基于非线性能量算子的心电信号R波检测方法

将Marr小波变换和非线性能量算子相结合实现了心电信号的R波检测,心电信号的Marr小波分解信号很好地抑制了各种噪声干扰,结合非线性能量算子运算可突出了QRS波的特征点,使得阈值检测便于实施,利用修正策略提高了R波检测率,经MIT/BIH标准心律失常数据库验证,R波的检测率可达到99.7%,该方法对于心电信号的自动分析系统具有应用价值。     

基于动态心电信号的实时身份识别算法

心电图(ECG)信号因其具备易于监测、个体唯一性等特点在生物识别领域受到广泛关注.针对身份识别的准确性和实时性问题,给出一种快速鲁棒的、适用于微型化嵌入式平台的心电信号身份识别算法.首先,利用动态阈值法提取稳定波形用于快速生成心电模板样本和测试样本;然后,基于优化动态时间弯曲(DTW)法进行差异度计算得到识别结果;其次,考虑心电信号为非稳态时变信号,为保证模板数据与人体体征状况的一致性,对心电模板库进行动态更新管理以进一步提高识别准确性与鲁棒性.对MIT-BIH心律失常数据库和自建心电数据库的分析结果表明:所述算法的识别成功率最高达到98.6%;在安卓移动端,动态阈值与优化DTW法一次运算平均时间分别约为59.5 ms和26.0 ms,实时性能显著提高.     

离散余弦变换在心电信号压缩中的应用研究

目前心电（ECG）信号压缩是生物医学信号压缩的一个热门研究领域.临床诊断过程中,心电信号的存储与传输是一个有待解决的问题,由于采集到的原始信号数据量巨大,为了便于对大量的心电数据进行存储、分析和传输,对于这些数据的压缩处理是十分必要的.通过对心电数据压缩方法的概述与讨论,在研究国内外有关心电信号数据压缩算法及其研究状况的基础上,采用了离散余弦变换（DCT）算法对心电信号进行压缩,取得了较高的压缩比和保真度,具有一定的应用价值.     

基于小波变换和粗糙集的早搏信号识别算法

心电特征参数的选择和提取是心电图(ECG)分析的基础,提升检测算法的识别率和特征分类的精度是自动分析技术的关键。提出了基于小波变换和属性约简的心电早搏信号识别算法。该算法首先依据心血管专家的诊断标准选择了12个心电特征参数;然后运用基于小波变换的特征检测算法进行了特征提取,并利用基于粒计算的属性约简算法对特征参数进行了属性约简;最后,将约简后的数据用于模式分类并通过MIT-BIH数据库对结果进行验证。实验表明,约简后的分类精度大大高于约简前的数据,特征参数的合理选择(约简)是提高识别效率的重要因素。     

一种实时心电图数据压缩算法

提出了一种实时心电图ＥＣＧ数据压缩算法。它是将自适应变门限算法与转折点算法相结合。自适应变门限算法是对ＡＺＴＥＣ算法的改进．它计算ＥＣＧ信号的几个统计参数来确定可变门限值。转折点算法是分析采样点的趋势并只存储每对连续的采样点中的一个。它保留信号的斜坡标志发生变化的峰点和谷点。本文算法兼有这两种算法的优点。这种算法在较高压缩比的情况下重建心电图信号失真较小．     

基于数学形态学及支持向量机的心率失常识别

为实现对不同类型的心电图自动分析,研究并提出了一种顺序筛选极大值的R波定位算法,并采用支持向量机(SVM)进行最后的心律失常心拍识别。定位算法以数学形态学为基础,结合心电图自身特点,定义R波筛选区间,避免了传统算法中的阈值选择;定位R波峰后以R波峰为中心提取不同类型的心率失常的心拍,选择径向基(RBF)支持向量机进行识别分类。使用MIT-BIH心率失常数据库文件进行实验仿真,结果表明,算法对含不同类型心拍的心电图R波峰正确检测率较高(99.36%),学习后的SVM能有效识别早搏、房颤、束支传导阻滞、正常等不用类型心拍,总体识别率达到99.75%。     

量子粒子群和相关性分析在心电特征选择中的应用

针对心电(ECG)信号情感识别中特征选择的问题,首先运用相关性分析方法,去除原始特征集中的高相关度特征,实现原始特征集的降维;其次,为了在降维后的特征空间中进行有效的特征选择,提出了一种改进的二进制量子粒子群算法(SBQPSO)。实验结果表明,基于本算法结合Fisher分类器建立的ECG信号情感识别系统能够对高兴、惊奇、厌恶、悲伤、愤怒和恐惧6种情感达到良好的识别效果。     

基于形态学的ECG小波自适应去噪算法

为了消除心电信号中的噪声,提高心电监护仪的性能和计算机自动诊断效率,已经提出了多种方法来消除这些噪声.针对常规的ECG信号去噪算法存在的缺陷,提出了一种基于形态学的小波自适应去噪算法.该算法利用线性组合形态学滤波器去除基线漂移信号,然后对处理后无基漂的信号送入小波自适应滤波器,选取合适的阚值对其进行二次滤波去噪,最后得到无噪声的ECG信号.实验结果表明,该算法是一种有效的去噪算法.     

