方坯连铸过程中拉速波动对结晶器液面波动影响的研究

本文通过从现场采集的24小时连铸生产的结晶器液面波动和拉速波动数据,绘制了结晶器液面即时位置和液面波动随时间的变化曲线,拉速波动曲线,用薄铁片测量了结晶器液渣层的厚度和形状。对比分析了结晶器液面即时位置与液面波动,以及即时拉速和拉速波动的关系,结晶器液面波动等于液面即时位置减去液面平均位置,拉速波动等于即时拉速减去平均拉速,讨论了拉速波动对结晶器液面波动的影响。研究结果表明:结晶器液面波动随拉速的增加或降低而变剧烈,拉速变化在一定程度上影响了结晶器液面波动,但不是惟一的影响因素。     

板坯连铸机结晶器液面周期性波动的研究

根据连铸生产SPHD钢种时结晶器液面波动的特点,结合连铸工艺和工业生产数据分析研究,确定二冷区铸坯存在鼓肚,在拉坯过程引起坯壳内液腔周期性变化,继而造成结晶器液面周期性波动。分析不同拉速条件下结晶器液面波动情况,结果表明：不同拉速下,结晶器液面波动波长相近,而波动振幅随拉速的提高而增大。后续通过塞棒控制试验,优化相关参数,有效地控制了结晶器液面周期性波动。     

不同断面及拉速对结晶器液面波动的影响

针对国内某钢厂1 450 mm×230 mm板坯连铸结晶器生产情况，利用相似原理，建立相似比为0.6的物理模型。采用墨水进行流场显示试验，观察钢液从水口进入结晶器的扩散过程，通过数据采集系统对结晶器液面波动情况进行检测，对所采集液面波动数据采用1/10大波波高进行分析，研究不同断面及拉速对结晶器液面波动的影响，并对不同断面结晶器下所对应的拉速做出优化。结果表明，结晶器两侧的流场轨迹基本对称分布；结晶器宽度和拉速的增加均会导致结晶器液面波动幅度增大，随着结晶器宽度的增加，窄面附近的液面波动波幅增加最小，结晶器水口附近液面波动波幅增加最大；当结晶器拉速增大时，液面波动的剧烈程度基本符合窄面附近处最大、SEN附近处次之、1/4宽面处最小的规律，但在结晶器宽度1 150 mm、拉速1.6 m/min条件下，水口处波动大于窄面附近。在结晶器宽度为1 150 mm、拉速为1.6 m/min,结晶器宽度为1 450 mm、拉速为1.4 m/min和结晶器宽度1 750 mm、拉速为1.2 m/min工况下结晶器液面波动比较合理。     

高拉速板坯连铸结晶器液面波动影响因素研究

应用CFX软件,模拟高拉速板坯连铸结晶器流场和液面波动,计算F数,研究了拉速、结晶器规格、水口参数、结晶器吹氩等因素对结晶器液面波动的影响。通过与F数对比,各因素对结晶器液面波动影响态势与F数基本一致。高拉速下,最佳F数值为3～5,此时结晶器液面波动小且平稳,结晶器液面钢液中心线流速为0．05～0．1m／s。     

拉速对小方坯结晶器液面波动影响的数值模拟

利用流体力学软件Fluent建立180 mm×180 mm铸坯结晶器内"钢-渣"两相流模型,对结晶器液面波动行为进行数值模拟,研究浸入式水口自结晶器中心位置偏离量(0~30 mm)和拉速(2.0~3.0 m/min)对结晶器液面波动行为的影响。发现在相同浸入式水口偏离量下增加拉速,钢液面波动的整体趋势增加,且偏移量与拉速越大,液面波动增幅越大;低拉速时,波谷出现在水口边缘,水口周围剧烈波动;高拉速时,波谷出现在结晶器右壁面,使得钢液液面波动加剧,容易产生卷渣。     

结晶器液面波动成因及控制

结晶器液面波动是连铸过程中的常见现象,液面波动过大会造成铸坯夹杂物含量超标、纵裂等产品缺陷,严重的还会引起漏钢事故。系统分析了影响结晶器液面波动的因素,并提出了在夹杂物、结晶器流场、保护渣、冷却制度、拉速、液面控制系统等方面应采取的控制措施。     

太钢二炼钢结晶器液面波动的水模拟研究

对太钢二炼钢结晶器进行了水模拟实验,研究了水口倾角、水口浸入深度及拉速对结晶器液面波动的影响.根据实际生产情况,实验中拉速取值0.8 m/min、0.85 m/min、0.9 m/min;倾角取值10.、12.、15.;浸入深度取值60～160 mm(间隔20 mm).研究发现水口倾角、拉速对结晶器液面波动的影响较小,水口浸入深度对结晶器液面波动的影响较为显著,根据试验结果,将水口浸入深度由110mm调整为130 mm,OCrl8Ni9不锈钢冷轧板降级比例从6.38%降低到了4.80%.     

