利用井下水力旋流器提高井下清洗效果

在石油钻井中,随着钻井深度的逐渐加深和钻井射流中的固相颗粒含量的不断增多,将会影响钻井射流清洗井底岩屑的效果,导致钻井速度降低,钻头磨损加剧。为此,根据水力旋流器的工作原理、结构和井下空间的适应性,进行了井下水力旋流器室内实验装置的结构设计。最后对它进行了室内实验。实验表明,井下水力旋流器的使用,进入钻头的固相含量降低值在0.9%～1.4%之间。     

除油水力旋流器结构尺寸筛选试验研究

在室内模拟实验装置上 ,采用粒级效率进行了旋流器的小锥管锥角、溢流口直径、底流口直径、底流直管段长度和入口当量直径等尺寸筛选实验。筛选结果表明 ,旋流器的溢流口直径和底流口直径对旋流器的分离效果产生较大影响。     

聚结破碎模型在水力旋流器模拟中的应用与对比

为研究不同聚结破碎模型对油水分离水力旋流器内油滴粒径分布特性的影响,以双锥式水力旋流器为研究对象,采用计算流体动力学方法加载群体平衡模型,开展12种不同聚结破碎模型组合方案的数值模拟研究.通过开展室内分离性能及粒度分析实验对不同方案模拟结果进行筛选及验证.结果 表明:luo聚结与luo破碎组合模拟得出的旋流器底流口油滴...     

油井采出液预分水用轴向水力旋流器的实验研究

高含水油井采出液的高效预分水是目前油气集输处理领域面临的关键难题之一,轴向水力旋流器因具有结构紧凑、分离效率高等优点而得到了国内外的广泛关注。本文针对自主研发的油井采出液预分水用轴向水力旋流器开展了室内实验研究。与切向水力旋流器对比,轴向水力旋流器不仅分离效率更高,而且油出口处的油滴聚结长大近1.8倍,在分水率高于50%的情况下,水出口处的含油浓度低于1000mg/L;轴向水力旋流器压降较低,且压降比与分流比呈线性相关。分流比、含水率和流量对分离性能均有显著影响,其中分流比的变化直接影响油核的大小和稳定性,室内样机的最佳分流比为0.45,当含水率为90%、处理量为1.00m³/h时分水率与含油浓度分别为62.9%和432.8mg/L;含水率高于75%时分离性能良好;室内样机的最佳流量为1.50m³/h。自主研发的轴向水力旋流器不仅满足性能要求,而且在操作弹性、可控性方面较切向水力旋流器均有一定的提升。     

脱气除砂一体化旋流器采出液处理技术

设计了单锥型同轴式脱气除砂一体化三相分离旋流器,针对油田水驱采出液开展了室内模拟试验研究,检验了其处理效果。对水驱和三元复合驱采出液的处理效果开展了数值模拟分析对比,结果表明:该旋流器在用于水驱和三元驱采出液脱气除砂处理时,均表现出较为优良的分离性能。     

除油型旋流器压降比特性试验研究

在室内试验装置上对单锥除油型水力旋流器的压降比特性进行了试验研究。研究结果表明 ,除油型旋流器压降比的主要影响因素有分流比、入口流量和溢流背压等操作参数 ;溢流背压对压降比的影响存在一“门槛值”。根据试验结果 ,建立了除油型水力旋流器压降比的半经验计算模型     

集输站含油泥砂清洗技术研究

介绍了原油集输系统中洗砂用水力旋流器的结构特点、工作原理以及其室内实验研究情况。在对配制的含油砂样和油田现场取样砂样的密度、粘度以及粒度等物理特性进行研究的基础上 ,分析了流量、压力和原样含油率各项参数对旋流器洗砂效果的影响 ,并在此基础上确定了最佳实验工况 ,选定了合理的含油泥砂净化处理方法     

水力旋流器清洗研究与应用

针对海上原油处理设备水力旋流器沉积的有机垢和聚合物对处理水水质的影响问题,通过药剂筛选,得到了一种以有机溶剂、聚合物破胶剂和高效渗透剂组成的水力旋流器清洗液。室内实验证明,该清洗液可有效清除水力旋流器内部吸附、沉积形成的聚合物和原油有机垢。通过对现场清洗后水力旋流器出水水质监测,验证了该清洗液具有很好的清洗效果,能够满足现场使用要求。     

