目标激光雷达截面的计算方法及应用研究

依据激光测量系统的设计、评价需要,对目标激光雷达截面（LRCS）的计算方法及应用等有关问题进行了研究。在讨论LRCS一般计算方法的基础上,重点针对镜面反射目标,提出了一种简便的LRCS工程估算方法,并应用于激光角反射器目标和“猫眼”目标,得到了相应的LRCS估算公式;从目标LRCS的角度推导出激光测量方程,该方程可普遍适用于各类激光测量系统和各种散射特性目标,并具有应用简单、方便的特点,可广泛应用于各类激光测量系统的论证设计和性能评价。     

雷达反隐身技术的浅析

随着隐形技术的迅猛发展，处于战争中的任何军事目标都面临着巨大的威胁，从而使得反隐形成为一项紧迫的任务和要求。文中介绍了隐形平台的隐形原理及其存在缺陷，从其缺陷出发针对性地阐述了雷达反隐形技术，同时介绍了几种具有反隐形功能的雷达，包括双基地雷达、相控阵雷达、超宽带雷达、激光雷达、米波雷达和等离子雷达、合成孔径雷达的反隐形原理。     

旋转式RCS可变角反射器的结构设计与可行性研究

导体金属角反射器是雷达无源干扰的重要防御手段,但目前使用的角反射器,其雷达截面积（RCS）值固定不变,伪装欺骗的类型有限。采用定性分析和仿真实验相结合的方法,设计了一款旋转式RCS可变角反射器,同一反射器可以形成不同的RCS值,伪装不同类型的目标,具有良好的应用前景。     

1″级四面体组合合作目标激光雷达散射截面实验与理论研究

Cr:LiSAF是一种高效率、宽发射光谱及寿命时间长的激光晶体。Cr:LiSAF激光器发展极快,现已提供从可见到近红外区域全固体化宽带可调谐激光及超短脉冲激光。     

激光雷达截面在系统设计评价中的应用分析

讨论分析了激光雷达截面在激光测量系统设计评价中的应用.分析了激光雷达截面的物理意义,给出了目标激光雷达截面的计算、测量原理与方法,从激光雷达截面的理论定义出发,推导出普遍适用于各类激光测量系统和各种散射特性目标的基本测量方程,该方程利用激光雷达截面表征目标的激光散射特性.通过典型实例说明了该方程在激光测量系统设计评价中的应用.与其他用于表征目标激光散射特性的指标相比,激光雷达截面更容易通过计算或测量得到,且更适用于复杂散射特性目标,因此,在激光测量系统的设计评价中应采用由目标激光雷达截面表述的激光测量方程.     

Picosecond optical pulse generation from mode-locked phased laser diode array

Actively mode-locked 26 ps optical pulses are generated from a gain-guided, 10-stripe, phased laser GaAs diode array with an external cavity consisting of two cylindrical lenses and a corner reflector. To our knowledge, this is the shortest pulse width yet demonstrated from a mode-locked phased laser diode array. The detuning bandwidth of the mode-locking is measured as 2.5 MHz.<>     

Calibration of a polarimetric imaging SAR

Calibration using point targets is discussed. The fourport network calibration technique is used to describe the radar error model. The processor ambiguity function and the radar distortion matrices are combined to form a generalized polarimetric ambiguity function. The polarimetric ambiguity function of the SAR is found using a single point target, namely a trihedral corner reflector. Based on the resultant polarimetric ambiguity function, an estimate for the backscattering coefficient of the terrain is found using a modified version of the single target calibration technique (STCT). A radar image recorded by the JPL aircraft SAR, which includes a variety of point targets, is used for verification of the new calibration method. The calibrated responses of the point targets are compared both with theory and responses based on the POLCAL technique     

电子战环境下双基地雷达对隐身目标的跟踪技术研究

针对电子干扰和隐身目标的威胁日趋恶化的趋势,本文研究了电子对抗环境下T/R-R型双基地雷达如何运用数据融合实现对隐身目标的三维跟踪问题.按照无-弱-较强-强的干扰强度变化,提出了双基地雷达采取不同观测子集对隐身目标的跟踪技术,对不同干扰方式下双基地雷达对隐身目标的测量误差以及双基地雷达截面积的计算进行了讨论,建立了电子战环境下双基地雷达对隐身目标的测量模型,给出了几种典型情况下的计算机仿真结果,验证了双基地雷达反隐身的有效性.     

