几种翅片管换热器的应用研究

介绍了翅片管换热器的特点、材料及型式，列出了3种翅片管换热器的应用示例，分析了在不同应用条件下翅片管的应用情况，并给出了应用结果，为翅片管换热器的应用方法提供了借鉴，最后分析了新型AIF翅片管换热器的研制及应用。     

自动化技术在电子信息工程设计中的应用

随着计算机技术的发展，自动化技术在电子信息工程设计中得到了广泛的应用。对自动化技术在电子信息工程设计中的应用进行了概述，重点介绍了在电路设计和系统设计中的自动化技术应用，并分析了自动化技术在电子信息工程设计中的优点和挑战。此外，通过实际案例分析，阐述了自动化技术在电子信息工程设计中的应用效果和实际应用价值。     

人工神经网络在化学工程中的应用

介绍了人工神经网络在化学工程中的应用，讨论了应用中的优点和局限性，预示了其应用的发展前景。     

信息化在化工生产管理中的应用实践

结合某化工企业信息化建设和应用实际，简要阐述了信息化在生产调度、节能降碳、安全环保等生产管理环节中的具体应用情况，以及所取得的效果，并对信息化在化工生产管理中的进一步深化应用进行了展望，指出了化工企业信息化建设和应用的重点。     

电解氟化在高科技领域的应用

本文阐述了电解氟化的反应机理及特点，介绍有机氟化工产品的应用，介绍了含氟有机物在医学方面的应用，并展望含氟化合物的应用前景。     

机器学习在生态环境大数据中的应用

大数据时代人工智能技术的研究成果和普及应用，为生态环境各类数据的监测、分析、研判和应用提供了强大的技术支持，推动了环境治理体系的建设。分析了大数据技术的应用现状，提出了环保智慧时代背景下机器学习的未来发展方向，旨在推动数据处理算法在生态环境领域的研究和应用，提高各类环境数据的处理效率。     

新型涂料助剂——涂料缓蚀剂

本文提出了涂料缓蚀剂的概念，介绍了两种涂料缓蚀剂的特点、作用、应用情况，并提出应用涂料缓蚀剂对涂料涂装业的积极意义，最后指出了涂料缓蚀剂的应用与施工工艺的密切关系。     

简析炭材料配方计算软件的开发应用

提出了炭材料生产中工作配方应用计算机计算的必要性，简要分析了配方计算软件的开发应用情况，证明了计算机的应用使配方计算变得更简单快捷，提高了工作效率和配料准确度。     

天然高分子物质的利用现状和前景（Ⅱ）——树胶,生漆,鞣质与腐植酸

介绍了天然高分子—树胶，生漆，鞣质和腐植酸等的应用现状，讨论了他们的应用前景。     

三维电催化技术反应机理及其应用研究

综述了近几年国内外对三维电催化技术的研究进展，详细总结了该技术的基本反应机理，系统地分析了三维电催化技术中电极材料对废水处理效果的影响，介绍了负载型粒子电极的应用研究，探讨了该技术在不同废水处理中的应用情况，以及与其他处理技术耦合应用研究，展望了三维电催化技术的研究前景。     

Aromatic-aliphatic copolyesters: structure and properties

Aromatic-aliphatic copolyesters synthesized by interfacial polycondensation were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. X-ray diffraction and density measurements. A decrease in the T_g and melting temperature was observed on increasing the glycol content of the copolyesters. The wholly aromatic polyesters showed changes both in the Bragg angle position and intensity of the reflections, whereas in the aromatic-aliphatic copolyesters no sharp change was observed.     

