杂萘联苯聚芳醚酮改性环氧树脂的结构与性能

采用新型耐高温高性能热塑性树脂杂萘联苯聚芳醚酮(PPEK)对环氧树脂(EP)进行共混改性.研究了共混物的结构和热力学性能,并对其增韧机理进行了分析.结果表明,EP/PPEK/4,4'-二氨基二苯砜共混物的热性能得到了提高而断裂韧性整体呈下降趋势.在添加15份PPEK时,共混物的临界应力强度因子(KIC)略有提高,即韧性...     

杂萘联苯聚芳醚酮表面水凝胶涂层的制备及其抗菌性能

在杂萘联苯聚芳醚酮(PPEK)与银粉掺杂制备的复合材料表面造孔后,采用银离子催化表面自由基聚合法制备聚丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺水凝胶涂层。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、钨灯丝扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱仪等对水凝胶涂层的结构与性能进行表征,并研究水凝胶涂层改性PPEK的抑菌作用及其细胞相容性。结果表明：PPEK表面造孔后,涂层与基体材料的结合能从185.83 J/m²提高到926.26 J/m²;该水凝胶涂层对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率达到95%以上,且无细胞毒性,扩大了PPEK在医疗卫生领域的应用。     

杂萘联苯聚芳醚酮的表面化学改性及成骨活性

为了解决生物骨植入材料杂萘联苯聚芳醚酮(PPEK)生物活性较差的问题,采用化学方法对PPEK进行改性,得到了羟基化改性PPEK和磺化改性PPEK.通过溶液旋涂的方法把两种改性聚合物涂覆在PPEK薄片表面,分别得到表面羟基化的PPEK样品(PPEK-OH)和表面磺化的PPEK样品(PPEK-SO3H).用X射线光电子能谱...     

浊度滴定法估算杂萘联苯聚芳醚腈三维溶解度参数

以杂萘联苯聚芳醚腈为研究对象,分别采用多种良溶剂和不良溶剂进行浊度滴定实验,由KY(Kumar and Yildirim)一阶算法对其产生的25个浊点数据进行最小体积闭包椭球拟合,从而确定椭球球心为三维溶解度参数(δd=17.50(MPa)1/2;δp=11.19(MPa)1/2;δH=10.96(MPa)1/2),椭球包围的区域为聚合物的溶解区域。采用THF作为鉴别溶剂,判定该拟合结果精确可靠。三维溶解度参数方法操作简便,计算简单、选用溶剂少,对聚合物溶剂的选择具有重要的指导意义。     

含二氮杂萘酮结构聚芳醚酮和聚芳醚砜研究进展

综述了含二氮杂萘酮结构的聚芳醚酮和聚芳醚砜的结构性能及其合成、改性、应用研究进展。     

基于膜蒸馏技术的杂萘联苯聚芳醚酮共聚物(PPBEK)超细纤维膜的制备及性能

合成加工性能优异的杂萘联苯聚芳醚酮共聚物(PPBEK),并通过静电纺丝技术将其制备成超细纤维膜。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、拉伸试验、接触角测定和压汞法对纤维膜的形貌及性能进行了测试。结果显示适合纺丝的PPBEK质量浓度范围为0.10~0.25g/mL,纤维直径随纺丝液浓度的升高而明显增加。PPBEK纤维膜具有优异的热性能、机械性能、疏水性及较高的孔隙率,可满足膜蒸馏材料的基本要求。在直接膜蒸馏试验中,PPBEK纤维膜的渗透通量最高可达10.86kg/(m~2·h),对质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液的截留率最高为99.95%。因此,PPBEK超细纤维膜作为一种新的膜蒸馏材料在海水淡化领域具有潜在的实际应用价值。     

高耐热聚芳醚酮固化邻苯二甲腈树脂

以4-(4-羟基苯基)-2,3-二氮杂萘-1-酮、4,4’-二氟二苯甲酮和4-氨基苯酚为原料，通过两步一锅法合成了一种新型的氨基封端杂萘联苯聚芳醚酮(A-PPEK)，采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)探究了其对间苯二酚基邻苯二甲腈(DPPH)的固化性能。相比于常用的芳香二胺固化剂4,4’-二氨基二苯砜(DDS),A-PPEK的5%热失重温度(T_d5%)提高了69.3℃。另外，与DDS在400℃时快速升华不同，A-PPEK在相同温度下的质量保留率仍>95%，说明A-PPEK可以有效解决小分子固化剂高温下分解，容易在邻苯二甲腈树脂中形成缺陷的问题。一系列实验表明，以A-PPEK固化DPPH，体系具有优异的耐热性和加工流动性，当A-PPEK含量为DPPH质量的10%时，固化树脂的T_d5%可达553.2℃，玻璃化转变温度高于实验测试范围380℃，最低黏度可达0.167 Pa·s。     

