热压烧结制备SiO2f/SiO2复合材料的析晶行为及力学性质

热压烧结制备了单向连续石英纤维补强的石英复合材料.研究了热压压力和烧结温度对复合材料的析晶行为及力学性能的影响,借助扫描电镜和透射电镜等手段观察和分析了材料的显微结构并用X射线衍射法鉴别物相变化.结果表明:热压烧结温度和压力对复合材料中方石英的析出有着显著的促进作用;而热压中石英纤维比石英基体易于析晶是造成复合材料力学性能下降的主要因素.在1 250℃,12 MPa热压制备的样品抗弯强度能达到113.9 MPa.     

Effect of morphology on the permeability,mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene/SiO2 nanocomposites

Spherical silica nanoparticles with 20 and 100 nm diameters and organic‐template layered silica nanoparticles synthesized by the sol‐gel method were melt blended with a polypropylene (PP) matrix in order to study and quantify their effect on the oxygen and water vapor permeability and mechanical and thermal behavior. With regard to barrier properties, the spherical nanoparticles barely increased the oxygen permeability at low loads (≤10 wt%); meanwhile the layered nanoparticles dramatically increased it even at low loading (<5 wt%) probably due to the percolation effect. The changes in water vapor permeability were similar to those in oxygen permeability. The repulsive interaction between nanoparticles and PP forms interconnecting voids where the gas permeates. Tensile stress–strain tests showed that the composites present up to a 56% increase in the elastic modulus with spherical nanoparticles at 20 wt%, while layered nanoparticles show a decrease probably due to agglomerations and voids. Thermogravimetric analysis under inert conditions showed that the nanoparticles improved the PP thermal degradation process through the adsorption of volatile compounds on their surface, where the smaller spherical nanoparticles show the greatest stabilization. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

MEMO改性硅溶胶增强甲基硅树脂薄膜结构及性能

以甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)水解聚合产物作为成膜材料,甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MEMO)改性硅溶胶为无机增强剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法在聚碳酸酯(PC)表面制备透明硅溶胶增强甲基硅树脂薄膜;探讨了MEMO改性硅溶胶前后涂膜液的稳定特征及薄膜特性,采用envelope方法计算了薄膜厚度。研究结果表明,MEMO改性硅溶胶增强硅树脂涂膜液与未经MEMO改性的涂膜液相比,凝胶时间延长,稳定性提高,易制备厚膜而不开裂;薄膜对PC片有增透作用,MEMO改性对薄膜增透性能及硬度影响不大;薄膜厚度随着陈化时间的延长而增加,理论计算所得的膜厚与SEM实测结果相近。     

骨料浸渍硅溶胶对矾土基耐火材料性能的影响

为了改善矾土基耐火材料的力学性能和抗热震性能,分别以SiO2含量(w)为15%和30%的硅溶胶对3~1 mm的矾土熟料粗颗粒进行浸渍处理,再与≤1 mm的矾土熟料颗粒、≤0.074 mm的矾土熟料细粉、α-Al2O3微粉、≤0.074 mm的红柱石细粉、≤0.074 mm的广西白泥、纸浆废液等经配料、成型、干燥、烧成(1400、1450和1500℃保温3 h),制得矾土基耐火材料,同时制备了使用未浸渍3~1 mm矾土熟料的空白试样。结果表明:1)随着烧成温度的升高,试样的常温抗折强度和常温耐压强度呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,其最佳烧成温度为1450℃。2)随着浸渍用硅溶胶浓度的提高,试样的烧后线变化增大,体积密度、常温抗折强度和常温耐压强度降低,高温抗折强度、荷重软化温度和抗热震性能提高,这是由骨料表面硅溶胶层中的SiO2与骨料及周围基质中的Al2O3反应生成了莫来石所致。3)当浸渍用硅溶胶中SiO2含量(w)为15%时,材料的综合性能最优。     

丙烯腈催化剂用硅溶胶的制备及其性能研究

采用常压粒子增长工艺合成丙烯腈催化剂载体专用硅溶胶,研究了硅溶胶的粒径、pH、稳定剂对丙烯腈催化剂性能的影响。结果表明:当硅溶胶粒径分布集中、平均粒径23～25nm、pH9.0～9.5、适量加入氢氧化钠和氨水混合溶液作为稳定剂和加入少量助剂时,丙烯腈单程收率接近80%。     

Effect of fiber treatment on the mechanical properties of LDPE-henequen cellulosic fiber composites