Analysis and modeling of the mechanical properties of novel thermotropic polymer biomaterials

A series of random aromatic-aliphatic thermotropic copolyesters comprising p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), vanillic acid (VA), 4,4′-sulfonyl bis(2-methylphenol) (dBPS) and three aliphatic diacids (Spacer), developed for potential applications in orthopaedic medicine, have been characterized in the context of their structure and mechanical properties. Each of the three polymers comprised the following molar percentages of monomer units 50/25/12.5/12.5 (HBA/VA/dBPS/Spacer). Oriented fibres prepared from the materials via melt-spinning have been analyzed using X-ray diffraction to evaluate order parameters describing the degree of molecular orientation and mechanical measurements to determine their tensile properties. In addition, measurements of the bulk isotropic and shear moduli of one polymer composition have also been performed. To obtain an understanding of the material properties the aggregate model due to Ward has been applied to the orientation dependence of the measured elastic moduli and the development of mechanical anisotropy.     

Poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐isophthalate) copolyesters obtained from ethylene terephthalate and isophthalate oligomers

A series of poly(ethylene terephthalate‐co‐isophthalate) copolyesters containing upto 50%‐mole of isophthalic units were prepared by polycondensation from ethylene terephthalate and ethylene isophthalate fractions of linear oligomers containing from 5 to 6 repeating units in average. The polyesters were obtained in good yields and with high‐molecular‐weights. The microstructure of the copolyesters was studied as a function of reaction time by ¹³C‐NMR showing that a random distribution of the comonomers was achieved since the earlier stages of polycondensation. The melting temperature and enthalpy of the copolyesters decreased with the content of isophthalic units so that copolyesters containing more than 25% of these units were amorphous. Isothermal crystallization studies made on crystalline copolyesters revealed that the crystallization rate of copolyesters decreased with the content in isophthalic units. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Preparation of phosphorus-containing polymers. XXVIII. Synthesis and flame resistance of phenoxaphosphine-containing copolyesters

Copolyesters containing phenoxaphosphine rings were prepared from 2,8-dichloroformyl-10-phenylphenoxaphosphine 10-oxide and isophthaloyl chloride and three bisphenols (bisphenol A, tetrabromobisphenol A, and tetrachlorobisphenol A) by interfacial polycondensation, and the flame resistance of the resulting copolyesters was investigated by measuring limiting oxygen index (LOI) values. Most of the copolyesters had good solubilities in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and chloroform and gave the films from the chloroform solutions. The relationship between the melting temperature of copolyesters and phenoxaphosphine content held for the Flory's equation for random copolymers over 20–30% of phenoxaphosphine content. The halogen-free copolyesters with phenoxaphosphine rings showed not only good thermostability but also good flame resistance. In contrast with these copolymers the halogen-containing copolyesters with phenoxaphosphine rings had very high LOI values and exhibited excellent flame-retardant property, but their thermostability was poor and the copolymers began to decompose at lower temperatures in comparison with the halogen-free copolyesters. The mode of action of the halogen-free copolyesters containing phenoxaphosphine rings was based on the effect of phosphorus in the solid phase, whereas the action of the copolyesters with both halogen and phenoxaphosphine ring was due to the additive effect of the solid-phase and the gas-phase mechanisms.     

AA/PTA单体比例对PBAT共聚酯性能的影响

以己二酸（AA）、对苯二甲酸（PTA）和1,4-丁二醇（BDO）为原料,钛酸四丁酯为催化剂,采用先酯化后缩聚的两步聚合法制备了一系列聚（己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二醇）（PBAT）共聚酯。研究己二酸与对苯二甲酸不同摩尔比对合成共聚酯的结构、热性能和弹性性能的影响。FTIR和NMR测试结果表明本实验成功合成了PBAT共聚酯。GPC测试结果表明共聚酯的重均分子量（M_w）在41000~142000之间,测试结果与特性黏度具有一致性。DSC测试结果表明随己二酸含量的增加,共聚酯的熔融温度和结晶温度逐渐降低;WXRD测试结果表明随着己二酸含量的不断增加,共聚酯的晶型结构逐渐由PBA转变为PBT;DMA结果表明玻璃化转变温度（T_g）基本呈不断降低的趋势;TGA结果表明PBAT共聚酯的初始分解温度随对苯二甲酸含量的增加向高温区移动,而在高温段共聚酯的热稳定性接近。拉伸结果表明,AA/PTA比例的变化显著影响共聚酯的力学弹性,PBAT7：3具有最大的断裂伸长率,而PBAT3：7则表现为强而韧的拉伸特性。     

