以地热干燥为主体的地热综合利用

利用高４地热井的良好地热资源，在原有地热利用的基础上，进行了以地热干燥为主体的地热综合利用的研究与实践。本文描述了地热水洗烘羊毛的工艺、羊毛干燥装置及其热工计算，分析了经济效益和节能效益。     

供水的测控技术与节能

本文以长沙市自来水公司为例，论述了利用现代测控技术，建立城市供水调度微机三遥网络管理系统，可提高供水运行的节能水平。     

福建省地热资源分布及利用现状调研综述

在对福建省地热资源分布及其利用倚况调研的基础上，较详细地阐述了福建省地热资源储备、地热水质特性、地热分布及其利用的现状，并针对地热水的管理、综合利用以及在利用中存在的有关技术问题提出建议。     

地热资源及其在热泵供热中的应用

地热能是清洁的可再生能源。介绍了我国的地热资源及其应用现状，分析了利用低温地热和地热尾水热量的热泵应用技术，比较了地热热泵供热与燃煤和燃气锅炉供热的经济性，同时探讨了提高地热资源利用率的措施。     

低温地热风机盘管采暖系统运行参数的优化设计

本文针对低温地热采暖方式的特点，应用技术经济学原理，分析了采暖系统最佳运行参数组合关系及其影响因素，对低温地热采暖系统中采用风机盘管运行参数进行了整体优化，最终得到不同设计负荷下地热利用温降和最佳运行工况。通过分析和优化设计，在低温地热采暖系统中采用风机盘管较其他常规采暖方式能够有效地降低运行成本，进一步深化资源的开发利用，提高经济性。     

柴油机运行在不同海拔地区的碳烟排放特性

采用微机控制的大气模拟综合测控系统深入研究了柴油机运行在不同海拔地区的排放特性。根据试验结果，分析了运行在不同海拔地区的柴油机碳烟排放特性及其影响因素。所获得的结论有助于解决运行在高原地区的柴油机的碳烟排放问题。     

我国地热干燥现状和前景

介绍了我国目前运行的七座地热干燥装置，对其干燥技术特点进行了分析。认为，我国地热干燥的特点为：绝大多数用于地热干燥的地热流体温度在１００℃以下，地热干燥利用大都和地热综合梯级利用相结合，有些地热干燥装置具有多功能和多能互补性能。最后，对我国地热干燥前景提出几点看法：结合我国的国情应坚持地热干燥作为地热综合梯级利用的一部分，要注意地热干燥装置选型与地热资源温度的关系和地热干燥产品与市场经济的关系，要     

福建省地热资源分布及利用现状调研综述

在对福建省地热资源分布及其利用情况调研的基础上 ,较详细地阐述了福建省地热资源储备、地热水质特性、地热分布及其利用的现状 ,并针对地热水的管理、综合利用以及在利用中存在的有关技术问题提出建议     

电阻炉微机测控系统的故障诊断与处理

介绍电阻炉微机测控系统的故障诊断与处理电路，并分析了热电偶、晶闸管、电阻丝、软件等失效情况，提出了一系列的故障保护措施。     

“地热利用关键设设备和防腐技术研究”通过技术鉴定

“地热利用关键设设备和防腐技术研究”通过技术鉴定由天津大学地热研究培训中心与天津市海水淡化所共同进行的“地热利用关键设备防腐技术研究”于日前通过了天津市科委组织的技术鉴定。天津地热资源丰富，地热直接利用以冬季采暖为主，天津的地热区域供暖面积已达２００...     

地热直供结合燃气吸收式热泵供暖系统的应用分析

介绍了地热直供结合燃气吸收式热泵系统的工作原理。结合工程实例,对燃油锅炉和地热直供结合燃气吸收式热泵两种供热热源的技术和经济性进行了比较和分析。各采暖期的实际运行数据表明,采用地热直供结合燃气吸收式热泵作为供热热源具有明显的节能效果和经济效益。     

A study on the optimized control strategies of geothermal heat pump system and absorption chiller‐heater