The degree of mechanical reinforcement that could be obtained by the introduction of henequen cellulosic fibers in a low-density polyethylene, LDPE, matrix was assessed experimentally. Composite materials of LDPE-henequen cellulosic fibers were prepared by mechanical mixing. The concentration of randomly oriented fibers in the composite ranged between 0 and 30% by volume. The tensile strength of these composite materials increased up to 50% compared to that of LDPE. There is also a noticeable increase in Young's modulus for the composite materials that compares favorably with that of LDPE. As expected, the addition of the fibers decreases the ultimate strain values for the composite materials. The thermal behavior of the LDPE-henequen cellulosic fibers materials, studied by differential scanning calorimetry, DSC, showed that the presence of the fibers does not affect the thermal behavior of the LDPE matrix; thus, the interaction between fiber and matrix is probably not very intimate. Preimpregnation of the cellulosic fibers in a LDPE-xylene solution and the use of a silane coupling agent results in a small increment in the mechanical properties of the composites, which is attributed to an improvement in the interface between the fibers and the matrix. The shear properties of the composites also increased with increasing fiber content and fiber surface treatment. It was also noted that the fiber surface treatment improves fiber dispersion in the matrix. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 197–207, 1997     

Effects of silica surface treatment on the impregnation process of silica fiber/phenolics composites

Effects of silica surface treatment on the impregnation process of silica fiber/phenolics composites were studied. Micro‐Wilhelmy method was used to evaluate the surface characterization of silanized silica fibers. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) measurements and the void contents of the silica fiber/phenolics composites were also performed. The interactions occurring between silica fiber and the components of phenolic resin solution can affect the contact angle between silica fiber and phenolic solution and the dynamic adsorption behavior of phenolic resin onto silica fiber. There are competitive adsorptions to different extent for phenolic resin and solvent onto silica fibers. Silica fibers as reinforcement treated by silane‐coupling agent, such as γ‐aminopropyl‐triethoxysilane, γ‐glycidoxypropyl‐trimethoxysilane, trimethylchlorosilane, and γ‐methacryloxypropyl‐trimethoxysilane, influence the mechanical interfacial properties of silica fiber/phenolics composites and the uniformity of resin distribution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008     

白炭黑对RTV硅橡胶泡沫材料流变性能和力学性能的影响

选用5种型号的白炭黑补强室温硫化（RTV）硅橡胶泡沫材料,探讨了不同制备方法及表面改性的白炭黑对硅橡胶泡沫制备过程中基础胶料流变性能和硅橡胶泡沫力学性能的影响。结果表明,白炭黑用量相同时,添加疏水性白炭黑的胶料的固化速率比添加亲水性白炭黑的快;随着气相法白炭黑含量的增加,固化速率加快,而沉淀法白炭黑却相反;沉淀法白炭黑在硅橡胶中的分散性不及经疏水处理的气相法白炭黑;随着白炭黑含量的增大,硅泡沫的泡孔变小,拉伸强度提高。     

硅溶胶粒径大小对SAPO-34合成及甲醇制烯烃催化性能的影响

在合成SAPO-34的过程中加入不同粒径的硅溶胶来考察其对分子筛酸性和甲醇制烯烃（MTO）性能的影响。采用XRD、SEM、FTIR、NH₃-TPD和²⁹Si MAS NMR等表征手段对合成的分子筛进行表征,并通过固定床反应器对制备的SAPO-34分子筛进行MTO催化性能评价。实验结果表明,不同粒径的硅溶胶对合成的分子筛酸性有很大影响,通过NH₃-TPD表征结果可以看出,随着硅溶胶粒径的增大,分子筛的强酸量、弱酸量均降低。由分子筛的NMR表征结果发现,大颗粒硅溶胶合成的SAPO-34分子筛中存在硅岛。从MTO性能评价结果可以发现,适宜的硅溶胶粒径更有利于提高催化剂的双烯选择性和催化寿命。     

Effects of silica particle size on the structure and properties of polypropylene/silica composites foams

In this study, we prepared organically modified silica materials with various particle sizes, in the ranges of micrometer and nanometer, and their polypropylene (PP) composites. The PP micro/nanocomposites were then molded through conventional and microcellular injection molding processes. The effects of silica particle sizes on the structure, mechanical and rheological properties were investigated. The results showed that PP/silica nanocomposites provide better tensile strength than that of foamed nanocomposites. The addition of silica also increased the tensile strength of the nanocomposites, but decreased the tensile strength of microcomposites. Therefore, the tensile strength of PP/silica nanocomposites is better than that of PP/silica microcomposites. The silica particles helped the nanocomposites to develop small cells in the foaming process. Rheological results indicated an increase in the viscosity with the addition of nano silica and micro silica to PP. The viscosity increase for the silica nanocomposites was found greater than that of microcomposites at the same filler content.     

