽调制(PWM)控温技术和热传导原理,研制出了用于飞机结构胶接修理的固化仪。经应用证明,该设备性能稳定、控温精度高,可满足飞机复合材料结构和金属薄板结构胶接修理的中温固化需要。     

胶层脱粘对金属胶接修理后剩余强度的影响研究

本文主要研究了胶层脱粘对金属平板复合材料补片胶接修理后拉伸剩余强度的影响。首先根据补片下方剪应力分布解析公式,将胶接修理区域划分为脱粘安全区和脱粘影响区,然后进行了金属平板结构胶接修理的剩余强度试验以研究胶层脱粘的影响,并验证理论分析结果。结果表明:在脱粘安全区内,胶层自身不参与承载,胶层脱粘对金属平板结构的拉伸剩余强度没有影响;而在脱粘影响区内,出现的胶层脱粘会对金属平板结构的拉伸剩余强度产生影响。     

金刚石丸片粘接用胶的研制及使用

主要以环氧E-51树脂、聚硫橡胶、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、耐水固化剂、固化促进剂等材料配制的丸片胶，具有固化快、耐水性好等特点，可用于金刚石丸片及铣磨轮的粘接。本文同时还介绍了丸片胶的使用方法。     

天然鳞片石墨粉的化学镀铜工艺

为提高天然鳞片石墨镀铜效果,首先对天然鳞片石墨粉进行预处理,然后在其表面进行化学镀铜;研究了镀液温度、主盐浓度、还原剂加入量及装载量等因素对化学镀铜的影响,在此基础上获得了最佳工艺参数,最后对镀铜石墨粉进行钝化;对镀铜石墨粉进行了表征。结果表明:最佳化学镀铜工艺参数为镀液温度50.0℃,镀液中硫酸铜质量浓度20.0 g·L~(-1),甲醛加入量25.0mL·L~(-1),装载量为5.0～6.0 g·L~(-1);在此条件下,镀液稳定性好,且镀速较快,能够在石墨表面较为完整地镀覆一层金属铜,得到的镀铜石墨粉色泽光亮;苯并三氮唑(BTA)酒精溶液的钝化效果良好,可以有效防止新生铜的氧化。     

胶层缺陷对胶接-拉铆搭接剪切接头力学性能影响研究

近年来胶接-拉铆技术在载运工具和航空航天等领域得到了广泛应用,而大型结构连接部件的制备过程会不可避免地在胶层内部产生局部缺陷,进而影响接头服役性能。以胶接-拉铆单/双搭接接头为研究对象,通过在胶层区域设置不同形式的人工缺陷,模拟胶层制备过程中产生的胶层内部缺陷,研究其对胶铆接头搭接剪切力学性能的影响规律。以6061-T6铝合金为基底制备胶接-拉铆接头试件,考虑单、双搭接试件形式,胶层内部预先放置不同厚度、面积、形状、位置的聚四氟乙烯缺陷片,对固化后的接头进行准静态拉伸破坏试验,并采用宏观观测和扫描电镜分析胶层失效表面宏观和微观样貌,从而对胶层内部缺陷对其失效模式影响机理进行评价。试验结果表明,接头主要失效模式为内聚失效,胶层中缺陷的位置、面积、厚度会对接头失效载荷以及失效强度产生不同程度影响,而缺陷的形状对接头力学性能影响不大。无缺陷的双搭接试件胶层失效载荷是单搭接试件1.62倍,单搭接试件胶层失效强度是双搭接试件1.24倍。有圆形缺陷的双搭接试件失效载荷是单搭接试件2倍,而失效强度没有受较大影响。基于现有试验结果,可以为实际结构设计中含胶层缺陷胶铆复合接头失效强度提供有效评估方法。     

Tribological behaviors of graphite/epoxy two-phase composite coatings

To obtain a composite coating possessing both good conductivity and high wear resistance, a series of coatings with conductive graphite and epoxy resin were designed. The seepage critical value (SCV) of conductive coatings was used to identify the transformation between continuous phase and dispersed phase for graphite/epoxy composite coatings. Before SCV, the coatings were insulated with epoxy resin as continuous phase and the wear behavior was primarily characterized of adhesive wear with local adhesive spalling of epoxy resin. After SCV, the coatings appeared conductivity and the surface resistance decreased monotonically with the increase of graphite content. Both the curves of friction coefficient vs. graphite content and wear rate vs. graphite content showed the same model with two valleys at graphite content of 30% and 50%, respectively. At graphite content of 50%, an optimal solid lubricant film was obtained which leaded to the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate, due to a possible dynamic equilibrium between the transfer and spalling of debris. The tribological behaviors of these coatings were evaluated using a ring-on-block tribo-tester under dry sliding friction.     