杂萘联苯共聚醚砜中空纤维超滤膜的制备

以杂萘联苯共聚醚砜为膜材料、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺为溶剂、乙二醇甲醚(EGME)为添加剂,采用干-湿纺丝工艺制备新型中空纤维非对称超滤膜,考察了EGME含量、干纺程长度以及凝胶浴温度对杂萘联苯共聚醚砜中空纤维膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明,随着EGME含量的增加超滤膜的水通量增大,而对聚乙二醇10000的截留率基本不变,干纺程长度和凝胶浴温度对超滤膜的性能有较大影响,所制备的中空纤维超滤膜对聚乙二醇10000的截留率高于95%,水通量达到258 L/(m2.h)。     

耐高温杂环聚芳醚酮的合成与表征

合成了一种4－（4－羟苯基）－2，3－二氮杂萘酮－1（DHPZ）的杂环单体，通过DHPZ与4，4’－二氟二苯甲酮缩聚，得到可溶于有机溶剂的可成膜的耐高温聚芳醚酮（PAEK）聚合物，用IR和^1H NMR表征了聚合的的结构，用动态粘弹谱测得聚合物的玻璃化转变温度为256℃，5％热失重温度为490℃。     

Preparation of poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) hollow fiber membrane for gas separation

Poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) asymmetric hollow fiber membranes for gas separation were prepared by dry/wet phase inversion technique. The effects of various preparation conditions such as solvent, nonsolvent-additives(NSA), PPESK concentration, and air gap on the membrane performance were studied. The heat resistance of the PPESK hollow fiber membrane was also examined. The hollow fiber membrane prepared from solvent with stronger solubility showed low gas permeation and high O₂/N₂ selectivity due to the denser skin layer. Hollow fiber membrane made from PPESK/DMAc/EtOH/THF system had thicker skin layer than that made from PPESK/DMAc/GBL system with the same ratio of near-to-cloud-point of NSA, which resulted in the higher O₂/N₂ selectivity. Along with the increase of NSA content, the gas permeation increased and the O₂/N₂ selectivity decreased. The O₂/N₂ selectivity of hollow fiber membranes made from PPESK/DMAc/GBL and PPESK/DMAc/EtOH/THF systems were 4.9 and 4.8 respectively, when the membrane forming systems contained appropriate content of NSA. The high polymer concentration resulted in low gas permeation and high O₂/N₂ selectivity. When the air gap was excessively long, the membrane performance dropped because of the damage to the dense skin layer. There was no significant drop on the membrane performance when the operation temperature was elevated to 90°C. The average O₂/N₂ selectivity was higher than 3.0 at 70°C during a long period of 55 days' test time. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Synthesis and characterization of sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) for ultrafiltration and nanofiltration membranes

Modification of poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) by sulfonation with concentrated or fuming sulfuric acid as sulfonation agents was carried out to prepare membrane materials with increased hydrophilicity and potentially increased fouling resistance. Sulfonated PPESK (SPPESK) copolymers, with a degree of sulfonation ranging from 10–300%, were prepared and characterized. Factors affecting the sulfonation reaction were studied, and reaction conditions for the preparation of SPPESK with different degrees of sulfonation were determined. Compared with the properties of PPESK, the hydrophilicity of SPPESK was increased, as shown by a reduced contact angle with water. The glass transition temperature was increased from 278°C (PPESK) to a maximum of 323°C for the highly sulfonated derivative, due to the strong polarity of  SO₃H and hydrogen bonding. Ultrafiltration membranes prepared with PPESK and SPPESK were compared. For a SPPESK asymmetric membrane, the PEG12000 rejection was 98% and the water flux was 876 kg · m⁻² · h⁻¹. SPPESK/PPESK composite nanofiltration membranes were also prepared and were shown to have short‐term operational stability up to 120°C. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 1685–1692, 2001     