Preparation and characterization of novel addition cured polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposites using nano‐silica sol as reinforcing filler

A series of novel addition cured polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites with various amounts of nano‐silica sol were prepared via hydrosilylation for the first time. The influence of various amounts of nano‐silica sol on the morphology, thermal behavior, mechanical and optical properties of these PDMS nanocomposites was studied in detail. It was found that with an increment in the amount of nano‐silica sol the reinforcing effect of the nano‐silica sol on the thermal and mechanical properties of the PDMS nanocomposites was very noticeable compared with the reference material. The prominent improvements in resistance to thermal degradation and mechanical properties can probably be attributed to the strong interaction of PDMS chains and uniformly dispersed particles resulting from the nano‐silica sol. However, the transparency of the PDMS nanocomposites slightly decreased with an increment in weight fraction of nano‐silica, compared with that of PDMS composite without nano‐silica (Sol‐0), which can probably be ascribed to an increasing size of the aggregated particles in the PDMS nanocomposites. The optimum amount of nano‐silica sol for preparing novel addition curing PDMS nanocomposites was about 15 wt%. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of preparation methods on thermal properties of poly(acrylic acid)/silica composites

Poly(acrylic acid)-silica composites have been prepared by two different methods and thermally characterized. The glass transition temperature (T_g) of the PAA-SiO₂ system prepared by mixture method was found to be 120°C irrespective of the type and amounts of silica involved in this work. However, the T_g varied between 132°C and 113°C in the systems prepared by polymerization reaction depending upon the type of silica and percentage conversion. The composites prepared by mixture and polymerization method have been investigated by using thermogravimetry (TGA) to follow the kinetics of anhydride formation and thermal degradation reactions. The activation energy of thermal anhydride formation and thermal degradation reaction was not found to change very much with ratio of PAA-SiO₂ when the composites were prepared by simple mixing. For the composites prepared by polymerization method the activation energy of anhydride formation and thermal degradation reaction were observed to change with percentage conversion. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 70: 891–895, 1998     

Effects of a coupling agent on the mechanical and thermal properties of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/nano silicon carbide composites

Ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/nano silicon carbide (nano‐SiC) composites were prepared by compression molding. The effects of a coupling agent and the content of the filler on the filler dispersion and the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the mechanical properties of the composites first increased and then decreased with increasing SiC content. The macromolecular coupling agent exhibited a much better reinforcing effect than the small‐molecule coupling agent. The tensile strength of the composites with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550), γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570), and silicone powders reached its maximum value when the silicon carbide (SiC) content was 3%. We found that a web of the UHMWPE/SiC/coupling agent was formed and played a significant role in improving the heat resistance of the composites. In addition, appropriate amounts of SiC could increase the crystallinity of UHMWPE via a process of heterogeneous nucleation. The comprehensive performance of the KH550/silicone/SiC/UHMWPE composites was the best. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

SiO_（2f）/SiO_2复合材料中石英纤维的表面处理

采用两种方法去除石英纤维表面的浸润剂,一种是热处理,另一种是有机溶剂与热处理相结合。比较石英纤维处理前后失重变化,通过SEM、XPS表面形貌和成分变化,得出石英纤维的表面处理,有机溶剂浸泡与高温处理相结合优于单纯的高温处理。采用不同的升温速率对石英纤维进行热处理,结果表明：升温速率越低,石英纤维的机械强度损失越大。     

SiCf/SiO2复合材料的制备及界面层对其力学性能的影响

以碳化硅(SiC)纤维为增强体,采用真空浸渍法制备了2.5维连续SiC纤维增韧的SiO2基(SiCf/SiO2)复合材料,研究了SiC纤维编织体上不同的界面层对SiCf/SiO2复合材料力学性能的影响.化学气相渗透(CVI)法制备的热解碳(PyC)和PyC/SiC双层界面层分别使材料的抗弯强度由无界面层的52.2 MPa提高至67.4 MPa和180.3 MPa,但均使材料的韧性降低.用扫描电镜观察了材料的断口形貌,结果表明,PyC和PyC/SiC层不仅提高了材料的抗弯强度,而且增加了基体同纤维间的结合力,使基体有效地将载荷传递给纤维.PyC/SiC层能有效地保护SiC纤维,防止烧结过程中释放出的结晶水对纤维的损伤,有助于提高材料的力学性能.     

