石蜡/氧化石墨烯复合相变材料的制备及其热物理性能

采用液相组装法制备了石蜡插层氧化石墨烯复合相变材料。采用SEM、FT-IR、XRD、TG-DSC等手段分析测试了相变材料的微观结构及热物理性能,考察了氧化石墨烯的加入对石蜡的相变潜热、相变温度等热物性的影响。研究结果表明,经石蜡插层氧化石墨烯能明显地改善复合相变材料的导热性能,石蜡/氧化石墨烯相比于石蜡的相变潜热增加、相变温度有所升高,且储/放热时间比石蜡减少。石蜡质量分数为40%的复合材料的相变温度为62.6℃、相变潜热为179.2J/g。     

表面活性剂的乳化性能和界面活性对低渗油藏采收率的影响

为明确表面活性剂的乳化性能和界面活性对水驱后残余油或剩余油影响的主次关系,结合冀东油田渗透率低、窜流严重、化学驱条件适宜等油藏特点,筛选出乳化性能强、界面活性较差和乳化性能较差、界面活性较强的表面活性剂体系,在渗透率相近的岩心中开展了水驱后驱油实验。结果表明:适和冀东油田高63-10断块两种表面活性剂复配体系为:乳化水率较好、界面张力达10~(-2)mN/m的体系0.2%非离子表面活性剂6501+0.1%阴离子表面活性剂XPS和乳化水率较差、界面张力达到10~(-3)mN/m的体系0.1%XPS+0.5%NaCl;水驱后注0.1%XPS+0.5%NaCl体系的采收率增幅为2.73%,注0.2%6501+0.1%XPS体系的采收率增幅为5.78%,乳化携带和聚并对残余油滴和局部剩余油驱替效果远好于界面活性的作用;综合发挥界面张力(10~(-2)mN/m)和乳化的作用能降低对界面活性的要求,这为表面活性剂筛选提供了实验依据和技术思路。     

表面活性剂对石墨烯分散液稳定性的影响

采用超声分散、电导率法和UV-Vis等考察了十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、吐温60和聚乙二醇对石墨烯(GN)在水溶液中分散性的影响,并对GN分散液进行了电化学分析。实验结果表明,添加表面活性剂能够有效提高GN分散液的分散性,随水溶液中表面活性剂含量的增加,GN分散液的电导率增加,其中,SDS的电导率增大速率明显大于另外3种表面活性剂,在SDS加入量为10 mg/m L时,GN分散液的分散性最好且最稳定。GN分散液在电流密度为0.002 76 A/cm²时比电容为18.4 F/g,随电流密度的增加,比电容下降,当电流密度增至0.018 4 A/cm²时,比电容为11.7 F/g,容量保持率仍高达63.6%,展现出良好的倍率性能,这可归因于材料良好的导电性。     

阴/两性离子表面活性剂复配体系界面性能探究

采用阴离子表面活性剂石油磺酸盐(PS-30)与两性离子表面活性剂月桂酰胺丙基羟磺基甜菜碱(LHSB)复配得到复配表面活性剂L/P,利用界面张力仪和驱油装置对表面活性剂的性能进行了评价.同时通过分子动力学模拟,分析了L/P在油水界面聚集作用的微观机理.实验结果表明,L/P的界面性能、驱油效果优于PS-30和LHSB,LH...     

疏水链对双子表面活性剂性能的影响

以壬基酚或对特辛基酚和二溴丁烷为原料合成了含不同支化度疏水链的磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂R2C4和D2C4（C为联结基中亚甲基,R为疏水基壬基,D为疏水基仲辛基）,研究了其水溶液的表面活性、界面活性、乳化性能、泡沫性能及热稳定性,讨论了疏水链的支化程度对其性能的影响。试验发现磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂具有较高的表面活性,其中R2C4的临界胶束浓度（CMC）较低,而D2C4的临界表面张力较低,R2C4具有比D2C4更优的界面活性;对同一有机相,R2C4的乳化性能要优于D2C4;R2C4的起泡性及泡沫稳定性优于D2C4;R2C4和D2C4的初始分解温度分别为293℃和322℃,即二者都具有较好的热稳定性,高支化度的疏水链提高了表面活性剂的热稳定性。     

