HNS的细化工艺研究

研究了低温结晶法制备超细六硝基 (HNS)的工艺 ,把炸药溶液高度分散成细流状态加到低温水中 ,并加入合适的表面活性剂 ,得到比表面积达 2 3m2 ·g-1,平均粒径为 0 .36 μm ,纯度为98.5 %的亚微米HNS。     

冲击片雷管用炸药HNS─Ⅳ

美军于1994年12月颁布了关于炸药2，2＇，4，4＇，6，6＇—六硝基，HNS—Ⅳ的军用规范MIL－E－82903（OS），代替了美国海军海洋系统司令部关于HNS－Ⅳ的技术规范WS32972A（1990年2月）。该军用规范建立了具有高热稳定性的小颗粒HNS炸药的采购要求，供海军海洋系统司令部使用，并适用于国防部所属各部局。规范规定HNS—Ⅳ应由HNS—Ⅱ粉碎沉淀而得，应为比表面积在5．0～25．0m2·g－1内的超细颗粒尺寸的材料，压制的HNS—Ⅳ装药能被沉定的冲击片组件起爆，在室温条件下测试时，其平均飞片速率应小于或等于3．00mm·μs-1和大于或…     

超临界CO_2反溶剂法制备CL-20超细微粒

利用超临界二氧化碳反溶剂法(SAS),以乙酸乙酯为溶剂,聚乙烯醇-200(PEG-200)为表面活性剂,在50℃、12 MPa,CL-20溶液质量百分浓度为5%的条件下,制备了CL-20超细微粒。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TGA)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)对其进行了测试,研究了其撞击感度,对SAS过程中CL-20晶型的形成机理进行了分析。研究表明,所得CL-20超细微粒表面圆润,无明显棱角,粒径分布均匀,平均粒径为1.33μm。     

超细HNS的高效过滤技术研究

为提高超细HNS的过滤效率,以一种高分子滤板为过滤介质,自行研制了一套与之匹配的压滤装置,对喷射细化HNS悬浮液进行了过滤研究。采用激光粒度仪和冷场发射扫描电镜(SEM)对悬浮液中的HNS颗粒的粒度和形貌进行了表征,并对悬浮液的固含量进行了测定。此外,从过滤速率、过滤效果、滤饼固含量3个方面和传统真空负压过滤工艺进行了对比。结果表明:该压滤工艺的过滤速率、过滤效果和滤饼固含量均高于传统真空过滤工艺;过滤等量的HNS悬浮液,传统真空负压过滤工艺所用的时间约为该压滤工艺的2～3倍。     

含能催化复合纳米材料的制备研究

亚铬酸铜是促进复合固体推进剂中高氯酸铵分解的一种很好的催化剂,但由于以往制备的亚铬酸铜及高氯酸铵超细微粒易发生团聚,不能有效地对高氯酸铵的分解起催化作用。本文使用高能球磨法,使纳米级亚铬酸铜嵌入或粘附于高氯酸铵晶体表面而形成复合粒子,因而大大地提高了对高氯酸铵的催化效果,使高氯酸铵的热分解反应温度区间明显前移,热分解反应的激烈程度大大提高     

非球形微粒气溶胶质量消光系数的计算

在Ｍａｘｗｅｌｌ理论和基本假设的基础上，采用积分方程方法，推导了适于金属化膜或纯金属片状，圆柱形超细微粒气溶胶质量消光系数的计算公式；研究分析了影响气溶胶消光的因素。为光电对抗干源干扰选材提供了理论依据。     

高纯纳米HNS的制备与表征

采用溶液急冷重结晶和溶剂非溶剂重结晶相结合的方法得到了2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-六硝基茋(HNS)高纯纳米颗粒.经过纳米化后,HNS的颗粒形貌更为圆滑,粒度分布处于58.9～231.6nm之间,纯度由90.1％提高到99.44％,比表面积为19.27m2·g-1.撞击感度测试表明,纳米HNS的撞击感度较之原料HNS有所降低,冲击片感度提高.     

超细HNS/HMX混晶的制备与性能

为提高超细六硝基茋HNS(HNS-Ⅳ)输出能量,采用溶剂/非溶剂法制备超细HNS/HMX混合晶体,并进行形貌表征及性能研究.结果表明: 混晶中的HMX细化晶体依然为β型,并被HNS超细粒子包覆在核内;HNS-Ⅳ与超细HNS/HMX比例为80/20和70/30时,其性能测试结果为: 比表面积(SBET): 14.25 m2·g-1、9.98 m2·g-1、9.56 m2·g-1;撞击感度: 52%、76%、78%;摩擦感度: 14%、16%、19%;起爆能: 0.49 J、0.50 J、0.58 J.     

机械球磨法制备纳米HNS及其热分解性能

为细化六硝基茋(HNS),采用高能球磨法制备出了平均粒径为94.8 nm的纳米HNS炸药。用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外(IR)、X光电子能谱(XPS)、DSC-IR和5 s爆发点,进行了HNS样品的表征和分析。结果表明,球磨后炸药的微观形貌呈类球形,粒度呈正态分布。机械球磨作用并未改变HNS原有的晶型、分子结构、及表面元素,说明该制备纳米HNS方法十分可靠。纳米HNS热分解的表观活化能较原料HNS高12.4 kJ·mol~(-1),说明纳米HNS分子的活化需要更高的能量。纳米HNS被加热后分解成了大量的CO_2和少量H_2O,而N元素以非极性的N_2分子存在。纳米HNS的5s爆发点(T_(5s))较原料高12.2℃,说明纳米HNS具有更低的热感度。     

亚微米HNS炸药的形貌控制研究

建立了溶剂非溶剂双流体喷嘴辅助重结晶工艺.考察了该工艺中非溶剂温度、pH值及添加不同的晶形控制剂对制备亚微米HNS晶体的形貌的影响.结果表明: 非溶剂温度由25 ℃升高到55 ℃后,HNS晶体形貌由短片状变为细长片状;pH值由酸性变化到中性再到碱性时,亚微米HNS的晶体形貌经历椭球状、短片状、棒状的系列变化,粒度分布分别处于50～300 nm、50～500 nm、50～600 nm;白糊精和羧甲基纤维素钠作为晶形控制剂修饰后的亚微米HNS晶体形貌分别椭圆片状和长棒状,粒度分布分别处于50～300 nm、50～600 nm.     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.