板式换热器板型尺寸对换热性能影响的探讨

本文介绍了板式换热器的常用板片结构和特点以及设计选用时需要考虑因素，分析了板片的波纹形式及几何参数对换热性能的影响，并通过实例对特定条件板型尺寸对板片换热性能的影响进行了分析比较。     

浮式液化天然气用印刷板路换热器研究和应用进展

印刷板路式换热器凭借其紧凑、高效、可靠的特点能够满足海上浮式天然气液化的主低温换热器的需求,近几年逐渐成为海上浮式天然气液化的主低温换热器的首选。本文对近几年印刷板路式换热器的研究进展进行了综述,包括印刷板路式换热器的基本原理、基于扩散焊接的制造工艺、传热和流动特性、换热器机械特性等;总结了印刷板路式换热器在海上浮式液化天然气中的应用现状以及亟需攻克的关键技术,包括热力设计、制造工艺、检测技术。     

印刷电路板式换热器流道结构优化研究

印刷电路板式换热器(PCHE)采用扩散焊进行焊接，焊接压力沿换热板片的传递易出现中断，导致流道中部出现未焊合区。为提高焊合质量，本研究进行了流道结构优化，结果表明：增大矩形流道倒角有利于提高焊合质量，将冷热流道进行错位(使下层流道肋板处于上层流道中间),也可以改变板间轴向应力分布，提高焊合质量。     

板式换热器结构及维修注意事项

板式换热器是近些年来得到广泛应用的一种新型高效、紧凑的热交换器。它是由一些列互相平行、具有波纹表面的薄金属板相叠而成,比螺旋板式热交换器更为紧凑,传热性能更好。板式换热器的型式主要有框架式(可拆卸式)和钎焊式两大类,板片形式主要有人字形波纹板、水平平直波纹板和瘤形     

7050高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊典型宏观缺陷试验研究

目的 研究7050铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头中隧道缺陷及未焊透缺陷的行程规律及其对接头性能的影响。方法 采用预制间隙、改变搅拌针长度等方法获得了搅拌摩擦焊隧道缺陷及未焊透缺陷,通过金相分析、力学性能测试对缺陷及接头性能进行了分析。结果 相比隧道缺陷,根部未焊透缺陷对接头性能的影响更大,压入量对隧道、未焊透缺陷有重要影响,板厚5 mm,搅拌针长度小于4.8 mm时,未焊透缺陷对接头性能将产生显著影响。结论 应严格控制搅拌针长度及压入量,避免根部未焊透缺陷对接头性能的影响。     

焊前装配精度对 5083 铝合金 FSW 工艺的影响

搅拌摩擦焊属于精密的加工技术,对焊前装配精度要求比较高,装配精度的高低会直接影响焊缝性能的优劣。基于这一背景,研究了装配过程中对接间隙和板厚差对铝合金搅拌摩擦焊焊缝表面成形、内部成形以及力学性能的影响。研究表明:FSW工艺对对接间隙存在1.1 mm的容限,在0~1.1 mm的对接间隙内,焊接接头与无缺陷接头的力学性能比较接近,当对接间隙高于这个值时,接头性能就会由于缺陷的出现而显著降低;FSW工艺对板材板厚差也存在一定的容限,当板厚差低于容限,所得接头的力学性能差距不大,当板厚差高于容限,焊接质量就会显著下降。     

氦质谱检漏在印刷板式换热器中的应用

本文针对印刷板式换热器的结构特点和密封性要求,通过检漏方法选择、漏率指标设定和漏率计算完成了印刷板式换热器检漏方案的制定.根据制定的检漏方案,完成了印刷板式换热器实际产品的氦质谱检漏工作,实测漏率满足验收要求.经水压试验和气压试验验证,漏率指标设定合理,检漏工艺可靠.     

