Structure and mechanism of the formation of granular bainite in steel 20Kh2NACh

At the present time the structure of granular bainite is widely used in heat treatment. The novel technologies include spheroidizing treatment of rolled stock from steel 20Kh2NACh. The composition of the steel provides a structure of granular bainite in rolled strips up to 10 mm wide with their cooling in still air from the temperature attained at the end of hot rolling. After a high-temperature tempering of the strips for 4 h the granular bainite transforms into granular pearlite which is optimum for cold forging. The available published data on the structure of granular bainite are insufficient for explaining the causes of the accelerated transformation. In this connection, it is interesting to investigate the phase composition, the microstructure, and the transformation mechanism of granular bainite. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 9, pp. 6–8, September, 1997.     

冷轧薄板再结晶温度研究

在冷轧薄板的生产过程中,金属晶粒将沿着变形方向被拉长。这种变化将导致力学性能等的变化。再结晶退火是冷轧薄板生产过程中的一个重要过程。因此研究冷轧薄板再结晶温度以及压下率对再结晶温度的影响,对冷轧薄板生产具有重要的实际意义,能够为冷轧薄板生产时退火工艺制度的制定提供理论依据。     

轧后冷速对低碳贝氏体钢组织性能影响

模拟两阶段控轧控冷工艺,进行了低碳贝氏体钢轧制实验,分析了轧后快速水冷和空冷对低碳贝氏体钢组织及性能的影响。结果显示,钢轧后,在两种冷速下得到的组织形貌差别较大,快速水冷得到强度较高的板条贝氏体组织,缓冷得到强度较低的粒状贝氏体组织,粒状贝氏体的形成温度较高,没有明显板条特征;板条贝氏体屈服强度比粒状贝氏体高出278MPa,抗拉强度高出307MPa;而粒状贝氏体的塑性和韧性指标明显优于板条贝氏体,延伸率和-20℃低温冲击功指标是板条贝氏体的近3倍。     

Microstructure and properties of low-carbon weld steel after thermomechanical strengthening

Optical metallography and transmission electron microscopy have been used to study the structure of the rolled sheets produced from the pipe steel of Kh90 class. The sheets were manufactured using different technological schemes of strengthening: direct quenching from rolling heating (QRH) followed by high-temperature tempering; and two-step thermomechanical treatment with rapid cooling to a desired temperature (TMT). A relationship between the nature of the structure and mechanical properties of the rolled sheet has been established. It has been shown that the two-step thermomechanical treatment has significant advantages over the quenching from the rolling heating, which is related to the formation of highly dispersed bainite with a subgrain structure upon TMT.     

轧制工艺对AZ31B镁合金薄板组织与性能的影响

研究了轧制温度和轧制速度对AZ31B镁合金薄板微观组织演变和力学性能的影响。结果表明,轧辊加热有利于镁合金薄板成型;AZ31B镁合金在低温或低速轧制时薄板纵向组织为大量的切变带,切变带区域包含大量孪晶组织,横向组织为含极少量孪晶的等轴晶组织;在轧制温度为400℃和轧制速度为16m/min轧制时,由于动态再结晶,横纵截面组织均为等轴晶。AZ31镁合金薄板的最佳轧制制度为轧辊温度为70℃、轧制温度为400℃、轧制速度为6m/min,此工艺轧制的薄板横向抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为350MPa、300MPa和12%,纵向为345MPa、290MPa和11.2%,纵向与横向性能差别明显减小。     

轧制温度和后处理方式对AZ31镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

在不同的轧制温度下,对AZ31镁合金板进行轧制,然后取出轧板立即进行水冷、空冷和退火3种不同的后处理。探究轧制温度和后处理对镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,轧制温度为250、300℃时,水冷和空冷处理后板材存在着大量的孪晶,350℃时由于轧制温度较高,孪晶的数量很少;水冷处理后的平均晶粒尺寸要小于空冷,空冷处理之后的孪晶数量略少于水冷,当轧制温度为350℃时,退火处理后,晶粒尺寸减小,晶粒趋于等轴状,晶格畸变程度低。在相同的轧制温度下,水冷处理的镁合金板材的屈服强度、抗拉强度和硬度较高;退火处理后可以显著提高板材的伸长率,但屈服强度、抗拉强度略有下降。轧制温度升高时,3种后处理方式之间屈服强度和抗拉强度的最大差值会减小。     

轧制温度对AZ31镁合金轧制板材中的{1011}-{1012}双孪生行为的影响

在150-350℃温区内不同温度下轧制AZ31镁合金板,观察了不同温度下轧制变形量为9%的AZ31镁合金板材的显微组织,研究分析了轧制温度对轧制板材中{1011}-{1012}双孪晶的含量、类型以及高温轧制过程中双孪晶中的动态再结晶行为的影响,讨论了板材中的孪晶对其力学性能的影响.研究结果表明:在150-300℃温区内轧制时,板材组织中均有含量不等的{1011}-{1012}双孪晶,随着轧制温度的升高,孪晶含量下降.250℃以上轧制的板材中单片一次孪晶中出现的双孪晶类型较为单一,仅出现共面型双孪晶.在250℃以上轧制板材中的双孪晶晶界处中可以观察到明显的动态再结晶现象,这些动态再结晶晶粒对孪晶界和孪晶起到消除和吞噬的作用.350℃下轧制的AZ31镁合金板材中未观察到{1011}-{1012}双孪晶.随着轧制温度的升高,镁合金轧制板材的强度减弱而塑性增强.     

