微波法合成有序介孔分子筛的研究进展

与传统的水热合成法相比,微波辐射法合成介孔分子筛材料具有反应速率快、能耗低、产物粒度均匀等优点,因而倍受关注。综述了近年来微波法应用于硅基与非硅介孔材料的合成、修饰改性等方面的研究进展。     

含钛介孔分子筛的合成与催化性能

论述了含钛介孔分子筛的水热合成、室温合成、微波合成和选择不同模板剂与嫁接法等合成方法及其特点。对含钛介孔分子筛的表面修饰与改性技术进行了概述。总结了含钛介孔分子筛在催化氧化、烯烃环氧化、羟基化和光催化等反应中的催化性能。指出今后的研究方向是:高水热稳定性含钛介孔分子筛的合成方法;通过对含钛介孔分子筛进行表面修饰,制备出具有独特性能的催化材料;含钛介孔分子筛在光催化及其他催化反应中的催化作用机理。     

含锆介孔分子筛的微波合成与表征(英文)

在微波辐射条件下,以硅酸钠和硫酸锆为原料、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂合成含锆介孔分子筛(zirconium-containing mesoporous molecular sieves,Zr-MCM-41).用X射线粉末衍射、红外光谱,透射电子显微镜、等离子发射光谱和比表面积孔径测定等测试手段表征经550℃焙烧后样品,同时研究锆添加量与分子筛比表面积及孔体积之间的关系.结果表明:利用微波技术合成Zr-MCM-41介孔分子筛,操作便利,节能省时,所得产物具有典型的MCM-41介孔分子筛结构,其比表面积为598.1～971.4m2/g,平均孔径大约为2.46～3A3nm.随着介孔分子筛中锆含量的增加,介孔分子筛的比表面积、孔体积变小,介孔有序性变差.     

介孔分子筛固载催化剂的制备研究

实验制备了介孔分子筛固载催化剂Co-MCM-41,并通过XRD、SEM、TEM分析,表征了介孔分子筛颗粒的粒径、晶型、光谱特征等情况。通过实验数据证明,摩尔比为Co：Si=0.05：1时微波水热法合成的分子筛粉体具有最优的比表面积和平均孔径,可作为催化剂材料。     

由沸石纳米粒子自组装制备具有高催化活性中心和水热稳定的新型介孔分子筛材料

人们合成了一系列介孔分子筛材料,并发现它们在催化、吸附与分离以及化学组装制备先进材料和分子器件等方面具有很大的潜在应用价值.但是,介孔分子筛材料相对于微孔沸石分子筛存在着两个致命弱点:较低的水热稳定性和较不活泼的催化活性中心.这两个弱点大大地影响了介孔分子筛在催化反应中的广泛应用.本文系统地综述了最近几年利用沸石纳米粒子自组装制备具有高催化活性中心和水热稳定的介孔分子筛材料的研究进展.这包括利用硅铝沸石纳米粒子自组装制备具有强酸性和水热稳定的新型介孔硅铝分子筛材料,利用钛硅沸石纳米粒子自组装制备具有高催化氧化活性中心和水热稳定的新型钛硅介孔分子筛材料,以及利用含有不同杂原子的沸石纳米粒子自组装制备一系列水热稳定的新型介孔分子筛催化材料.     

KIT-6介孔分子筛的研究进展

介孔材料由于其孔道规整有序、孔径大小可调,可以实现微孔分子筛难以完成的大分子的吸附、分离反应,近年来介孔分子筛合成和应用的研究引起了学者们的广泛关注.KIT-6介孔分子筛具有高比表面积,三维连通的双螺旋孔道结构的优点,十分适合应用于催化、吸附和药物领域.概述了 KIT-6介孔材料的合成和不同应用领域的研究进展.     

MCM-41介孔分子筛合成与改性的研究进展

简要介绍了MCM-41介孔分子筛的特点,应用和改性原因.综述了MCM-41介孔分子筛的合成方法,主要包括水热合成法,室温合成法,微波合成法等,列出了每种合成方法的优缺点和合成过程中的影响因素,pH值、晶化时间、晶化温度、模板剂的种类及用量等都会对MCM-41介孔分子筛的结构和孔径产生很大影响.阐述了MCM-41介孔分子筛的改性方法,包括金属杂原子取代法,如主族金属、过渡金属、稀土金属等,有机修饰或功能化法,负载型改性法,如负载金属氧化物、无机酸、杂多酸、有机碱、金属的配合物等.最后就MCM-41介孔分子筛的应用前景做了展望.     

氧化硅有序介孔材料MCM-41的微波水热合成及用于组装ZnO纳米粒子

与传统水热合成工艺相比,采用微波水热合成新工艺可以快速合成比表面积大、孔体积和孔径大、孔径分布范围更窄、孔洞呈六方排布的有序介孔材料MCM-41.微波水热合成工艺合成的MCM-41具有合成效率高、成功率高等特点,为此类介孔材料商业化提供了高效的技术手段.采用传统水热工艺合成MCM-41通常需要48～72 h,而采用微波水热合成技术仅需要30 min.采用X射线粉晶衍射(XRD),氮气吸附等技术手段对合成MCM-41材料的物相、比表面积、孔体积、孔径等进行了表征.采用微波水热合成MCM-41的工艺参数为:微波处理的温度120 ℃,时间30 min,微波辐射功率500 W,经过滤、洗涤、干燥、焙烧等处理后,得到的MCM-41具有六方排布的孔系,晶格常数a0=4.4nm,比表面积可达1113 m2/g,平均孔径为2.7 nm,与选用同样配方采用传统水热合成工艺合成的MCM-41的性能相当,却极大提高了合成效率.采用微波水热合成工艺,同样可以合成立方晶系的MCM-48和六方晶系的SBA-15等介孔氧化硅分子筛材料.此外,在微波合成的MCM-41中采用液相工艺成功组装了ZnO纳米粒子,并对组装在MCM-41中的纳米ZnO粒子进行了光催化降解苯酚的实验研究.     

微波辐射在催化剂制备中的应用

微波作为一种独特的加热方式应用于催化剂制备中表现出明显的优越性.综述了微波在分子筛合成、活性组分在载体上的负载、载体的改性及新型材料的合成(包括纳米材料和介孔材料)等方面的研究应用.展望了微波辐射在催化剂制备中的应用前景.     

含Ni介孔分子筛的合成及其对苯加氢催化性能

采用水热法合成出不含镍和含镍的硅基介孔分子筛.利用XRD、FT-IR、TPR、TEM和比表面孔径测定等手段对样品进行了表征.结果表明：合成出有序性好的介孔分子筛（MCM-41）,550 ℃焙烧可以将模板剂有效去除,所合成介孔分子筛负载Pt后介孔有序性降低,但是介孔结构仍然存在.苯催化加氢反应研究表明：不含Ni的介孔分子筛不具有加氢活性,当将其负载Pt后具有苯加氢催化活性;含Ni介孔分子筛本身具有苯加氢活性,含Ni介孔分子筛负载Pt后苯加氢催化活性有较大的提高,所有样品的环己烷选择性都接近100 %,说明含Ni介孔分子筛可以直接作为苯加氢反应的催化剂或作为苯加氢催化剂良好的载体.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。