细颗粒杂质旋流脱水油田现场试验研究

针对大庆油田现场实际情况 ,在原有室内实验研究的基础上 ,采用水力旋流器对细颗粒杂质的分离处理做了试验研究。试验结果表明 ,随流量的加大脱水率有增加的趋势 ,最高可达 90 %左右 ,但并非流量越高越好 ;分流比为 8.75 %以下时效果较为理想 ,但分流比过小时 ,旋流器底流管路中出现明显堵塞现象 ;5°锥角旋流器的分离效果要优于 8°锥角旋流器 ,且压力损失相对较低。初步试验研究表明 ,采用水力旋流器对油田污水中的细颗粒杂质进行处理是可行的     

基于响应面法的水力旋流器结构参数优化

为了进一步增强水力旋流器的分离性能,采用响应面优化方法(Response Surface Methodology,RSM)对同向出流水力旋流器的结构参数进行优化,寻优范围为大锥段长度在51.3～62.7mm、小锥段长度在120.6～147.4mm、出水管长度在90～110mm内,构建了区域内结构参数对旋流器底流口含油浓度影响的数学关系模型,并获取了最佳结构参数。开展数值模拟和室内实验,对优化后旋流器的分离性能进行验证,结果显示,优化后的旋流器结构较原始结构可将分离效率提高4.45%,实验值与模拟值呈现出了较好的一致性,充分验证了优化结果的准确性。     

Acid etch of automotive clearcoats II. Comparison of degradation chemistry in laboratory and field testing

A laboratory test procedure was developed to quantitatively evaluate the acid etch resistance of automotive clearcoats. Here we attempt to verify that the conditions used in the laboratory test reproduce the field degradation chemistry to assure that the test is evaluating realistic performance characteristics. In this study we applied X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as a tool to determine if degradation products are observable which can be used to verify the consistency of the field and laboratory degradation processes for acrylic melamine-based clearcoats. Ford Research Laboratory, Dearborn, MI 48121-2053.     

Acid etch resistance of automotive clearcoats. I: Laboratory test method development

This paper reports on the development of a laboratory test procedure for the evaluation of the environmental etch resistance of clearcoats. The test evaluates the bulk acid hydrolysis resistance of clearcoats by gravimetrically following material weight loss as a function of exposure time to a sulfuric acid solution, under conditions that simulate outdoor exposure. The bulk hydrolysis resistance of five production clearcoat technologies including acrylic melamine, acrylic melamine-silane, carbamate, acrylic urethane, and epoxy acid were evaluated. Results from the weight loss measurements were consistent with those anticipated based on the coating systems bulk chemistry and inherent hydrolysis resistance, for clearcoat systems processed under nominal processing conditions. The relative rankings from the laboratory test were found to correlate with field etch ratings. The test method is inexpensive, quantitative, and generates repeatable results that are not subject to environmental variations associated with current field etch testing. Ford Research Laboratory, Dearborn, MI 48121-2053.     

烯啶虫胺对柑橘绣线菊蚜的室内杀虫活性及田间应用效果

[目的]通过室内毒力测定和田间试验评价10%烯啶虫胺可溶液剂对柑橘绣线菊蚜的防治效果。[方法]分别用Potter喷雾和常规喷雾法进行室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。[结果]10%烯啶虫胺可溶液剂和3%啶虫脒乳油对柑橘绣线菊蚜的LC50值分别为5.51、4.51 mg/L,两者毒力大体相当;10%烯啶虫胺可溶液剂质量浓度25 mg/L于药后1～14 d的防效达88.7%～100%,与3%啶虫脒乳油15 mg/L防效相当;质量浓度为15、20 mg/L的速效性稍差。[结论]10%烯啶虫胺可溶液剂是防治柑橘绣线菊蚜的理想药剂,在蚜虫种群密度较低时,推荐使用质量浓度为15～20 mg/L,在种群密度较高时使用25 mg/L,重点对新梢进行喷雾。     

Sampling Time Effect on 2,4‐Toluene Diisocyanate Concentration by using Different Samplers