不同磁特性填料对环氧胶剪切强度的影响

采用自制的装置研究了在环氧胶中加入不同磁特性的填料后,对经磁场处理钢-环氧胶接头剪切强度的影响。研究结果表明:逆磁性填料对磁处理效果的影响不明显;顺磁性填料可进一步提高磁处理效果;加入铁磁性填料会由于在胶层中受到明显的磁场力作用导致接头的强度下降。     

Tribological studies of epoxy and its composite coatings on steel in dry and lubricated sliding

Industrial lubricants are invariably used with additives (with high sulfur and phosphorous contents) for tribological performance enhancement. However, these additives are environmentally very harmful. Hence, there is an urgent need to find alternate solutions for enhancing the tribological performance of lubricants and components without the use of harmful additives. The objective of this work is to investigate the feasibility of using polymer composite coatings in enhancing the tribological properties of steel surfaces in dry and base oil lubricated conditions. Pure epoxy and its composite (with 10?wt-% of graphene or graphite powder) films were coated onto steel substrates and tested under dry and base oil lubricated conditions. Friction and wear experiments were conducted on a ball on cylinder tribometer between polymer/composite coated cylindrical steel surface (shaft) and an uncoated steel ball as the counterface. Tests were conducted at various normal loads and speeds. In dry condition at 3 N load and 0.63?m s^??1 sliding speed, the wear life of epoxy was increased by five times and coefficient of friction was nearly the same (0.18) on inclusion of graphene nanoparticle. In lubricated case, epoxy/graphene composite coating performed eight times and more than five times better than pure epoxy and epoxy/graphite respectively.     

Investigations on the influence of graphite filler on dry sliding wear and abrasive wear behaviour of carbon fabric reinforced epoxy composites

In this experimental study, the dry sliding wear and two-body abrasive wear behaviour of graphite filled carbon fabric reinforced epoxy composites were investigated. Carbon fabric reinforced epoxy composite was used as a reference material. Sliding wear experiments were conducted using a pin-on-disc wear tester under dry contact condition. Mass loss was determined as a function of sliding velocity for loads of 25, 50, 75, and 100 N at a constant sliding distance of 6000 m. Two-body abrasive wear experiments were performed under multi-pass condition using silicon carbide (SiC) of 150 and 320 grit abrasive papers. The effects of abrading distance and different loads have been studied. Abrasive wear volume and specific wear rate as a function of applied normal load and abrading distance were also determined.The results show that in dry sliding wear situations, for increased load and sliding velocity, higher wear loss was recorded. The excellent wear characteristics were obtained with carbon-epoxy containing graphite as filler. Especially, 10 wt.% of graphite in carbon-epoxy gave a low wear rate. A graphite surface film formed on the counterface was confirmed to be effective in improving the wear characteristics of graphite filled carbon-epoxy composites. In case of two-body abrasive wear, the wear volume increases with increasing load/abrading distance. Experimental results showed the type of counterface (hardened steel disc and SiC paper) material greatly influences the wear behaviour of the composites. Wear mechanisms of the composites were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Wear of carbon-epoxy composite was found to be mainly due to a microcracking and fiber fracture mechanisms. It was found that the microcracking mechanism had been caused by progressive surface damage. Further, it was also noticed that carbon-epoxy composite wear is reduced to a greater extent by addition of the graphite filler, in which wear was dominated by microplowing/microcutting mechanisms instead of microcracking.     