硅溶胶结合Al2O3-SiC-C铁沟浇注料的力学性能研究

为了研究硅溶胶结合Al2O3-SiC-C材料的力学性能,以电熔棕刚玉和碳化硅为主要原料,硅溶胶为结合剂,制备了Al2O3-SiC-C铁沟浇注料,研究了其在110、300、500、700、900、1 100、1 300、1 450℃热处理后的常温物理性能和高温(1 400℃)抗折强度,并借助XRD、SEM等进行物相和显微结构分析。结果表明:随着热处理温度的升高,试样常温强度增加,烧后线变化率增大,体积密度先减小后增大,显气孔率先增大后减小,转折温度在700℃;高温抗折强度超过6 MPa。其原因在于:在中低温下,硅溶胶脱水形成—Si—O—Si—凝胶网络结构,保证了浇注料的中低温强度,700℃时因试样大量脱水而使得显气孔率最大,体积密度最小;在高温下,试样中因形成大量纤维状莫来石而为浇注料提供了较高的常温强度和高温强度。     

Effects of different compatilizers on mechanical,crystallization and thermal properties of polypropylene/magensium oxysulfate whisker composites

Two kinds of compatilizers, maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin elastomer (POE-g-MAH) and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP-g-MAH), were incorporated into a polypropylene/magnesium oxysulfate whisker (PP/MOSw) composite. Scanning electron microscopy pictures presented a clear interface between MOSw and the PP matrix in the PP/MOSw composite, while vague interfaces appeared in the PP/iPOE-g-MAH/5MOSw and PP/iPP-g-MAH/5MOSw composites. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis results indicated that PP-g-MAH was highly compatible with the PP matrix while POE-g-MAH was not. Impact strength results showed that POE-g-MAH had a superior toughening effect on PP/MOSw composites, since the proper interfacial interaction and appearance of β-crystal PP. However, incorporating PP-g-MAH seemed to be conducive to increasing strength and modulus (both for tensile and flexural tests), as evidenced by the greatly raised interfacial adhesion between the PP matrix and MOSw. Quantitative characterization carried out by Turcsányi equation for ternary composites also confirmed that PP-g-MAH efficiently enhanced interfacial interaction, by the proof of higher B values. Therefore, the thermal stability of PP-g-MAH treated composites was far superior to that of PP/iPOE-g-MAH/5MOSw composites. Differential scanning calorimetery and polarized light microscopy results showed that POE-g-MAH promoted PP nucleation, with effects further enhanced with the presence of PP-g-MAH.     

Enhanced interfacial strength and mechanical properties of carbon fiber composites by introducing functionalized silica nanoparticles into the interface

Introducing nanoparticles onto the surface of carbon fibers (CFs) is a useful method for enhancing the quality of fiber-matrix interface. In this work, a liquid sizing agent containing functionalized silica nanoparticles (SiO₂) was well prepared to improve interfacial strength and mechanical properties of composites. In order to enhance the dispersion of SiO₂ nanoparticles in sizing agent, SiO₂ nanoparticles were chemically grafted with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), and then silanized silica (SiO₂-APS) was introduced into the interphase by a conventional sizing process as well. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the successful preparation of SiO₂-APS. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that a uniform distribution of SiO₂-APS on the fiber surface and the increased surface roughness. The sized fibers (CF/SiO₂-APS) exhibited a high surface free energy and good wettability based on a dynamic contact angle testing. Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of untreated and sized CFs composites were investigated. Simultaneous enhancements of interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and impact toughness of CF/SiO₂-APS composites were achieved, increasing 44.79% in ILSS and 31.53% in impact toughness compared to those of untreated composites. Moreover, flexural strength and modulus of composites increased by 32.22 and 50.0% according to flexural test. In addition, the hydrothermal aging resistance of CF/SiO₂-APS composites has been improved significantly owing to the introduced Si-O-Si bonds at the interface.     

Study on effects of short glass fiber reinforcement on the mechanical and thermal properties of PC/ABS composites

This article mainly investigated the length distributions of the alkali‐free short glass fibers in specimens and their effect on the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites. The results show that the initial length, addition level and feed way of the fibers have obvious effects on the length distributions of fibers in specimens, and thereby the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites. The main‐direction feed way has an intense shear action on the fibers in specimens. With the increase of the fiber content, the reinforcing effect of fibers on the tensile strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites is increased, while the impact strength is decreased first and then tends to be stable, and the strength factor (F) of the tensile strength to weld line is significantly reduced. The longer the fiber lengths in specimens are, the more obvious the reinforcing and toughening effects are. To some extent, with the increase of the fiber content, the storage modulus (E′) and loss modulus (E′′) of the specimens are increased, but the loss factor (Tan δ) is reduced. The effect of the fiber initial lengths on the heat‐degradation of composites is smaller than that of the fiber content. Meanwhile, adding fibers can improve the thermal stability of the composites, and this law is also confirmed by the heat deflection temperature (HDT) test. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40697.     

硅溶胶制备与应用研究进展

硅溶胶是二氧化硅的微粒分散于水中的胶体溶液.本文讨论了硅溶胶的制备方法,介绍了硅溶胶在化工、精密铸造、纺织、造纸、材料、涂料和电子等工业领域的用途,并对硅溶胶的研究前景进行了展望.