非调质钢F40MnV三辊楔横轧的实验研究

针对非调质钢F40MnV空心轴类件楔横轧成形问题,为获得最佳轧制与冷却工艺制度,在三辊楔横轧机上开展了轧制与冷却实验研究。利用正交法制定实验过程工艺参数,并将带有热电偶的试件进行轧制。轧后采用水冷,水冷加空冷,风冷,空冷4种方式进行冷却,得到相应的温度变化曲线。基于实验结果,采用金相分析和性能实验手段研究了温度、断面减缩率和冷却介质对F40MnV钢轧后冷态力学性能的影响。结果表明采用水冷加空冷、断面减缩率35%、轧制温度为950℃时的成形工艺可得到较为优良的力学性能。     

高品质热轧双相钢的开发

为了提高热轧双相钢的品质,研究了化学成分、轧制工艺、冷却工艺和不同季节水温等参数对热轧双相钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,无Si成分设计显著提高了热轧双相钢的表面质量;较低的终轧温度和中间保温温度有利于获得更为细小的铁素体组织和弥散的马氏体组织;低的卷取温度（280 ℃）可以获得铁素体+马氏体双相组织;冷却水水温的降低显著提高马氏体含量并提高双相钢的强度。基于上述研究,邯钢实现了系列热轧双相钢的稳定生产,双相钢制作的汽车车轮性能良好。     

ON THE STICKING OF THIN STEEL SHEETS DURING PACK ROLLING

本文叙述关于热叠轧薄板粘结的研究结果。比较全面和深入的研究说明,薄板粘结与许多因素有关,因此必须较全面地控制轨料、工具和加热情况以及轧制条件,才能较有效地减少粘结。 实验结果指出,温度为影响粘结的主要因素之一,粘结随温度升高而增加。粘结随压下率的增加亦有增加。轧制速度适当地提高可以减少粘结。辊面光洁度对粘结亦有一定的影响,经常保持辊面的光洁度可以减少粘结。薄板轨后的冷却速度和方式,对粘结也有很大影响,故板堆不宜过高,且应使之加速冷却。 氧化铁皮亦为影响粘结的主要因素之一,毫无氧化铁皮的表面可以在轧制过程中结为牢固的整体。加热和轧制均能改变薄板内磷的分布’而使薄板表面层的磷含量增加,因此少量的磷对减少粘结可以起显著的作用。 粘结区的显微结构表现有五种不同的特征,足以说明造成粘结的多种原因。     

终轧工艺对AM50镁合金轧板力学性能和织构特征的影响

采用不同的轧辊温度和速率制备AM50镁合金轧板,研究终轧工艺对镁板力学性能和织构特征的影响。研究表明：在轧辊温度为200°C和轧辊速率为5 m/min条件下制备的镁板的强度（极限抗拉强度：295 MPa;屈服强度：224 MPa）和伸长率（22.9%）之间达到较优组合;在热轧过程中,轧板的屈服强度主要取决于轧制温度,而织构强度则对轧辊速率更为敏感;提高轧制温度或轧辊速率均可改善AM50镁合金板材力学性能的各性异性。     

热变形及冷却条件对0.1%C-2%Si钢双相组织形成的影响

研究了热变形及冷却条件对0.1％C-2％Si钢双相组织形成的影响。结果表明:终轧温度与冷却速度影响钢的双相组织形成及最终马氏体与铁素体双相组织相对量;通过控轧、控冷,0.1％C-2％Si钢可获得理想的铁素体加～20％马氏体热轧双相组织。     

控轧控冷工艺对440 MPa级船体钢组织与性能的影响

通过CCT曲线和实验室控轧控冷工艺试验,研究了440 MPa级船体钢的过冷奥氏体连续冷却(CCT)过程的相变以及组织性能。结果表明:试验钢在较宽的冷速范围内容易得到贝氏体组织,随着终轧温度的降低,试验钢的强韧性得到提高。轧后空冷条件下,试验钢得到铁素体+珠光体组织,韧性较好,但强度富余量相对较小。轧后加速冷却,试验钢的强度得到明显提升。模拟卷取温度为550 ℃时,试验钢的强韧性相对更好。综合分析,较优的控轧控冷工艺参数为:终轧温度840 ℃,轧后冷速(20±5) ℃/s,卷取温度550~560 ℃。     