Calibration of a polarimetric radar using a rotatable dihedralcorner reflector

Based on the existing mathematical formalisms of radar polarimetry, it is necessary to perform accurate and diversified polarimetric measurements in the real world to thoroughly investigate signature definition, identification, and classification of radar targets. For this study the Delft Atmospheric Research Radar (DARR) is used. This ground-based polarimetric FM-CW radar operates in the S-band. The purpose of the present paper is the polarimetric calibration of the DARR. Among the passive reflectors, a rotatable dihedral corner reflector is a suitable calibration object. It enables one to measure different scattering matrices with only one reflector. One alignment must be performed and the scattering matrices are measured at the same range. By measuring several scattering matrices, the accuracy of the calibration result can be estimated. A measurement campaign with a rotatable dihedral corner reflector was therefore performed. The experimental results and the calibration procedure are presented in this paper     

目标散射特性对激光雷达回波特性的影响分析

研究目标散射特性对其激光雷达回波特性的影响是进行目标激光雷达主动成像、跟踪以及目标识别的基础。首先推导了考虑探测激光时空分布的目标激光雷达回波公式,通过3DS MAX软件建立了三种典型目标的三维模型,采用单站激光雷达BRDF模型仿真得到了理想漫反射、近似镜面反射以及粗糙表面三种情况下不同目标多角度回波峰值序列,基于此分析了目标散射特性对其激光雷达回波特性的影响,可为目标激光雷达主动探测及成像提供理论参考。     

Parameter Estimation and Image Reconstruction of Rotating Targets with Vibrating Interference in the Terahertz Band

Rotation is one of the typical micro-motions of radar targets. In many cases, rotation of the targets is always accompanied with vibrating interference, and it will significantly affect the parameter estimation and imaging, especially in the terahertz band. In this paper, we propose a parameter estimation method and an image reconstruction method based on the inverse Radon transform, the time-frequency analysis, and its inverse. The method can separate and estimate the rotating Doppler and the vibrating Doppler simultaneously and can obtain high-quality reconstructed images after vibration compensation. In addition, a 322-GHz radar system and a 25-GHz commercial radar are introduced and experiments on rotating corner reflectors are carried out in this paper. The results of the simulation and experiments verify the validity of the methods, which lay a foundation for the practical processing of the terahertz radar.     

A synthetic aperture at optical frequencies

Synthetic aperture radar principles are employed to resolve targets within the beam of a helium-neon laser. Reflections from closely spaced targets moving simultaneously through a laser beam are detected in the presence of a reference beam. The resulting signals are stored on film and subsequently processed to reconstruct the target images.     

RCS analysis and reduction for lossy dihedral corner reflectors

The radar cross-section patterns of lossy dihedral corner reflectors are calculated using a uniform geometrical theory of diffraction for impedance surfaces. All terms of up to third order reflections and diffractions are considered for patterns in the principal plane. The surface waves are included whenever they exist for reactive surface impedances. The dihedral corner reflectors examined have right, obtuse, and acute interior angles, and patterns over the entire 360° azimuthal plane are calculated. The surface impedances can be different on the four faces of the dihedral corner reflector; however, the surface impedance must be uniform over each face. Computed cross sections are compared with a moment method technique for a dielectric/ferrite absorber coating on a metallic corner reflector. The analysis of the dihedral corner reflector is important because it demonstrates many of the important scattering contributors of complex targets including both interior and exterior wedge diffraction, half-plane diffraction, and dominant multiple reflections and diffractions     

利用点目标进行SAR辐射定标的方法研究

SAR辐射定标是一项关联图像像素值和地物后向散射系数的重要工作。由于角反射器具有稳定、大的散射截面积和在较宽的角度范围内散射截面积变化较小,因而成为重要的点目标定标器。研究利用已知散射截面积的三面体角反射器来计算不同地物的后向散射系数、系统定标常数和系统总的传递函数的方法,并通过大量实测SAR数据进行了定标实验。理论分析和实验结果表明,利用点目标进行SAR辐射定标具有简单、实用、精度较高的优点。     

