储藏小麦粉中害虫发生与温湿度变化的关系研究

研究了不同初始虫口密度(0、2、15头/kg小麦粉)的不同储粮害虫(锈赤扁谷盗成虫、赤拟谷盗成虫、赤拟谷盗成虫与锈赤扁谷盗成虫混合)发生对储藏小麦粉温度及环境湿度变化的影响.结果表明,在全部实验观察期间,随着实验时间延长,害虫为害引起小麦粉温度升高,初始感染害虫虫口密度越高小麦粉温度也越高;不同起始虫口密度的不同虫种害...     

抗性锈赤扁谷盗防治策略浅析

锈赤扁谷盗是我国主要储粮害虫之一,许多粮库普遍反应其治理难度较大。结合试验室试验与生产实际情况探讨了锈赤扁谷盗防治的方法。     

多杀菌素纳米水剂防治两种储粮害虫的应用研究

采用拌粮法对已感染锯谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗的稻谷原粮进行处理,以明确多杀菌素新剂型对两种储粮害虫的杀虫效果。实验结果表明,锯谷盗对多杀菌素纳米水剂的敏感性低于锈赤扁谷盗,供试药剂对锯谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗的最高校正死亡率分别为71.70%和90.29%。测定了不同浓度的多杀菌素纳米水剂与甲基嘧啶磷乳油复配防治效果,结果表明,锯谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗的校正死亡率分别在82.90%和97.95%以上,均显著高于单剂使用多杀菌素纳米水剂的防治效果。研究发现多杀菌素纳米水剂的防治效果受昆虫种类、药剂浓度、处理时间和环境温度等因素的影响。在实际应用中,可结合多种影响因素,改进应用技术,综合制定防治策略,有效防治储粮害虫。     

6种主要储粮害虫成虫的耐饥饿能力研究

研究了不同饥饿条件下6种重要储粮害虫赤拟谷盗、锯谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗、米象、谷蠹和烟草甲成虫的耐饥饿能力.研究结果表明,对于羽化后1周龄的6种储粮害虫成虫,赤拟谷盗和烟草甲成虫耐饥饿能力较强,耐饥饿时间可达到30 d以上,其次为锯谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗和谷蠹成虫,耐饥饿时间可达到15 d以上,米象成虫耐饥性最弱,7 d后死亡率即...     

极端温度对三种扁谷盗属储粮害虫的致死作用

分析了42～62 ℃的极端高温、10～25 ℃的常规温度和-5～-15 ℃的极端低温对三种扁谷盗属害虫的致死作用,研究了极端低温下锈赤扁谷盗、长角扁谷盗和土耳其扁谷盗对温度的敏感差异性,评估了控温储粮技术防治扁谷盗害虫的可行性。在极端高温下, 54 ℃处理75 min、58 ℃处理60 min、62 ℃处理45 min能够完全杀灭锈赤扁谷盗成虫。在常规温度下,锈赤扁谷盗幼虫12 d死亡率低于30%,其死亡数量随时间的延长而增大。在极端低温下,长角扁谷盗对极端低温较为敏感,其次为土耳其扁谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗。极端温度防治害虫的有效性取决于有效的温度、足够的暴漏时间和处理物料的安全性。极端低温通常比极端高温需要更长的暴露时间,但长时间暴露在极端温度下被处理商品受损的风险将进一步增大。     

4种烟剂对空仓储粮害虫成虫的药效试验

针对目前用于防治储粮害虫的空仓杀虫剂杀虫效果差,施用操作麻烦,杀虫剂对操作人员身体危害大等问题,在空仓环境内,进行了残杀威、敌百虫、溴氰菊酯及高效氯氰菊酯4种烟剂对谷蠹、米象、赤拟谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗、锯谷盗和嗜卷书虱等6种储粮害虫成虫的防治效果测试。结果表明,2.5%溴氰菊酯烟剂杀虫效果最好,100%杀死试虫;2%高效氯氰菊酯烟剂杀虫效果次之,试虫死亡率在99.3%以上;20%残杀威的触杀效果较溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯差一些,赤拟谷盗试虫死亡率85%以上;30%敌百虫烟剂的触杀作用较差,谷蠹和锈赤扁谷盗试虫的死亡率在85%以上。     