吹氩连铸结晶器液面波动行为的时频分析

时频分析是一种研究波动信号特征、揭示波动现象内在机理的有效方法。将时频分析方法应用于吹氩连铸结晶器内的液面波动特性研究,采用水模型试验获取液面波动数据进行时频分析,研究吹氩量、拉速、水口浸入深度和结晶器宽度等工艺参数对液面波动行为的影响,探究液面波动的内在机理。结果表明,振幅较高的频率集中在0～2.5 Hz,其中振幅最大的主频率位于0.1 Hz附近,此外1.5 Hz和2.5 Hz处也存在较高的峰值;通过时域分析发现,增大吹氩量和拉速、或减小水口浸入深度和结晶器宽度将加剧液面波动;通过频域分析发现,拉速、水口浸入深度、结晶器宽度与液面波动主频率有较强的关联性,说明三者均与液面波动的主要振动源高度相关。     

宽板坯连铸结晶器内液面波动的数值模拟

以150 mm×(1 600～3 250) mm宽板坯连铸结晶器为研究对象,利用大型商业软件ANSYS CFX10.0建立了一个三维有限体积模型,采用多相流的VOF模型对结晶器内保护渣-钢液界面波动进行数值模拟,重点研究了拉速、水口倾角、铸坯断面宽度等工艺参数对结晶器内液面波动的影响.结果表明:随着结晶器宽度、拉速的增加,液面波动明显增大;采用较大的水口倾角,可以抑制液面波动,减少卷渣.     

吹氩连铸结晶器液面波动行为的时频分析

时频分析是一种研究波动信号特征、揭示波动现象内在机理的有效方法。将时频分析方法应用于吹氩连铸结晶器内的液面波动特性研究,采用水模型试验获取液面波动数据进行时频分析,研究吹氩量、拉速、水口浸入深度和结晶器宽度等工艺参数对液面波动行为的影响,探究液面波动的内在机理。结果表明,振幅较高的频率集中在0~2.5 Hz,其中振幅最大的主频率位于0.1 Hz附近,此外1.5 Hz和2.5 Hz处也存在较高的峰值;通过时域分析发现,增大吹氩量和拉速、或减小水口浸入深度和结晶器宽度将加剧液面波动;通过频域分析发现,拉速、水口浸入深度、结晶器宽度与液面波动主频率有较强的关联性,说明三者均与液面波动的主要振动源高度相关。     

Numerical Simulation of Influence of Casting Speed Variation on Surface Fluctuation of Molten Steel in Mold

The influences of casting speed variation on surface fluctuation of the molten steel in mold during continuous casting were investigated with numerical simulation method.It was found that when the casting speed was evenly decreased from 1.4 m·min-1 to 0.6 m·min-1,the increase of the surface fluctuation of the molten steel in mold was observed only on time that was at the start of casting speed change.While,in experiment of increasing casting speed evenly from 0.6 m·min-1 to 1.4 m·min-1,the increase of the surface fluctuation of the molten steel in mold was observed only at the time when the casting speed was stopped to increase after it had been increased to 1.4 m·min-1.For surface fluctuation of the molten steel in mold which was produced during the casting speed evenly increasing or decreasing period and at the time when increasing or decreasing the casting speed at low casting speed level(0.6 m·min-1),the influence of casting speed change is very small.In addition,it is found that,at high casting speed level(1.4 m·min-1),even a little change of casting speed could result in remarkable increase of the surface fluctuation.Thus,at high casting speed,changing casting speed should be avoided or much slower speed changing rate should be used.     

立式板坯连铸机结晶器内液面波动的物理模拟

为优化200 mm×1 300 mm立式板坯连铸结晶器浸入式水口,采用1:1水模型模拟研究水口结构参数(侧孔断面-40 mm×80 mm,40 mm×40 mm和侧孔角度+15°和-15°)以及工艺参数(浸入深度-100～130 mm,拉速0.45～0.65 m/min)对液面波动的影响。结果表明:水口结构参数对液面波动的影响较明显;侧孔断面40 mm×40 mm,侧孔角度+15°的2^#水口的使用性能相对较好;浸入深度对液面波动量的影响不大;拉速对液面波动的影响与水口结构有关,对拉速变化的敏感程度由大到小的次序是2^#水口(40 mm×40 mm,+15°),4^#水口(40 mm×40mm,-15°),3^#水口(40 mm×80 mm,-15°),1^#水口(40 mm×80 mm,+15°)。     

Interracial Fluctuation Behavior of Steel/Slag in Medium-Thin Slab Continuous Casting Mold With Argon Gas Injection

The flow field of molten steel and the interfacial behaviour between molten steel and liquid slag layer in medium-thin slab continuous casting mold with argon gas injection were studied by numerical simulation, in which the effects of nozzle submergence depth and port angle, casting speed, and argon gas flow rate on the flow and the level fluctuation of molten steel were considered. The results show that the molten steel is jetted from the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) with three ports into the mold and forms three recirculation zones including one upper recirculation zone and two lower recirculation zones. Argon gas injection results in a secondary vortex flow in the upper zone near the nozzle. For a given casting speed and argon gas flow rate, increasing the side port angle and submergence depth of nozzle can effectively restrain the steel/slag interfacial fluctuation. Increasing the casting speed would prick up the level fluctuation. For a fixed casting speed, argon gas flow rate has a critical value, the interfacial fluctuation with argon gas injection are stronger than the case without argon gas injection when the argon gas flow rate is less than the critical value, but when the argon gas flow rate exceeds the critical value, the level fluctuation is calmer than that without argon gas injection.     