Morphologies and properties of poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) matrix ultrafiltration membranes with entrapped TiO2 nanoparticles

Poly(phthalazine ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) is a newly developed membrane material with superior thermal stability and comprehensive properties. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂)‐entrapped PPESK ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were formed by dispersing uniformly nanosized TiO₂ particles in the casting solutions. Initially, the inorganic nanoparticles were organically modified with silane couple reagent to overcome the aggregation and to improve the dispersibility in organic solvent. The membranes were prepared through the traditional phase inversion method. The effects of inorganic TiO₂ nanoparticles on the membrane surface morphology and cross section structure were investigated using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Water contact angle (CA) measurement was conducted to investigate the hydrophilicity and surface wettability of the membranes. The influence of TiO₂ on the permeability, antifouling, and tensile mechanical properties of the PPESK membranes were evaluated by UF experiments and tensile tests. The experimental results showed that the obtained TiO₂‐entrapped PPESK UF membranes exhibit remarkable improvement in the antifouling and mechanical properties because of the introduction of TiO₂ nanoparticles. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3623–3629, 2007     

Preparation and characterization of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) blends for proton exchange membrane

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (PVdF/SPPESK) blend membranes are successfully prepared by solution blending method for novel proton exchange membrane (PEM). PVdF crystallinity, FTIR‐ATR spectroscopy, thermal stability, morphology, water uptake, dimension stability, and proton conductivity are investigated on PVdF/SPPESK blends with different PVdF contents. XRD and DSC analysis reveal that the PVdF crystallinity in the blends depends on PVdF content. The FTIR‐ATR spectra indicate that SPPESK remains proton‐conducting function in the blends due to the intactness of ? SO₃H group. Thermal analysis results show a very high thermal stability (T_d1 = 246–261°C) of the blends. PVdF crystallinity and morphology study demonstrate that with lower PVdF content, PVdF are very compatible with SPPESK. Also, with lower PVdF content, PVdF/SPPESK blends possess high water uptake, e.g., P/S 10/90 and P/S 15/85 have water uptake of 135 and 99% at 95°C, respectively. The blend membranes also have good dimension stability because the swelling ratios are at a fairly low level (e.g., 8–22%, 80°C). PVdF/SPPESK blends with low PVdF content exhibit very high proton conductivity, e.g., at 80°C, P/S 15/85 and P/S 10/90 reach 2.6 × 10^?2 and 3.6 × 10^?2 S cm^?1, respectively, which are close to or even higher than that (3.4 × 10^?2 S cm^?1) of Nafion115 under the same test condition. All above properties indicate that the PVdF/SPPESK blend membranes (particularly, with 10–20% of PVdF content) are very promising for use in PEM field. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Synthesis and properties of novel poly(phthalazinone ether ketone ketone)

A novel poly(phthalazinone ether ketone ketone) was prepared via the nucleophilic substitution polycondensation of bis-1,4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)benzene and 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-phthalazin-1-one. The synthesized polymer exhibited high glass-transition temperature, excellent thermooxidative properties, and fair rheological properties. The polymer was soluble in some polar solvents. Electronic friction and membrane properties are also discussed. The results indicate that the polymer falls in the class of high temperature resistance engineering plastics. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 823–826, 2001     

Micro‐ and ultrafiltration film membranes from poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK)

Film membranes from the thermoplastic poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) have been extruded and tested for their microfiltration and ultrafiltration performance. High‐performance asymmetric membranes have been obtained by extruding polymer blends of PEEK, polysulphone, and a small molecule solvent mixture, and then by removing the polysulphone and solvent in a subsequent extraction step. The process for making ultrafiltration membranes differs from microfiltration membranes only in the relative blend components, and the temperature of the film pick‐up rolls. Processing parameters with important effects on the membrane performance have been identified. Microfiltration membranes are characterized by their pore‐size distributions and SEM, and ultrafiltration membranes by their rejection of bovine serum albumin, bubble point, and SEM. Composite membrane for nanofiltration utilizing the PEEK ultrafiltration membrane as a substrate performed similarly to a commercial membrane for the same purpose. This work details the best method for making PEEK film membranes published to date. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 1146–1155, 1999     

Application of poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone)s to gas membrane separation