非离子表面活性剂三元复合体系的界面张力研究

本文系统地研究了由非离子表面活性剂ＮＯＳ构成的复合体系与大庆油田原油间的界面张力。探讨了时间、ＮａＯＨ浓度、地层水矿化度、活性剂浓度及聚合物种类和用量对界面张力的影响。结果表明，由该活性剂构成的三元复合体系能在较宽的地层水矿化度、较宽的活性剂浓度及碱浓度范围内与大庆油田原油形成超低界面张力（１０＾－３ｍＮ／ｍ数量级）。     

复合体系各组分对油水界面剪切粘弹性的影响规律

为了探究复合体系各组分(碱、表面活性剂、聚合物)对油水界面剪切粘弹性的影响规律,利用Physica MCR301型流变仪测量了不同化学驱油体系与原油的界面剪切粘弹性。结果表明,原油和去离子水可以形成较坚固的界面膜,有较高的界面剪切粘弹性;少量表面活性剂(如质量浓度为100 mg/L)的加入就会大幅度降低油水界面剪切粘弹性,在考察的质量浓度范围内,表面活性剂溶液的质量浓度越大,界面剪切粘弹性越低,在较高的质量浓度(如3 000 mg/L)和较高的振荡角频率(如1 rad/s)下,界面储能模量超出仪器测量下限;碱会严重破坏油水界面膜,使界面的损耗模量大幅度降低,界面的储能模量超出仪器测量下限,但是有机碱对界面膜的伤害要小于无机碱;聚合物的加入也会对油水界面剪切粘弹性产生影响,形成的界面膜抗剪切性能减弱。     

三维石墨烯复合普鲁士蓝材料的简易水热法合成及储钠性能

利用石墨烯包覆修饰提高普鲁士蓝(PB)的导电性是一种有效的改善其较差的储钠性能的方法。然而,由于普鲁士蓝的热稳定性极差,此方法一直无法得到很好的应用。因此,一种创新的低温水热合成法被提出,用于合成一种新型、具有三维导电网络的普鲁士蓝/石墨烯复合材料（PB rGO）。在低温水热过程中,抗坏血酸作为还原剂可以有效还原氧化石墨烯,同时,普鲁士蓝与石墨烯通过自组装形成复合材料;扫描电显微镜测试显示,该种复合材料具有独特的三维石墨烯导电网络结构。当作为钠离子电池正极材料时,该种普鲁士蓝/石墨烯复合材料表现出了优异的电化学性能。在电流密度为50C时比容量仍可达到61 mAh/g;在电流密度为5C时循环1000圈后容量保持率仍达到851%,因此具有很好的应用前景。     

联结基对磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂的界面张力和起泡性能的影响

 合成了一系列具有支状疏水链的新型磺酸盐型双子表面活性剂D₂C_n（D为疏水基仲辛基,C为联结基中亚甲基,n=2,4,6,8）,考察了联结基对其表面活性的影响。结果表明,D₂C_n系列双子表面活性剂溶液的临界表面张力γ_CMC与临界胶束浓度CMC值均随联结基长度的增加而增大;辽河原油加入D₂C_n系列双子表面活性剂溶液后的油-水界面张力随着联结基团长度的增加先增加后降低。D₂C_n系列双子表面活性剂具有良好的泡沫性能,随着联结基长度的增加,初始起泡体积降低,泡沫半衰期先增加后降低;随着温度的增加,泡沫半衰期显著下降,初始起泡体积先增加后降低。     

煤焦油沥青质的表面官能团特性及对悬浮床加氢裂化助剂选择的影响

以煤焦油常压渣油(T AR)为原料,分离出了正庚烷沥青质(T AR HI),通过元素分析、XPS、FT IR手段对该沥青质的表面官能团进行了表征,同时考察了不同助剂作用下T AR悬浮床加氢裂化反应过程中的生焦行为,进而分析了不同助剂对T AR沥青质的稳定作用机理。结果表明,T AR HI表面官能团以C-C、C-H、C-O为主;杂原子中O含量最高,杂原子官能团以含O官能团为主,其中醚类结构(C-O-C)占大多数;含N官能团主要为吡啶、吡咯和胺类,此外含有少量亚砜等含S官能团。表面官能团中,中性官能团总相对浓度为79%,酸性官能团为001%,碱性官能团为147%,沥青质表面呈弱碱性。SDBS、OA、CTAB 3种助剂对T AR沥青质的稳定作用依次降低,稳定作用主要取决于沥青质表面官能团与助剂之间的酸碱作用和氢键作用,其中酸碱作用影响较大。宜选取具有酸性基团的阴离子型双亲分子作为T AR悬浮床加氢裂化的助剂。     