远距离目标跟踪监测激光雷达的现状与发展

激光雷达技术已经成熟应用于火箭、空间碎片、卫星和其它空间飞行器等远距离目标的跟踪监测。本文主要介绍了多个用于远距离目标跟踪监测的激光雪达系统的技术特点和性能参数,具体说明了目前国际上这个领域技术的应用水平,并简要地综合分析了激光跟踪监测雷达的工作原理以及今后的技术发展趋势和应用前景。     

基于组合矩的激光成像雷达目标识别算法

随着激光技术的发展,激光成像雷达在现代战争复杂战场环境中逐渐获得了广泛的应用,目前激光成像雷达自动目标识别技术已成为国内外研究的热点问题。提出了基于组合矩的激光成像雷达目标识别算法,从激光成像雷达目标的距离像中提取低阶的Zernike矩、Hu矩和中心矩构成组合矩特征,该特征对距离像噪声不敏感,应用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络对三种地面目标进行分类识别。实验结果表明,该算法与应用Zernike矩和Hu矩特征进行分类识别相比,对三种激光成像雷达地面目标的平均识别率在高载噪比(20dB)下分别提高了1.0%和3.7%;在低载噪比(10dB)下分别提高了11.8%和42.5%;当载噪比高于17dB时,该算法的平均识别率达到100%。因此该算法取得了比较好的识别效果。     

隐身进攻武器威胁及光电对抗研究

采用隐身技术和低可见性技术的隐身进攻武器并非不可探测 ,其中采用常规的长波低频雷达可以探测低可见性威胁目标 ,采用激光雷达技术、光电探测技术和雷达组网技术等均具有探测隐身目标的能力。     

两种非理想条件下LRCS测量结果的校正方法

分析了入射激光束光强分布不均匀以及目标对入射激光有脉冲展宽时对目标激光雷达散射截面测量的影响,推导出新的测量方程及激光雷达散射截面测量计算方法并应用于目标实测。结果表明：应用此方法避免了光束不均匀和脉冲展宽等因素对测量结果的影响,提高了激光雷达散射截面的测量精度。     

Laser-fabricated delay lines in GaAs for optically steeredphased-array radar

We have used laser direct fabrication techniques to implement optical delay lines on an epitaxial GaAs/AlGaAs substrate. These integrated photonic circuits, which are important for optically-controlled phased-array radar, include asymmetric splitters with various splitting ratios, smoothly curved 90° bends, as well as linear waveguides. The delay lines were tested and found to have the desired delay and a power-output uniformity of ±2-4%     

Polarimetric calibration of SIR-C using point and distributedtargets

In preparation for the Shuttle Imaging Radar-C/XSAR (SIR-C/XSAR) flights, the University of Michigan has been involved in the development of calibration procedures and precision calibration devices to quantify the complex radar images with an accuracy of 0.5 dB in magnitude and 5 degrees in phase. In this paper, the preliminary results of the SIR-C calibration and a summary of the University of Michigan's activity in the Raco calibration super-site is presented. In this calibration campaign an array of point calibration targets including trihedral corner reflectors and polarimetric active radar calibrators (PARCs) in addition to a uniform distributed target were used for characterizing the radiometric calibration constant and the distortion parameters of the C-band SAR. Two different calibration methods, one based on the application of point targets and the other based on the application of the distributed target, are used to calibrate the SIR-C data and the results are compared with calibrated images provided by JPL. The distributed target used in this experiment was a field of grass, sometimes covered with snow, whose differential Mueller matrix was measured immediately after the SIR-C overpass using The University of Michigan polarimetric scatterometer systems. The scatterometers were calibrated against a precision metallic sphere and measured 100 independent spatial samples for characterizing the differential Mueller matrix of the distributed target to achieve the desired calibration accuracy. The L-band SAR has not yet been adequately calibrated for inclusion here