A series of poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) copolymers containing different component ratios of bis(4‐fluorodiphenyl) ketone and bis(4‐chlorodiphenyl)sulfone with respect to a certain amount of 4‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐2,3‐phthalazin‐1‐one were synthesized by polycondensation. Glass transition temperatures of these polymers were adjusted from 263°C to 305°C by changing the ratios of reactants. Gas permeability and selectivity of the dense membranes of the polymers for three kinds of gases (CO₂, O₂, and N₂) were determined at different temperatures. The result indicated that the membrane of PPESK (S/K = 1/1, mol ratio) had an excellent gas separation property. Permeability of the polymer membranes for CO₂, O₂, and N₂ was P = 4.121 barrier, P = 0.674 barrier, and P = 0.0891 barrier, respectively. Separation factors of α and α were 7.6 and 46, respectively. New material was made into a composite membrane with silicone rubber for blocking up leaks and defects on the surface of its nonsymmetrical membrane. As a result of the test, permeability of the composite membrane was J = 7.2 × 10⁻⁶ cm³ (STP) cm⁻² S⁻¹ cm⁻¹ Hg and J = 0.99 × 10⁻⁶ cm³ (STP) cm⁻² S⁻¹ cm⁻¹ Hg, whereas the α was still higher than 7. These showed that PPESKs had a bright prospect as the potential membrane material for high‐temperature gas separation. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 2385–2390, 1999     

Preparation,morphologies, and properties of positively charged quaternized poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) nanofiltration membranes

Positively charged quaternized poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (QAPPESK) nanofiltration (NF) membranes were prepared from chloromethylated poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) by the dye/wet phase inversion method with N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP) and N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvents. The effects of the ratio of NMP to DMAc, the evaporation time, the evaporation temperature, and the coagulation temperature on membrane performance were evaluated by the orthogonal design method. The results showed that the optimal preparation conditions were an NMP/DMAc ratio of 2/8, an evaporation time of 5 min at 70°C, and a coagulation temperature lower than 5°C. The effects of the additive type and concentration on the QAPPESK NF membrane cross‐section morphology and performance were investigated in detail. Furthermore, QAPPESK NF membranes exhibited good thermal stability with stable membrane performance for 120 h at 60°C. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Fine poly(ether ether ketone) powders

The physical form of polymers is often important for carrying out subsequent processing operations. For example, fine powders are desirable for molding and sintering compounds because they consolidate to produce void free components. The objective of this work is to prepare fine polymeric particulates suitable for processing into fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites. Micron size particles of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) were prepared by rapidly quenching solutions of these materials. PEEK pellets were dissolved at temperatures near the PEEK melting point in a mixture of terphenyls and quaterphenyls; then the solution was quenched to a temperature between the T_g and T_m (≈ 225°C) by adding a room temperature eutectic mixture of diphenyl ether and biphenyl. A supersaturated, metastable solution of PEEK resulted, causing rapid nucleation. Fine PEEK particles rapidly crystallized from this solution. The average particle size was measured using transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and by light scattering of aqueous suspensions which had been fractionated by centrifugation. The average particle diameter was about 0.6 μm. Three dimensional photomicrographs obtained via atomic force microscopy showed some aggregates in the suspensions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 63: 1571–1578, 1997     

Sulfonation of poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) by heterogeneous method and its potential application on proton exchange membrane (PEM)

A series of sulfonated PPESK (SPPESKs) were synthesized through a heterogeneous sulfonation process with fuming sulfuric acid as sulfonating agent in a chloroform solvent. Membranes prepared from SPPESKs were investigated and proved to be candidates of proton exchange membrane in fuel cell operating at high temperature and low humidity. The heterogeneous sulfonation reaction is verified to first occur on the interface of the acid phase and the chloroform phase, then went on in the acid phase. SPPESKs with sulfonation degree (DS) up to 2.0 are obtained through a new reprecipitation method. Effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, acid/polymer ratio, and chloroform/polymer ratio on the sulfonation reaction are reported in details. An increase in sulfonation degree results in the increase of hydrophilicity, bringing about a substantial gain in proton conductivity. SPPESK membranes exhibit high water uptake of about 105.4% with DS of 1.01, almost two times higher than that of Nafion® with similar dimensional variation. Conductivity values at 35°C, 60% R.H. ranging from 10^?3 to 10^?2 S/cm were measured, which are comparable to or higher than that of Nafion® 112 (1.635 × 10^?2 S/cm) under the same test condition. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that SPPESK membranes are stable up to 290°C in N₂. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1002–1009, 2007