Influence of surface modified nanoilmenite/amorphous silica composite particles on the thermal stability of cold galvanizing coating

The present approach investigates the use of novel nanoilmenite/amorphous silica composite (NI/AS) particles fabricated from ilmenite nanoparticles (FeTiO₃ NPs) and synthesized amorphous silica grains to improve thermal stability of the cold galvanizing coating. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images demonstrated that both nanoilmenite and nanocomposite particles were of flaky-like nature and the average diameter of the particles is 20 nm. The lamellar shape of the nanocomposite and spherical nature of Zn-dust particles were illustrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs. Different alkyd-based cold galvanizing coating formulations were modified using uniformly dispersing various amounts of the processed nanocomposite particles as a modifier to form some engineering nanocomposite coatings. Thermal stability of the nanocomposite and Zn-dust particles was determined by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). From the obtained results it could be observed that the weight loss (%) as a feature of the thermal stability in case of the nanocomposite particles was 2.9 compared to 85.9 for Zn-dust powder grains. Derivative thermo-gravimetric (DTG) measurements were done under nitrogen atmosphere for the cured cold galvanizing coating samples heated from room temperature to 1000 °C. The obtained results revealed that the maximum decomposition temperature point in the third degradation step for 6% nanocomposite surface modified cured sample (CG-F) was detected at 693 °C and was less value for unmodified conventional cold galvanizing coating (CG-A) at 612 °C. The increase in thermal stability with increasing the concentration of nanocomposite particles could be mainly attributed to the interface surface interaction between the nanocomposite particles and alkyd resin matrix in which enhancing the inorganic-organic network stiffness by causing a reduction in the total free spaces and enhancement in the cross-linking density of the cured film then, requires high energy to cleave it.     

Influences of different functional groups on the performance of polyoctadecyl acrylate pour point depressant

The polyoctadecyl acrylate (POA), polyoctadecyl acrylate-vinyl acetate (POA-VA), polyoctadecyl acrylate-maleic anhydride (POA-MA), and polyoctadecyl acrylate-styrene (POA-St) were synthesized and used as pour point depressants (PPDs). The performance of the PPDs first increases with the increase of polar group (MA or VA) content, and then decreases with the further increase of polar group (MA or VA) content. The POA-VA PPDs show the best performance at the OA:VA molar ratio 3:1, whereas the POA-MA PPDs shows the best performance at the OA:MA molar ratio 7:1. The performance of POA-St PPDs decreases outstandingly with the increase of the nonpolar St molar fraction.     

热复合流体对堵剂颗粒沉降特性的影响

化学与石油工程系,卡尔加里阿尔伯塔T2N1N4;） 稠油热复合开采后期,尽管颗粒堵调作业对进一步提高原油采收率有明显的效果,但储层中存留的热复合流体对堵剂颗粒沉降特性的影响还不明确,从而限制了颗粒悬浮体系在该阶段的应用。为此,依据颗粒沉降速度理论,对颗粒悬浮体系基本物性与颗粒沉降速度的内在规律开展研究;通过颗粒悬浮性实验及Zeta 电位实验,对不同因素下悬浮颗粒的沉降特性及机理认识开展研究。结果表明,颗粒粒径与孔隙直径之比越小,颗粒群的沉降速度越小;当pH值为5 或7 时,颗粒悬浮体系的稳定性较好,当pH值为9 时,颗粒悬浮体系产生明显的凝聚沉降现象;阴离子或非离子表面活性剂对颗粒悬浮体系的稳定性影响较小,阳离子表面活性剂与颗粒悬浮体系产生絮凝现象,但随着pH值减小絮凝现象减弱,当pH值为3 时,无絮凝现象出现。因此,选择合适的颗粒悬浮体系关系到稠油热复合开采后期深部堵调作业的成败。     

Hollow glass microspheres/silicone rubber composite materials toward materials for high performance deep in-situ temperaturepreserved coring

Deep petroleum resources are stored under high temperature and pressure conditions, with the temperature having a significant influence on the properties of rocks. Deep in-situ temperature-preserved coring(ITP-coring) devices were developed to assess deep petroleum reserves accurately. Herein, hollow glass microspheres(HGMs)/silicone rubber(SR) composites that exhibit excellent thermal insulation properties were prepared as thermal insulation materials for deep ITP-coring devices. The mechanism ...     