The world is becoming increasingly interested in renewable energy including geothermal energy. The utilization of geothermal systems is currently low because geothermal systems and existing source systems are used independently, but the supply rate of a geothermal system is increasing. Therefore, suggesting efficient operation plans and evaluations of the energy consumption and efficiency of a geothermal system is needed. This paper reports the results of a field study and survey of the present applications and operation conditions of a geothermal system. In addition, this paper proposes an efficient operation strategy for a geothermal system and compares this operation strategy with an existing operation strategy through simulation. The problems of existing operation condition were found out through a field study, and alternatives were proposed. The improvements were evaluated using the transient systems simulation program. And it would be possible for the reduction of the energy consumption through the comparative analysis of equipment efficiency and energy consumption. The result of analyzing the proposed combination header method through simulations compared with existing operation conditions can increase the use of geothermal systems, but the combined cooling and hot water of a geothermal heat pump and existing thermal source system reduced the efficiency of the heat pump. As a result of simulation on individual load‐sharing method, efficiency of geothermal system is increasing compared with the combination header method. This method was especially made to separate geothermal system's water loop and existing thermal source system's water loop. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Geothermal energy in Turkey: the sustainable future

Turkey is an energy importing nation with more than half of our energy requirements met by imported fuels. Air pollution is becoming a significant environmental concern in the country. In this regard, geothermal energy and other renewable energy sources are becoming attractive solution for clean and sustainable energy future for Turkey. Turkey is the seventh richest country in the world in geothermal energy potential. The main uses of geothermal energy are space heating and domestic hot water supply, greenhouse heating, industrial processes, heat pumps and electricity generation. The district heating system applications started with large-scale, city-based geothermal district heating systems in Turkey, whereas the geothermal district heating centre and distribution networks have been designed according to the geothermal district heating system (GDHS) parameters. This constitutes an important advantage of GDHS investments in the country in terms of the technical and economical aspects. In Turkey, approximately 61,000 residences are currently heated by geothermal fluids. A total of 665 MW_t is utilized for space heating of residential, public and private property, and 565,000 m² of greenhouses. The proven geothermal heat capacity, according to data from existing geothermal wells and natural discharges, is 3132 MWt. Present applications have shown that geothermal energy is clean and much cheaper compared to the other fossil and renewable energy sources for Turkey.     

Design of geothermal steam supply systems in Iceland

The role of the geothermal steam supply system is to receive the geothermal fluid from the geothermal wells, separate the steam from the water and to deliver steam and/or water to a user of the thermal energy. It may be for direct use in any kind of an industrial process, such as drying, heating, cooling, etc., or it may be intended for electric power generation. The steam supply system delivers the fluid at a specified temperature, pressure and quality to the user.The steam supply system consists of wellheads, steam collection pipelines, nowadays in Iceland normally designed for two-phase flow of water and steam, steam-water separators, main steam/water lines, moisture separators, control valves, exhaust system, and effluent disposal equipment as needed and may include compressors and/or pumps for long distance transportation.Design criteria for the system depend on one hand upon the characteristics of the geothermal field, and on the other upon the intended use and required steam quality and economy. High enthalpy fields, for example, are capable of producing high pressure steam which is relatively economical when electric power generation alone is being considered. For such systems, high quality of the steam is of utmost importance.The paper gives a general overview of the steam supply systems in Iceland and describes the main features of the Nesjavellir steam supply system where the main emphasis was laid on high steam quality in order to prevent scaling in turbines, control valves and heat exchangers. New systems or systems needing restoration should be based on the same features.     

太原市亲贤地垒区地下热水成因及地热资源评价

为了科学合理开发利用地热资源,在分析太原市亲贤地垒区地热田形成背景的基础上建立了地热田地质模型,分析了热水补给来源和运移机制,并对地热资源进行了评价。结果表明,太原市亲贤地热田地热水来源于大气降水补给,属滞流型无氚老水;亲贤地垒区热田具备了良好的盖层、热储、热源和水循环通道等地质条件,热水是经深循环(受深部热源加热)而形成的;热水开采量不能超过3 600m3/d,热水储存资源量为9.76×108 m3,可实现开采的地热能折合标准煤约1 500×104t。     

高效利用地热水的系统型式及其经济分析

讨论了解决当前地热水严重浪费问题的几种技术方案。分析了三种系统型式：用于普通热水锅炉给水的系统；有蒸气锅炉和溴化锂吸收式热泵的复合系统；有电动蒸汽压缩式热泵的系统。证明地热水供热系统中使用热泵具有节能与经济意义。     