PET/PTT共聚酯的序列结构

采用TPA生产路线合成一系列PET/PTT共聚物,发现在不改变其他条件的情况下,改变单体配比,所获得的共聚物特性黏度值都在0.6dL/g以上。对共聚物进行核磁共振测试来表征其序列结构,发现1H-NMR和13C-NMR所测试的结论一致,所得共聚酯无规度值均接近1,表明所得共聚酯均接近无规共聚物。     

New polymer syntheses VIII. Synthesis,characterization and morphology of new unsaturated copolyesters based on dibenzylidenecycloalkanones

A new interesting class of linear, unsaturated copolyesters based on dibenzylidenecycloalkanones has been synthesized by interfacial polycondensation of isophthaloyl chloride or sebacoyl chloride with 2,5-bis(p-hydroxybenzylidene) cyclopentanone I, 2,6-bis(p-hydroxybenzylidene) cyclohexanone II, 2,6-divanillylidenecyclohexanone III or 2,7-bis(p-hydroxybenzylidene)cycloheptanone IV at ambient temperature. The resulting copolyesters were characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and solubility. Additionally, inherent viscosities of copolyesters in the range 0·53–0·98dlg⁻¹ were determined. The thermal properties of the polymers were evaluated by TGA and DSC measurements and correlated with their structural units. The crystallinity of some copolyesters was examined by X-ray analysis. In addition, the electrical properties of the copolyesters were tested and the morphology of selected examples of the copolyesters was examined by scanning electron microscopy. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

Fast crystallization of liquid crystalline copolyesters based on poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Crystallization of a series of liquid crystalline copolyesters prepared from p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), hydroquinone (HQ), terephthalic acid (TA), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that these copolyesters are more crystalline than copolyesters prepared from PET and HBA. Insertion of HQ–TA disrupts longer rigid‐rod sequences formed by HBA and thus enhances molecular motion and increases the crystallization rate. The effects of additives on the crystallization of the copolyesters were also studied. Sodium benzoate (SB) and sodium acetate (SA) increase the crystallization rate of the copolyesters at low temperature, but not at high temperature. It is most likely that liquid crystalline copolyesters do not need nucleating agents, and small aggregates of local‐oriented rodlike segments in nematic phase could act as primary nuclei. Chain scission of the copolyesters caused by the reaction with the nucleating agents was proved by the determination of intrinsic viscosity and by the IR spectra. Diphenylketone (DPK) was shown to effectively promote molecular motion of chains, leading to an increase in the crystallization rate at low temperature, but it decreased the crystallization rate at high temperature. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 497–503, 2001     

一种可降解共聚酯的合成及表征

采用对苯二甲酸、1,4-丁二醇和脂肪酸为原料,以直接酯化法缩聚合成了生物可降解的高分子质量脂肪-芳香族共聚酯,并分析表征了此共聚酯的结构、分子质量、力学性能、流变性能及降解性能等。     

Relationship between physical properties and chemical structures of poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-ethylene isophthalate)

A series of copolyesters based on different ratios of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) to polyethylene isophthalate (PEI) have been synthesized. With the involvement of PEI, the copolyesters become less crystallizable and even amorphous when PEI content is above 20%. The WAXD profiles of the crystallizable copolyesters infer that the crystals come from PET homopolymer. DSC cooling runs indicated that the copolyesters with PEI no more than 15% are easily crystallizable, while the copolyester with 20% PEI is not easily crystallized at a cooling rate above 5°C/min. Heating runs indicated that the copolyesters with PEI below 20% show melting processes. Nonuniform results were provided by WAXD and DSC, however, the effect of PEI on the ability of crystallization was deduced similarly from WAXD and DSC. Glass transition temperatures have been measured by DSC. Due to the flexibility of PEI chain, glass transition temperatures of the copolyesters decrease linearly with increasing composition of PEI as predicted by the principle of additive contribution. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 1191–1195, 1999