Kernel-based nonlinear dimensionality reduction for electrocardiogram recognition

The human heart is a complex system that reveals many clues about its condition in its electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, and ECG supervising is the most important and efficient way of preventing heart attacks. ECG analysis and recognition are both important and tempting topics in modern medical research. The purpose of this paper is to develop an algorithm which investigates kernel method, locally linear embedding (LLE), principal component analysis (PCA), and support vector machine(SVM) algorithms for dimensionality reduction, features extraction, and classification for recognizing and classifying the given ECG signals. In order to do so, a nonlinear dimensionality reduction kernel method based LLE is proposed to reduce the high dimensions of the variational ECG signals, and the principal characteristics of the signals are extracted from the original database by means of the PCA, each signal representing a single and complete heart beat. SVM method is applied to classify the ECG data into several categories of heart diseases. Experimental results obtained demonstrated that the performance of the proposed method was similar and sometimes better when compared to other ECG recognition techniques, thus indicating a viable and accurate technique.     

内P一推理与内收敛信息的辨识

P-推理(packet reasoning)是由内P-推理(internal packet reasoning)与外P-推理(outer packet reasoning)共同构成的。P-推理是一个动态推理,具有智能特征;P-推理是由P-集合得到的。利用P-集合与P-推理理论,给出了内收敛信息与它的属性特性、内收敛信息的内P-推理生成与生成定理、内收敛信息的存在原理与辨识定理以及内收敛信息在动态信息系统中的应用。     

一种基于ST-RFT算法的数字调制信号识别方法

将短时拉曼努金傅里叶变换(ST-RFT)应用于数字调制信号识别的研究中,以寻求提高低SNR条件下数字调制信号识别率的新方法。通过归一化ST-RFT谱图计算、特征参量提取以及阈值判别来实现调制信号的识别。针对5种常见的数字调制信号进行仿真分析,结果表明,在SNR=0 dB的信噪比条件下,基于ST-RFT算法的数字调制信号识别方法的平均识别率可以达到90%,比基于谱图时频分析法的识别率提高了10.4%;特别是相比于基于瞬时幅度和瞬时频率的特征方法,4FSK调制信号的识别率可提高9%。基于ST-RFT算法的数字调制信号识别方法能够 在低SNR条件下有效识别数字调制信号,具有良好的工作性能。     

基于卷积自编码神经网络的心电信号降噪

心电信号由于在采集过程中会受到外界环境的干扰导致其形态特征被严重淹没,从而对医生的诊断和远程智能分析造成干扰。基于此,提出了一种基于卷积自编码神经网络的心电信号降噪算法。该方法利用自编码器的编码、解码特性,通过卷积的方法构建深层神经网络来学习从含噪心电信号到干净心电信号的端对端映射。卷积层捕获心电信号的细节特征,同时消除噪声;解码部分能够对特征图进行上采样并恢复心电信号细节,从而得到干净的心电信号。实验中采用信噪比和均方根误差为指标,将该方法与小波阈值法、S变换法、BP神经网络法和指导滤波法进行比较。实验结果表明,该降噪方法整体降噪精度更优,同时信号的低频成分也得到了很好的保持。该方法可做到在消除心电信号中复杂噪声的同时完整保留心电信号的形态,为心血管疾病的智能诊断和心电图的特征检测奠定了基础。     

基于稀疏编码的手指心电信号身份识别算法

研究了心电(ECG)信号在身份识别中的应用,提出了基于过完备字典下稀疏编码的手指心电身份识别认证算法.在预处理阶段,对ECG信号进行预处理消噪,去除心电信号里的噪声、基线漂移和心率变异的干扰.在特征提取阶段,提取单周期心电信号构成特征向量并构建字典模型,用核奇异值分解(KSVD)训练成冗余字典,然后对每一部分特征向量进行稀疏编码,实现在该字典上的稀疏表示.在分类识别阶段,利用得到的稀疏系数矩阵构建特征模板向量作为特征参数.通过欧氏距离匹配输出个体身份信息,实现个体身份识别认证.通过两个手指心电信号数据库对该算法进行了性能测试,获得了较高的识别率.     

