微生物降解油烟废气的条件优化

生物法降解油烟废气具有具有处理效率高,投资及运行费用低,无二次污染,具有较好的除异味能力的优点。对一株对油烟有较强降解能力的菌株进行单因素分析实验以优化降解条件,得到该菌株的最佳降解条件为pH7.5、食用油浓度6g/L、降解时间48h、温度30℃。     

好氧优势菌株分离及其对垃圾渗滤液中有机酸性物质的降解研究

分离筛选能够快速降解垃圾渗滤液中难降解有机酸性物质的优势茵种8株,研究了这8菌株及其混合体对苯甲酸、苯酚、邻苯二甲酸、脂肪酸等以垃圾渗滤液中常见的有机酸性物质的降解特性.这8株高效单一菌株中3株为细菌,2株为真菌,3株为放线茵.研究结果表明,8菌株对有机酸性物质的降解效果均有不同,不同菌株对不同有机酸性物质有最佳的降解效果,在特定的条件下可降解至最低甚至到零.混合菌群对芳香有机酸性混合物的降解效果最好,反应48 h内芳香类酸性物质产生的COD去除率为74.7%.     

阿特拉津高效降解菌株的筛选和降解特性研究

用富集培养法从城市污水处理厂的污泥中分离得到一株能够降解除草剂阿特拉津的降解菌株,命名为L-1。接种于500mg.L-1的阿特拉津无机盐培养基,96h对阿特拉津的降解率达到94.8%,降解效果理想,对其进行菌种的初步鉴定并对其降解特性进行研究。结果表明,该菌株被鉴定为节杆菌(Arthrobacter sp.)。通过室内降解效果优化试验,确定菌株L-1对阿特拉津最佳降解条件:温度为30℃,初始pH值范围为7~8。     

Burkholderia Vietnamiensis对水中结晶紫的降解

从福州某印染厂活性污泥中分离筛选出1株对结晶紫染料有强脱色能力的菌株,根据其形态学特征和生理生化鉴定以及16S rRNA基因序列分析,鉴定为Burkholderia Vietnamiensis C09V.在振荡培养条件下对该菌株的脱色降解特性进行了研究,结果表明,菌株C09V的最佳碳源为葡萄糖;最佳氮源为KNO3;最适脱色初始pH为5.0;最佳菌投加体积分数为5％;最适脱色温度为35℃;在最适脱色条件下脱色36 h,该菌株对30 mg·L-1结晶紫脱色率可达到96.5％.     

一株耐盐石油烃降解菌的分离、鉴定及其降解特性研究

研究通过逐渐提高培养液的盐浓度从含石油烃的钻井泥浆中驯化获得四株耐盐的石油烃降解菌,筛选出1株对原油降解效率高的优势菌株SW-1。经16S r RNA基因序列分析确定其系统发育地位,采用单因素实验研究环境因素对该菌原油降解率的影响,研究其对典型石油烃类物质的降解能力及降解特性。结果表明:石油烃降解菌耐受的盐度为9%;盐度为0时,菌株SW-1的原油降解率为51.49%; 16S r RNA基因序列比对结果显示,该菌株与Bacillus licheniformis MGB70112. 1核苷酸序列相似性为100%; p H值为9,温度为30℃降解效果最佳;在9%盐浓度,最佳条件下培养7 d,SW-1菌株对原油的降解率为33. 10%,对菲的降解率为46. 53%; GC-MS分析结果表明,菌株SW-1可以降解链长为C19～C28的烷烃,C19～C28烷烃的平均降解率达到18. 48%。     

一株腈化物降解菌的分离、鉴定及降解特性

从长期被腈化物污染的土壤中分离到一株具有较宽腈化物降解利用谱的菌株YL-1。经过对YL-1形态特征及生理生化指标的分析,初步鉴定为红球菌。YL-1能降解丙烯腈生成丙烯酰胺。YL-1培养40h后可获得54U/mg的干细胞比活力。YL-1降解丙烯腈的最佳条件是温度30℃,pH=7 0,在该条件下对φ(丙烯腈)=0 2%的降解率可达99 4%。     

降解氟苯生产废水中苯酚的菌株分离、鉴定及降解特性的研究

从氟苯生产废水流经的下水道污泥中筛选到一株高效苯酚降解菌株FH-12,以苯酚为唯一碳源的无机盐培养基培养该菌株,能在48h内将1200mg/L的苯酚完全降解,经形态学观察、生理生化研究和16SrDNA菌株鉴定,初步断定其为产碱菌属。通气、温度30℃、pH8.0最有利于该菌降解苯酚,高浓度的氟化钠和苯胺的存在对该菌降解苯酚几乎无影响,添加适量无机盐菌株FH-12在40h内能将氟苯生产废水中含量约为1000mg/L的苯酚完全降解。     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及对镇江古运河水的应用研究

从土壤、活性污泥等试样中筛选得到5株具有絮凝活性的菌种,其中从沉淀池活性污泥中筛选出的菌株B2絮凝活性最高。并研究了pH值、碳源量以及氮源量的变化对该菌株絮凝活性的影响。结果表明：菌株B2的最佳培养条件是pH值为7．0、葡萄糖浓度为30．0g／L、酵母膏浓度为0．25g／L。同时该菌株对镇江古运河水的絮凝活性由68．4％提高到81．6％。     

菌株DN-3的分离鉴定及其脱氮性能研究

由活性污泥中分离得到一株脱氮菌株DN-3,通过对菌株形态观察、生理生化鉴定及16SrDNA序列分析,确定该菌株为脱氮副球菌属,该菌株可利用丁二酸钠和甲醇作为碳源和电子供体进行反硝化脱氮.在限氧条件下反应48 h时,总氮脱除率达99.9％;在好氧条件下反应48 h时,总氮脱除率只有37％.该菌株在限氧及好氧条件下,可利用氨氮进行异养-好氧反硝化,氨氮脱除率均可以达到99％以上;在限氧条件下,可单独利用硝态氮作为氮源进行反硝化脱氮.该菌株可实现同步硝化反硝化,可以独立完成生物脱氮的全部过程.     

蜡状芽孢杆菌菌株SMC的间甲酚降解特性及动力学

针对高浓度间甲酚废水难降解的问题,通过筛选获得一株高效降解间甲酚的菌株,并进一步探究其对间甲酚的降解特性和降解动力学.本文从某焦化厂活性污泥中经过驯化、筛选分离得到一株以间甲酚为唯一碳源的高效降解菌株,对其进行16S rDNA分子鉴定;通过测定培养液中间甲酚的剩余浓度,考察在菌株对间甲酚的最佳降解条件;并采用Haldane模型来模拟菌株降解间甲酚的动力学行为.将分离得到的菌株命名为SMC,初步鉴定为Bacillus cereus;在pH值为7.5、温度为30℃、摇床转速为150r/min的最佳培养条件下,菌株SMC在48h内对浓度1600mg/L的间甲酚降解率达97.81%,对间甲酚最大耐受能力为1900mg/L;经过Haldane模型拟合后的动力学参数为μ_max=0.01252h^-1,K_S=34.58mg/L,K_i=479.5mg/L(R²=0.932).菌株SMC对间甲酚有较强的降解能力,在高效处理含酚废水方面具有一定的应用前景.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.