Interfacial Fluctuation Behavior of Steel/Slag in Medium-Thin Slab Continuous Casting Mold With Argon Gas Injection

 The flow field of molten steel and the interfacial behaviour between molten steel and liquid slag layer in medium-thin slab continuous casting mold with argon gas injection was studied by numerical simulation, in which the effects of nozzle submergence depth and port angle, casting speed, and argon gas flow rate on the flow and the level fluctuation of molten steel were considered. The results show that the molten steel jet from the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) with three ports into the mold and form three re-circulation zones including one upper re-circulation zone and two lower re-circulation zones. Argon gas injection results in a secondary vortex flow in the upper zone near the nozzle. For a given casting speed and argon gas flow rate, increasing the side port angle and submergence depth of nozzle can effectively restrain the steel/slag interfacial fluctuation. Increasing the casting speed would prick up the level fluctuation. For a fixed casting speed, argon gas flow rate has a critical value, the interfacial fluctuation with argon gas injection are stronger than the case without argon gas injection when the argon gas flow rate is less than the critical value, but when the argon gas flow rate exceeds the critical value, the level fluctuation is calmer than that without argon gas injection.     

CSP结晶器内钢液流动的水模型研究

采用1:1水力学模型对厚度60 mm薄板坯连铸水口浸入深度220～310 mm、出口角度-30°～-60°、拉速4.2～6.0 m/min条件下CSP结晶器内钢液流动行为进行模拟研究。在拉速4.2～5.0 m/min时双侧孔水口下CSP结晶器流场股流冲击深度达850～1010 mm;流场内存在三个滞区,液面波动不稳定;水口角度对结晶器窄面和水口附近波动影响很显著,拉速对结晶器和窄面中心处波动影响较大,浸入深度对水口附近波动影响较大。     

电磁搅拌作用下水口深度对液面波动的影响

 结晶器内液面波动会影响连铸坯的质量,施加电磁搅拌使钢液的液面呈旋转抛物面。电磁搅拌电流过大或拉速过高会造成保护渣卷渣现象,对铸坯质量造成不利的影响。以某钢厂[?]250 mm连铸圆坯结晶器电磁搅拌为研究对象,采用电磁-流体单相耦合的方式及流体体积函数VOF模型,建立描述结晶器电磁搅拌作用下液面波动的数学模型,研究电磁搅拌作用下浸入式水口深度对液面波动的影响。研究表明,通过增大水口深度,能够改善因电磁搅拌强度过大或拉速过大造成的卷渣现象,减小水口附近的液面波动。     

高压气瓶钢34Mn2V 200 mm×200 mm轧坯角部拉裂缺陷的控制工艺

通过工艺对比分析了34Mn2V高压气瓶用钢中间包浇铸温度、结晶器液面波动、[Als]、中问包炉次和280 mm×380 mm连铸坯拉速波动对轧坯角部拉裂的影响。提出减小RH加Al量,按[Als]0.01%控制;RH后喂Ca-Si线;适当提高连铸钢液温度,控制中间包钢水温度1 520～1 530℃;控制浇铸过程塞棒吹氩量≤10 L/min;结晶器液位波动±3 mm等工艺措施。应用结果表明,轧坯角部拉裂缺陷率由原来的23.57%降至1.21%。     

采用薄板坯连铸生产高表面质量冷轧钢板的可行性分析

薄板坯连铸由于拉速高,结晶器容量小,结晶器钢水液面波动高度和表面流速显著高于传统连铸,因此容易造成保护渣卷渣,这是薄板坯连铸生产高表面质量冷轧钢板钢种的主要困难所在。NUCOR、蒂森一克鲁伯等企业采用薄板坯连铸连轧工艺生产冷轧钢板的实践也表明,在表面质量方面与传统工艺产品尚有较大的差距。采用薄板坯连铸工艺生产优质冷轧钢种,应适当增加铸坯厚度,以降低拉速和增加结晶器对钢水流的缓冲作用,可采用120mm厚铸坯(结晶器出口),3m／min左右拉速。为了减少结晶器保护渣卷渣,应对中等厚度薄板坯连铸结晶器内钢水流动控制(SEN结构参数、SEN浸入深度、拉速等)、电磁制动、保护渣等开展深入的试验研究。     

高强船板钢结晶器液位波动成因分析

分析了结晶器液位波动的特征及高强船板钢在浇注过程结晶器液位波动产生的原因,通过采取调整结晶器保护渣成分、降低过热度、提高设备精度以及增加热坯压力等措施,结晶器液位波动情况得到了改善。