Effect of process induced variations on machining characteristics of a model epoxy resin system

The present work aims to understand the effect of process induced variation on mechanisms of failure, deformation and damage mechanisms in a model epoxy resin system during machining. Process variations have been introduced for a 5052 Huntsman epoxy resin system by considering three post-cure temperature and cycles, viz., 50°C for 15 h, 80°C for 8 h and 100°C for 4 h. Detailed orthogonal cutting experiments have been carried out at different cutting speeds, rake angles and uncut chip thicknesses. Studies of chip formation characteristics, cutting force signatures and fractography indicate a significant brittle-like behavior with increasing post-cure temperature resulting in discontinuous chips that became more pronounced for a positive rake angle. Concurrently, extensive mechanical characterization under different strain rates and temperatures has been carried out using dynamic mechanical analyzer for the epoxy specimens. In addition, standard tensile tests have also been conducted that indicate a correlation between mechanical properties and post-cure temperature cycles. Results are indicative of a strong correlation between post-cure variations and associated failure, fracture characteristics during machining that can be used as a tool for assessing the in-situ cure characteristics in a composite structure.     

某塑料模具的石墨电极数控加工工艺

分析石墨电极数控加工的特点和难点,应用Mastercam数控加工技术,采取适当的工艺措施和合理的工艺路线,完成石墨电极的数控加工。     

Influence of graphite nodules on the particles erosion of spheroidal graphite cast irons

The influence of graphite nodules on the normal angle erosion of the spheroidal graphite cast irons with four different matrices, namely ferrite, upper bainite, lower bainite and martensite, was investigated. The results indicate that, in the range investigated (10-15 area pet), graphite nodules (with variations in area percent and size) did not exert any influence in the irons with ferrite or upper bainite matrix. However, in the case of the spheroidal graphite cast iron with martensitic matrix, both increasing area percent and decreasing diameter of graphite nodules did in fact raise the erosion rate; moreover, those cast in metal molds consistently experienced higher erosion rate than those cast in sand molds. For the irons with a lower bainite matrix, increasing the amount of graphite nodules raises the erosion rate for those cast in sand molds, but did not affect the erosion rate for those cast in metal molds; furthermore, the erosion rate of the sanded-molded irons was consistently higher than their metal molded counterparts. The different roles of graphite nodules on the erosion rates of the spheroidal graphite cast irons are discussed.     

A study on the tribological characteristics of graphite nano lubricants

Many researchers have tried to improve the tribological characteristics of lubricants to decrease friction coefficients and wear rates. One approach is simply the use of additives in the base lubricant to change its properties. Recently, nanoparticles have emerged as a new kind of additive because of their size, shape and other properties. A nano lubricant is a new kind of engineering lubricant made of nanoparticles, dispersant, and base lubricant. In this study, graphite nanoparticles were used to fabricate nano lubricants with enhanced tribological properties and lubrication characteristics. The base lubricant used was industrial gear oil, which has a kinematic viscosity of 220 cSt at 40°C. To investigate the physical and tribological properties of nano lubricants, friction coefficients and temperatures were measured by a disk-on-disk tribotester. The surfaces of the fixed plates were observed by a scanning electron microscope and an atomic force microscope to analyze the characteristics of the friction surfaces. The results show that when comparing fixed plates coated with raw and nano lubricants, the plate coated with a nano lubricant containing graphite nanoparticles had a lower friction coefficient and less wear. These results indicate that graphite nanoparticle additives improve the lubrication properties of regular lubricants.     

胶层尺寸对铝锂合金单搭接胶接接头剪切强度的影响

通过试验研究了不同胶层尺寸对铝锂合金单搭接胶接接头剪切强度的影响,并建立了相应的有限元模型,详细分析胶层厚度和搭接长度对应力分布的影响。结果表明:胶接接头的剪切强度随胶层厚度的增加先升后降,合理的胶层厚度为0.2～0.6mm;胶接接头的剪切强度随搭接长度的增加呈非线性增加,合理的搭接长度为12～16mm;有限元模拟结果与试验结果基本一致。     

黏结剂组元对固体润滑涂层性能的影响

固定石墨、MoS2含量,通过改变黏结剂环氧树脂E54、酚醛环氧树脂F44的比例,设计配比几种黏结固体润滑涂层配方。基体黏结剂热失重分析试验可知,温度超过250℃以后,基体黏结剂开始缓慢分解,温度升高至300℃左右时热分解速度加快,热失重迅速增大,F44的添加可以提高E54环氧树脂的耐热性能。不同载荷条件下黏结固体润滑涂层的摩擦磨损结果表明:黏结剂组元中F44的比例过高或过低都不利于涂层承载能力的提高,当黏结剂组元中F44与E54的比例为3∶2时,黏结涂层体现了较好的摩擦学特性和最高的承载能力。