基于决策理论的模拟数字混合信号调制识别

提出一种基于决策理论的模拟数字混合调制信号自动识别算法,采用基于I/Q正交双路的信号处理架构,利用扩展收敛域的CORDIC算法提取信号的瞬时幅度、瞬时相位和瞬时频率,结合软件无线电中具体的工程实现方法,修改部分识别特征参数,介绍基于判决树的识别流程。仿真结果表明,在信噪比不小于6 dB时,采用该算法的平均正确识别率在94%以上。     

基于嵌入式零树小波的心电信号压缩算法及实现

针对便携式无线心电监护设备在数据存储及传输上的局限性,结合心电信号的特点,提出了一种基于嵌入式零树小波(Embedded Zero-tree Wavelet,EZW)算法的压缩算法。通过对EZW算法第一、二次迭代加以合并,并预先判断和标记第一次迭代出现的零树是否在整个编码过程中始终是零树,以提高算法的压缩率和运算效率。以MIT-BIH心律不齐数据库为样本数据集进行仿真,同时在MICAZ节点上作实际运行测试。实验证明,该算法相比于EZW算法压缩率更高,能更好地应用于无线设备上的心电信号压缩。     

An expert system for automated recognition of patients with obstructive sleep apnea using electrocardiogram recordings

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent sleep disorder. The traditional diagnosis methods of the disorder are cumbersome and expensive. The ability to automatically identify OSA from electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings is important for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we proposed an expert system based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), fast-Fourier transform (FFT) and least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) for the automatic recognition of patients with OSA from nocturnal ECG recordings. Thirty ECG recordings collected from normal subjects and subjects with sleep apnea, each of approximately 8 h in duration, were used throughout the study. The proposed OSA recognition system comprises three stages. In the first stage, an algorithm based on DWT was used to analyze ECG recordings for the detection of heart rate variability (HRV) and ECG-derived respiration (EDR) changes. In the second stage, an FFT based power spectral density (PSD) method was used for feature extraction from HRV and EDR changes. Then, a hill-climbing feature selection algorithm was used to identify the best features that improve classification performance. In the third stage, the obtained features were used as input patterns of the LS-SVM classifier. Using the cross-validation method, the accuracy of the developed system was found to be 100% for using a subset of selected combination of HRV and EDR features. The results confirmed that the proposed expert system has potential for recognition of patients with suspected OSA by using ECG recordings.     

基于蚁群聚类算法的动脉硬化无创检测

动脉硬化无创检测对于预防心血管事件具有重要意义。然而,基于心电信号或脉搏波信号的单一特征源的无创动脉硬化检测无法全面反映心血管动脉硬化事件。为了提高动脉硬化无创检测识别精度,提出了基于心电信号、脉搏波信号的多源数据无创动脉硬化识别方法,构建了具有变异特性的蚁群聚类算法,对提取的40组临床心电、脉搏波信号的特征值向量进行监督分类。通过对系统测试结果与专家分类结果对比分析,表明该方法提高了单一特征源的动脉硬化识别率,是一种有效的动脉硬化无创识别方法。     

A novel algorithm for wavelet based ECG signal coding

Wavelets have emerged as powerful tools for signal coding especially bio-signal processing. Wavelet transform is used to represent the signal to some other time-frequency representation better suited for detecting and removing redundancies. A novel algorithm for wavelet based ECG signal coding is proposed in this paper. Experimental results show that this algorithm outperforms than other coders such as Djohn, EZW, SPIHT, etc., exits in the literature in terms of simplicity and coding efficiency by successive partition the wavelet coefficients in the space frequency domain and send them using adaptive decimal to binary conversion. Proposed algorithm is significantly more efficient in compression, simple in implementation and in computation than the previously proposed coders. This algorithm is tested for 26 different records from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database and obtained an average percent root mean square difference as around 0.01-4.8% for an average compression ratio of 2:1 to 35:1. A compression ratio of 8.5108:1 is achieved for MIT-BIH arrhythmia database record 117 with a percent mean square difference as 1.29%.     

基于形态学与小波变换的信号自适应去噪算法

针对常规的ECG（electrocardiogram）信号去噪算法存在的缺陷,提出了一种基于形态学与小波变换的自适应综合去噪算法。该算法利用形态学滤波器去除基线漂移信号,用小波滤波器去除高频干扰信号,并将这两部分所得到的心电噪声分量作为自适应滤波器的参考输入信号,对ECG信号进行自适应滤波处理,最后得到去噪后的ECG信号。实验表明,本算法是一种有效的去噪算法。     

Microprocessor-based portable system for heart condition diagnosis

Early diagnosis of heart disease is typically based on a cassette recording of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal which is then studied and analysed using a microcomputer. The system is bulky, unreliable and prone to mechanical failure. This paper presents the design and implementation of a compact microprocessor-based portable system used for heart condition diagnosis over a long period. The system reads, stores and analyses the ECG signals repetitively in real time for a specified period. The diagnostic data and samples of ECG signals are stored throughout the test period. The system hardware and software design are oriented towards a single-chip microcomputer-based system, hence minimizing size. The operating algorithm is based on a logical approach to ECG signal diagnosis and hence requires little memory.