Abstract

In order to understand the sampling time effect on the 2,4‐TDI (Toluene diisocyanate) concentrations, laboratory and field tests were conducted in this study. An ADS (annular denuder sampler) and two OFFCs (open face filter holders) with different filters were tested for 1 to 120 minutes in the laboratory using 2,4‐TDI gas. In the field study, the standard sampling method, the dual filter the triple filter and annular denuder systems were used at two workplaces to study the change of 2,4‐TDI concentrations with sampling time from 15 to 60 minutes. The test results in both laboratory and field studies show that the sampling time influences the sampled TDI concentration considerably which may be due to reaction of TDI with water vapor and polyo in the sampling process. It is evident that as sampling time increases the TDI concentration decreases very significantly.     

EFFECT OF TYPICAL SLAGS ON FIRE BRICK WITH A METHOD OF DETERMINATION CORRELATED TO SERVICE1

In an investigation of the problem of producing refractories which would give maximum resistance to slags encountered in service, laboratory slag tests were made in a rotary slagging test furnace. A photograph and sketch of the furnace are given and the method of operation is described. A photograph of a typical test is shown and test data are given for typical high iron oxide, high lime, and high soda slags. These data include the numerical rating of ten test bricks in each case. Ten slag tests have been made with 50 different mixes, all in the field of fireclay and diaspore refractories. Bricks of the brands which give best results in the laboratory were tested in service in malleable iron air furnaces, gray iron cupolas, and “bull” ladles where sodium carbonate purifier is used. Operating conditions are given and chemical analyses of slags presented in several instances. Special firing treatment was given a few bricks prior to service tests. Excellent correlation between laboratory and service tests was obtained in cases where high-temperature abrasion was not severe, demonstrating the reliability of the rotary furnace type of slagging test in predicting service results insofar as slag alone is concerned. Of equal importance with the reliability of the slag test is the need of a reliable high-temperature abrasion test. The data indicate that in many installations high-temperature abrasion is the major cause of failures that are charged entirely to slag erosion.     

高效缓蚀阻垢剂在百万吨甲醇厂的应用

久泰能源内蒙古有限公司甲醇厂的设计产能为年产100万t甲醇,是国内最大的煤制甲醇企业,针对该厂循环水系统可能出现的腐蚀和结垢问题,研究并开发了高效缓蚀阻垢剂,经过实验室试验和现场应用,证明该缓蚀阻垢剂完全能满足现场的要求.     

Corrosion inhibition by sodium molybdate

The ability of sodium molybdate to inhibit corrosion of mild steel is demonstrated using laboratory and field test data. Initial evidence is also presented indicating that molybdate inhibits the corrosion of copper and aluminium. Environmental aspects including fish toxicity data are discussed as is the likely mechanism of molybdate inhibition.     

苏里格地区南部盒8段沉积相特征

根据苏里格地区沉积背景,应用研究区取心井盒8段岩心观察及分析化验资料,对盒8段储层岩石学特征、原生的泥岩颜色、粒度特征以及沉积构造等相标志进行综合分析,确定苏里格南部盒8段气藏为辫状河三角洲沉积体系。在区内划分出辫状河道、河漫沼泽和水下分流河道等沉积微相,并指出区块有利的沉积相带为辫状河道和水下分流河道微相,储层砂体分布规律受河道的走向及延伸距离的控制。该成果为苏里格南部盒8段气藏优质储层的预测指出方向,也为气藏勘探开发方案的制定提供了地质依据。     

几种微乳剂制剂与相应其他剂型的药效对比

通过几种药剂的室内毒力测定和田间药效试验，表明ME的室内毒力高于同种有效成分的EC或WP，而田间药效与EC相当或略高，但高于WP。     

On the correlation between permeability properties and strength of concrete

In this paper an attempt is made to study the correlation between the permeability and the strength of concrete by means of new methods of measuring the permeability of air and water in concrete. The scatter of the results is rather large, probably due to the heterogeneous character of concrete containing aggregate particles which are large in comparison with the test cavity. Further research is needed for a more definite evaluation of the methods, which can be used in the laboratory as an additional research technique and in the field as an additional research technique and in the field as an in-situ test method.