碘钨灯诱杀锈赤扁谷盗的试验

锈赤扁谷盗耐干燥、耐低温,抗药性强,繁殖能力强,一旦感染就会在仓内大量繁殖,引起粮食发热,还可能伴随着其它储粮害虫的产生.利用锈赤扁谷盗善于飞行,具有较强的趋光性的特点,尝试用碘钨灯进行诱杀锈赤扁谷盗的试验.试验效果表明:碘钨灯诱杀锈赤扁谷盗表现一般,但诱捕效果良好.通过方案调整,碘钨灯诱捕结合盛有敌敌畏溶液的药剂盒以...     

三种扁谷盗成虫对磷化氢抗药性的研究报告

本课题通过对湖南省10个地市,31个库点的42个待测品系的抗性测定,结果表明:锈赤扁谷盗和长角扁谷盗已经对 PH_3产生了抗药性,尤以锈赤扁谷盗的抗性分布较为广泛,抗性品系湖南省各地市几乎都有,其抗性品系占本虫种测定数的100%,其中显著抗性占本虫种测定数的89.5%.经抗性程度分析,PH_3对本虫种的部分品系已完全失去了毒杀力;长角扁谷盗抗性品系占本虫种测定数的70%,其中显著抗性占本虫种测定数的20%,并且有2个抗性最大的品系已无法确定其 LD_(50)值;土尔其扁谷盗较敏感.三种扁谷盗总的抗性发生情况:敏感品系占17.5%,轻度抗性品系占27.5%,显著抗性品系占55%。     

锈赤扁谷盗食物源引诱剂筛选及作用机制分析

本文评估了不同食物组合对锈赤扁谷盗的诱虫效果,并分析了不同温度、虫口密度、食物挥发物等因素对引诱剂诱虫效果的影响。结果表明：在室内和实仓,食物组合5和17对锈赤扁谷盗都具有较好的引诱效果。食物组合5在20~30 ℃下随温度增高诱虫活性升高,30 ℃时具最高诱虫活性26.39%;2.5~15头/kg虫口密度下诱虫率为22.22%~51.85%。食物组合17在实仓中最大诱虫率为75.56%,最长持效期可达40 d。食物挥发物在食物组合诱虫中起重要作用,食物组合5挥发物诱虫率为对照诱芯的2.20倍;锈赤扁谷盗触角对食物组合5挥发物的1~100倍稀释液均有明显的电生理活性。本研究筛选出2个锈赤扁谷盗食物源引诱剂,有望用于粮仓等锈赤扁谷盗的种群动态监测和绿色防控。     

安徽省涉粮场所近期储粮虫螨调查

为了解安徽省储粮虫螨发生种类及分布特征,并制订该地区害虫防治策略提供依据,分别于2016和2017年对安徽省内59个涉粮相关场所进行储粮虫螨现场调查。在安徽省共采集到储粮昆虫7目28科51种,其中鞘翅目种类最多,共40种。按发生频率高低,主要害虫发生种类有：米象Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus),锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens),赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum (Herbst),谷蠹Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius),发生频率分别为100%、76.3%、66.1%、64.4%。储粮昆虫主要发生场所为加工厂,并且种类丰富,约占发现总种类的88%,在粮库、加工厂和农户三种类型的调查点中,储粮害虫主要发生的种类基本一致。省内不同地区主要发生种类一致,但发生频率差异较为明显。采集到螨类共8种,共鉴定出5种。此外,安徽省储粮害虫天敌种类丰富,主要有寄生蜂、拟蝎及捕食螨。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the