马铃薯全粉对非油炸挤出方便面品质影响的研究

为探讨马铃薯全粉对非油炸方便面品质的影响,添加不同比例马铃薯全粉研究其混合粉基本成分及对方便面冲泡特性、糊化度、感官评分、质构特性的影响,通过相关分析建立混合粉指标与方便面品质间的相关性。结果表明:添加不同比例马铃薯全粉的基本特征,对方便面色泽、冲泡特性、感官评分、糊化度及质构特性的影响均有差异。随着马铃薯全粉添加量的增加,方便面的色泽呈暗红趋势变化;方便面的冲泡特性、糊化度、感官评分及质构特性呈现先增加后降低的趋势,说明适量添加马铃薯全粉可以在一定程度上提高方便面的食用品质。马铃薯全粉添加量5%～20%,其方便面食用品质较好。方便面的复水时间、冲泡损失、断条率与粗淀粉、粗蛋白、脂肪、水分含量呈显著负相关性,而与膳食纤维、灰分含量呈显著正相关性;方便面的感官评分、糊化度与粗淀粉、粗蛋白、脂肪、水分含量呈显著正相关性,而与膳食纤维含量呈显著负相关性(P0.05或P0.01)。这从侧面可说明马铃薯全粉中的粗淀粉、蛋白质、脂肪、膳食纤维、灰分等一些基础成分对非油炸挤出方便面的品质会产生一定的影响。为进一步研究高占比马铃薯全粉方便面提供实践支撑。     

红薯薯泥对挤出重组方便面品质影响的主成分分析

为了探讨红薯薯泥对挤出方便面品质的影响,通过测定添加不同比例红薯薯泥的色差(L、a、b)、冲泡品质(复水时间、复水率、吐浆值、断条率、吸盐量)、感官品质、糊化度及质构品质(弹性、咀嚼性、胶着性、硬度、粘聚性、粘性、回复性),并采用主成分分析方法进行综合评价。红薯薯泥添加比例的提高,使挤出方便面样品的色泽朝暗红方向变化;综合考虑进料水分、方便面质量及产品成本等因素,最适红薯薯泥添加量为10-25%,可以有效改善挤出方便面的冲泡品质、感官品质、质构品质,提高挤出方便面的糊化度。这与红薯薯泥挤出方便面工业化应用预期基本相符。根据主成分分析方法对不同比例红薯薯泥挤出方便面样品的分析,反映挤出方便面样品品质为4个主成分因子,累积贡献率达到93.016%。为进一步研究高含量红薯薯泥挤出方便面提供实践支撑。     

亲水胶体对非油炸杂粮方便面品质的影响

以非油炸杂粮方便面为研究对象,通过单因素试验考察了卡拉胶(CG)、魔芋胶(KG)和聚丙烯酸钠(SP)的添加量对其质构和感官品质的影响,采用响应面试验优化了3种亲水胶体的添加量。结果表明,非油炸杂粮方便面品质评分随CG、KG和SP的添加量增大呈现先提高后下降的趋势;CG、KG和SP的适宜添加量分别为原料粉质量的0.15%、0.11%和0.21%,此时非油炸杂粮方便面的拉断力理论值为34.902 g,接近实测值(34.898 g)。因此,亲水胶体可作为品质改良剂用于非油炸方便面的生产。     

马铃薯非油炸挤出方便面热风干燥特性及动力学研究

为提高马铃薯非油炸挤出方便面的热风干燥性质及品质,研究了直径0.7、1、1.2 mm的马铃薯非油炸挤出方便面在40、50、60、70℃条件下的干燥特性,并构建动力学模型.结果表明,马铃薯非油炸挤出方便面干燥主要属于降速阶段,干燥温度和面条直径对其特性影响较大.Page模型能够较好的表达和预测方便面的干燥任意时刻(t)水...     

非油炸方便面的研制

采用蒸煮方法制作面块,并以α度和复水性为品质指标,采用3因素3水平正交设计对蒸煮工艺进行优选,并研究了面粉中面筋蛋白的含量和品质改良剂对非油炸方便面品质的影响.结果表明:蒸煮工艺中最佳蒸煮时间90s,蒸煮压力0.197mPa,糊化温度95℃;面粉中面筋含量为26%～35%,面粉中添加土豆淀粉20%,海藻酸钠0.3%和瓜尔胶0.4%时,生产出的非油炸方便面品质最佳.     

热风—压差膨化生产非油炸方便面的工艺优化

为探究热风—压差膨化生产非油炸方便面的最佳工艺。采用Plackett-Burman试验设计对热风—压差膨化工艺的5个因素进行评价,筛选出了影响方便面品质的3个显著因素:热风时间、膨化温度和膨化时间;用最陡爬坡试验逼近最大响应区域;最后用Box-Behnken响应面优化试验得到最佳工艺为:热风预干燥温度75℃、热风时间36 min、膨化温度75℃、膨化时间87min、排水时间5min,该条件下生产的非油炸方便面复水时间为4.93 min,感官评分88.9,平均相对误差为1.47%,产品质量为(60±5)g,水分含量为6.75%,各项质构指标良好。     

高含量马铃薯全粉挂面品质改良剂的研究

利用均匀设计优化高含量马铃薯(全粉含量33%)挂面的品质改良,通过回归分析确定其品质的主要影响因素,以熟断条率、蒸煮损失、感官评分为考察指标进行实验。结果表明:品质改良剂为食用盐0.31%,碳酸钠0.12%,魔芋精粉0.34%,谷朊粉2.80%,聚丙烯酸钠0.11%时,得到的挂面蒸煮损失率为3.73%,熟断条率为3.0%,感官评分91.5分。通过对品质改良剂的研究,解决了高含量马铃薯挂面易断条、易浑汤等技术难题,使样品品质明显优于市售挂面。     

多谷物非油炸方便面的微波-热风联合干燥工艺研究

试验主要研究了多谷物非油炸方便面的微波-热风联合干燥工艺,通过对其糊化度、复水率、色差分析和感官评价,得出结果:在单因素试验基础上,根据响应曲面的中心组合设计确定工艺条件为微波功率900 W,微波时间50 s,热风温度85℃,在此条件下方便面糊化度为94.5%,复水时间为6 min,感官评价较好,色泽均匀,口感适中。     

添加蚕蛹蛋白对非油炸方便面生产工艺和品质的影响

研究了添加蚕蛹蛋白对非油炸方便面生产工艺和品质的影响,通过单因素和正交实验探讨了蚕蛹蛋白添加量、加水量和蒸面时间对方便面面饼的影响,以感官评定和质构特性作为方便面面饼的品质评价指标,并分析了两类评价指标之间的相关性。实验结果表明,质构特性中的硬度、粘附性、拉断力和拉伸长度与感官评分之间具有显著的相关性,经两类品质指标的综合评价,得出非油炸蚕蛹蛋白方便面的最佳工艺条件为：蚕蛹蛋白添加量3%,加水量35%,蒸面时间7min。     

真空和面对非油炸青稞杂粮方便面品质的影响研究

采用正交试验法,研究真空度、加水量、和面时间等工艺参数对非油炸青稞杂粮方便面品质特性和感官品质的影响,确定真空和面的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,真空和面能明显提升青稞杂粮方便面的复水率、糊化度及感官评分,降低复水时间、冲泡损失率及断条率。真空和面最佳工艺条件按影响程度大小依次为:真空度0.06MPa,加水量40%,和面时间6min,和面转速60r/min。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the