公共建筑储热式地热供暖系统多目标协同优化

储热技术是解决办公建筑地热供暖系统供需难以良好匹配及提高地热能利用率的有效手段之一,然而储热装置的引入将增加供暖系统的投资与维护成本,在一定程度上使系统发展受限。以位于河北省沧州地区的某办公建筑为研究对象,构建了储热式地热供暖系统模型,以综合成本、地热能利用率与碳排放量为优化目标,对系统设备选型及运行策略开展协同优化设计。研究表明,与基准系统相比,增设储热水箱可以明显改善地热供暖系统的性能;合理地控制储热水箱储、放热与热泵机组运行是降低系统成本与碳排放量、提高地热能利用率的关键。在此基础上,确定了储热式地热供暖系统的最优运行策略以及对应的设备选型优化参数。最优运行策略下相较于基准系统综合成本降低30.24%,日均地热能利用率提高11.12%,碳排放量减少46.65%。     

Analysis of effective thermal conductivity stability of geothermal heat exchanger according to ambient environmental conditions

At present, geothermal energy is a promising research area but still has numerous areas to be explored. The thermal performance verification of U‐shaped closed geothermal heat exchange was proposed to improve the effective thermal conductivity value applying initial ignoring time (IIT). To verify the thermal performance of the underground heat exchanger in the rock layer according to the surrounding environment and groundwater conditions, verifications were conducted for the amount of circulating water, amount of heat input, and groundwater conditions. The circulating fluid flow rate of the system, supply of water into the ground, and influence of the change of supplied heat source were analyzed. The effective heat conduction characteristics were analyzed using the linear heat source model and initial exclusion time. Therefore, in the thermal response test, the main error occurs according to the determined initial removal time, and the reliability of the effective thermal conductivity value is increased by applying IIT to reduce this error.     

Mo.nalis.a: a methodological approach to identify how to meet thermal industrial needs using already available geothermal resources

Mo.nalis.a is a conceptual model aimed at identifying the most suitable local geothermal sources to match the nearest industrial thermal needs. The methodological approach proposed is based on investigating industrial thermal processes and then identifying suitable geothermal solution plants that match these thermal requirements. The model was tested in Apulia (southern Italy) as a case study for assessing how the methodology could contribute to reducing the use of conventional energy resources for the industrial heat supply sector. The medium thermal needs in Apulia are always higher than 60 °C, and the main strategic industrial processes discussed into this work are “pasta and flour production” “wastewater treatment/sludge digestion” and “swimming pool management”. In order to match these industrial thermal demands, the most suitable proposed plant is the ground water heat pump system, limited to the first 100 m, the depth involved in the heat exchange through vertical probes of model. Finally, Mo.nalis.a identifies the Apulian areas with a possible development of these three activities using geothermal resource: the Foggia province, Murge and Salento sectors.     

Shallow gravel aquifers and the urban ‘heat island’ effect: a source of low enthalpy geothermal energy

Northern European countries with no high temperature geothermal resources can utilise the urban ‘heat island’ effect to generate low enthalpy geothermal energy for space heating/cooling systems in buildings, provided a suitable aquifer underlies the urban area. Buried valleys, formed at the height of the Pleistocene glaciation 15,000 years ago, when sea level was 130 m lower than present, and infilled with gravels as sea level rose again at the end of the Pleistocene, underlie many European cities. These high yielding aquifers exist at only a few metres depth, and can provide a supply of groundwater at temperatures elevated 3–4 K above the average rural groundwater temperatures. This can produce a marked improvement both in the output and in the efficiency of a geothermal system making use of this source. When passed through a heat pump operating at a Coefficient of Performance (COP) of 4.5:1, a well yielding 20 l/s of groundwater at 13 °C can generate 865 kW heat, sufficient to supply space heating for buildings with a footprint in excess of 12,000 m² with a peak heating intensity of 70 W/m². The economics of this low enthalpy geothermal energy source are outlined. Although development costs are minimal, at current low natural gas fuel prices in Ireland, heating-only applications will be less attractive, and a real cost saving will only accrue if dual heating/cooling functions can be developed.