AZ31镁合金轧制板材退火后的组织与力学性能

采用单向轧制和交叉轧制工艺分别进行了AZ31镁合金板材轧制实验,分析了轧制板材经退火处理后的组织与力学性能。结果表明:采用单向轧制工艺,当板材最终变形量相等时,经退火处理后的板材大压下量比小压下量得到的微观组织更为细小;交叉轧制得到轧制板材可以缓解镁合金轧制板材在室温下的各向异性,其微观组织较单向轧制均匀,具有更好的冲压成形性能;交叉轧制和单向轧制两种工艺得到的板材微观组织细化效果相似。     

热处理对EB铸锭直接轧制TC4合金板材组织和力学性能的影响

对电子束冷床炉熔铸的TC4钛合金扁锭,通过3个火次轧制获得了不同厚度的板材,研究了不同退火温度(750、780、810和850 ℃)对板材显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,一火轧制板材的显微组织破碎不充分,提高退火温度未能明显改变初生α相的形态,二火、三火轧制后原始片层组织逐渐完全破碎,等轴状初生α相比例相应提升,随着退火温度的升高,二火板材初生α相逐渐球化,三火板材初生α相在780 ℃开始逐渐长大,次生α相均呈现出增厚变宽的趋势。综合分析认为,一火板材在810 ℃、二火板材在840 ℃、三火板材在750 ℃退火后,获得了较好的强度和塑性匹配;通过对相应合金板材断口形貌分析,室温断裂机制和高温断裂机制均为典型的韧性断裂。     

Some Effects of Hot Strip Mill Rolling Temperatures on Properties of Low Carbon Sheet Coils

The phase changes occurring in low carbon steel during hot strip mill rolling are shown to be metallurgically significant when related to commonly used temperature control points, particularly finishing and coiling temperatures. In combination, these temperatures are shown to have an important influence on the level and uniformity of hardness, grain size, and carbide characteristics of the finished hot and cold rolled sheets.     

Current research in Egypt on optimisation of combined mechanical strength and corrosion behaviour of steel rebar

Abstract

The effect of accelerated water cooling on the mechanical and corrosion properties of steel rebars produced from steel with composition of 0·17–0·286%C, 0·62–0·72%Mn, 0·15–0·20%Si has been assessed. The bars were rolled from continuously cast steel billets to 12, 16, 20 and 25 mm diameter. Immediately after the last rolling stand the steel bars entered the quenching box. Cooling conditions were varied by changing the number of cooling nozzles and the water flowrate. Initial bar temperature and equalised temperature were calculated using a mathematical model and recorded by pyrometers at the entry of the quenching box and the entry of the cooling bed. Corrosion resistance was determined potentiodynamically and by immersion tests in NaCl and Ca(OH)₂ solution. Equalising temperature decreased with increasing cooling time and water flowrate. Yield strength and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) increased and elongation decreased with decreasing equalising temperature, indicating that different steel grades can be obtained from billet of the same composition using accelerated cooling. Though no direct relationship was observed between mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, the results indicate that cooling conditions and process parameters for thermomechanical treatment should be selected on the basis of corrosion requirements as well as to produce the desired mechanical properties.     

FTSR铁素体区轧制生产SPHE钢的组织与性能

采用金相观察、透射电镜、化学相分析、XRD织构检测及性能测试等手段分析了FTSR铁素体区轧制工艺生产的SPHE热轧板的微观组织及力学件能,探讨了一种生产SPCE级深冲用钢冷轧基板的新思路.研究结果表明:热轧态组织为粗大而不均匀的铁素体,晶粒沿轧向伸长,组织中有较多细小的析出粒子和高密度位错,有利于冲压性能的{111}织构较弱,但各种类型的织构分布相对较均匀;SPHE热轧板的性能水平:σ_(0.2)为220MPa,σ_b为290 MPa,伸长率δ为37.5%,n值为0.20.     

轧后冷却工艺对热轧窄带钢组织性能的影响

根据目前国内热轧窄带生产普遍缺少轧后冷却系统的情况，通过热模拟机Gleeble-1500模拟Q215热轧窄带钢轧后的不同冷却条件，研究了终轧温度、冷却速度和终冷温度对热轧窄带钢组织性能的影响。为提高产品的强度及韧性，适应以后的冷轧工艺，根据某厂现场条件，制定了合理的冷却制度，效果良好。     

Improvement of stretch formability of Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy sheet by high temperature rolling at finishing pass

The effects of increasing rolling temperature from 723 K to 828 K at the last rolling pass on microstructure, texture, mechanical properties and stretch formability of a Mg-3Al-1Zn magnesium alloy previously rolled at 723 K were investigated. In the as-rolled condition, the basal texture strengthens slightly with increasing the rolling temperature whereas it weakens more remarkably after static recrystallization during annealing for the sheets rolled at higher temperatures. Only by increasing the rolling temperature from 723 K to 798 K, the Erichsen value is significantly increased from 4.5 to 8.6 due to the weakened texture for the annealed sheets. Further increasing the last rolling temperature does not appear to further improve the stretch formability.