微孔材料对气携式液-液水力旋流器性能的影响

在常规脱油型水力旋流器的基础上,通过结构设计制成气携式液-液水力旋流器,旨在提高其除油效率。介绍了气携式液-液旋流分离的基本原理、样机结构及实验工艺流程,该旋流器的部分旋流体由微孔材料制成。研究了微孔材料对水力旋流器分离性能的影响,如微孔直径、微孔材料安装位置等。试验研究显示,20~40μm孔径的微孔材料可获得最佳旋流分离效果,小锥段微孔注气的效果最佳。对微孔材料的SEM分析表明,试验1个多月后微孔未发生堵塞现象。     

The assembly of a composite based on nano-sheet graphene oxide and montmorillonite

Graphene oxide(GO)nano-sheets were synthesized using a modified Hummers’method from graphite powder.The Raman spectrum of GO displayed a D-band at 1359 cm~(-1)and a G-band at 1594 cm~(-1).The I_D/I_Gvalue of GO was calculated to be 0.97,suggesting the formation of new sp~2 clusters upon reduction.A method was designed to investigate the assembly of the GO/montmorillonite(MMT)composite.After the addition of GO,the typical peaks of montmorillonite in FT-IR spectra shifted,indicating the assembly between GO and MMT.The D-band and G-band reduced sharply in the GO/MMT composite.More importantly,the D-band(1344 cm~(-1))and G-band(1574 cm~(-1))shifted significantly and the I_D/I_Gvalue of the GO/MMT composite was calculated to be 1.13,showing a change in the GO structure.In the addition of0.04 wt%GO to MMT,the value of interlayer space(d)was up to 13.0 A?measured by XRD due to the insertion of GOinto MMT.The evident increases in contents of carbon atoms(26.59%)and nitrogen atoms(3.44%)indicate that GO was successfully combined with MMT.The nano-pores and clay sheets were not observed in the SEM image of GO/clay,but obvious wrinkles,while flexible sheets were observed in the typical scanning electron microscopy images of GO.This further proves that GO was combining with clay.The TEM image shows that the GO nano-sheets were tiled on the surface of MMT sheets.This observation suggests that a stable assembly structure was formed between GO sheets and MMTsheets.The change in particle size of MMT with the addition of GO shows that interaction occurred between GO sheets and MMT sheets,which was further confirmed by the results of zeta potential.Adsorption and insertion were the main mechanisms to assemble GO and MMT.     

Rheological properties of graphene/tourmaline composite modified asphalt

Abstract

The purpose is to improve performance of asphalt by synergistic enhancement of graphene and tourmaline. Graphene/tourmaline composite modified asphalt was prepared. The basic properties and rheological properties of graphene/tourmaline composite modified asphalt were analyzed systematically. The results indicate that the basic viscoelastic properties of asphalt were not destroyed after graphene/tourmaline composites added into asphalt. The rutting resistance of graphene/tourmaline composite modified asphalt was superior than tourmaline. And the larger the composite material content, the superior the rutting resistance of modified asphalt. The rutting resistance was increased by 10.12%.     

均匀包覆的微-介孔复合材料Y/ASA的合成及其加氢裂化性能

通过加入非离子表面活性剂,实现了无定形硅铝复合氧化物(ASA)对Y型分子筛的均匀包覆,制备了复合材料Y/ASA,并以Y/ASA为载体制备了Ni W/USY/ASA催化剂;采用XRD、N_2吸附-脱附、SEM、TEM、NH_3-TPD、FTIR及吡啶吸附FTIR等方法对复合材料和催化剂进行了表征;以正癸烷为模型化合物,考察了催化剂的加氢裂化性能。表征结果显示,Y/ASA表面光滑,ASA在Y型分子筛表面分布均匀,具有规则且均匀分布的介孔孔道结构,Y型分子筛的相对结晶度保留率较高。加氢裂化反应结果表明,与未加入表面活性剂制得的Ni W/USY/ASA_(non)催化剂相比,Ni W/USY/ASA催化剂的活性较高,两者的正癸烷转化率分别为95.03%和98.78%,中间产物C_(5~9)收率分别为71.84%和67.41%。