板式换热器传热特性数值模拟与参数优化

以工业广泛使用的板式换热器为研究对象,模拟了人字型波纹板片组成的冷热双流体通道的流动和换热,分析了板式换热器流道内的速度场、温度场和压力场,研究了波纹板片的几何参数对传热特性的影响规律。以传热过程中产生的火积耗散为目标函数,采用序列二次规划法(NLPQL)对波纹板片的结构参数进行了优化,优化后传热性能明显提高。     

横流板式间接蒸发换热器的开发研究

横流板式间接蒸发换热器是间接蒸发技术应用于空气处理的一种典型设备,可以有效的回收空排风的热量(冷量),对降低空调能耗,实现建筑节能具有重要意义.提出了横流板式间接蒸发热器的热工计算方法,并根据间接蒸发换热过程传热传质的特点,应用ε-N1rU方法设计出了不规格,适用于不同新风量、结构紧凑、经济节能的横流板式间接蒸发换热器,并开发了横流板.间接蒸发换热器的计算机辅助设计程序.最后对横流板式间接蒸发换热器的性能进行了评价.     

片宽对两排翅片管式换热器性能的影响

基于传统片宽的φ7 mm两排翅片管式换热器,针对片宽对换热器性能的影响进行数值模拟和试验验证,数值模拟结果表明:片宽大于18 mm后对空气侧换热性能几乎没有影响,对空气侧压降影响较小;整机性能测试结果表明:片宽为18 mm的换热器与传统片宽换热器性能基本一致,但前者成本较低,产品竞争力提高。     

超临界甲烷在印刷电路板换热器中加热过程模拟

印刷电路板换热器(Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger,PCHE)是一种新型微通道换热器,其换热的高效性和集成性非常适合用于LNG接收站的中间流体换热器(IFV)中。对超临界甲烷在PCHE中的对流换热进行数值模拟,研究了质量流量、入口压力、热通量及通道形状对微通道内甲烷换热系数的影响。结果表明,表面换热系数随温度的变化先增大再减小,并在假临界温度处达到最大值;PCHE半圆形通道内的换热特性高于普通圆形通道;其换热系数随流速的增加而增加;随热流密度的增加而增加;压力对换热特性的影响与介质所处的温度区间有关。     

基于R410A的板式换热器两相仿真计算模型

建立了R410A的板式换热器两相仿真计算模型,基于实验数据对模型进行了误差分析和比较,总结了影响两相换热的影响因素.通过关联式修正,冷凝换热模型平均误差可以达到5%以下;蒸发换热在Yan and Lin模型基础上修正的形式与已有文献相比拟合精度提高10%,平均误差为6.5%,离散度减小.压降方面,基于Yan and Lin和Shah-Focke模型的修正压降关联式,实验数据验证该式平均误差2.5%,最大误差8%.     

三角形波纹板式溶液热交换器传热特性研究

为了解三角形波纹板式溶液热交换器的传热特性，通过对其物理数学模型的求解，并与平板式溶液热交换器相对比，得到了三角形波纹板式溶液热交换器的流动、传热特性以及不同溶液流速对其传热性能的影响。研究三角形波纹板式溶液热交换器的波纹形状对其流动、传热性能的影响，得到波纹长度、波纹夹角与换热器的传热系数、换热器内流体压降的关系，其结果可为溶液热交换器的设计与优化提供依据与理论指导。     

三个关键几何参数对人字形波纹钎焊板式换热器换热性能影响的分析

以水-水热交换器为例,以CFD模拟软件为手段,以κ-ε模型为基础构建人字形波纹板式换热器模型,并系统分析波纹倾角、波纹深度、波纹间距这3个重要几何参数对换热器内部温度场、压力场、流场及平均努塞尔数和流动阻力的影响。研究结果表明,触点是板间换热效果最好的点,触点的扰流作用使流体在触点周围湍流程度最高,传热得到强化,这也是板式换热器内流体在雷诺数较低时发生湍流的主要原因;另一方面,流体经过触点后压力损失较大,是产生阻力损失的主要原因。波纹倾角是最重要的一个影响参数,最优波纹倾角在60°附近,此时换热效果较好而阻力尚未达到最大;波纹深度增加,平均努塞尔数增大,换热效果趋于好转,板间压力降也逐渐降低。但随着波纹深度的增加,结垢的倾向也会增加,因此较为合理的波纹深度应该在4～5mm之间;在给定的边界条件下,通过计算所得的波纹间距与波纹深度之比在3～4范围内时换热器性能较好。     

Effect of surface treatments on the frosting/defrosting behavior of a fin-tube heat exchanger

The effects of the heat exchanger surface treatment on the frosting/defrosting behavior in a fin-tube heat exchanger are investigated experimentally. It is found that the hydrophilic surface mainly influences the frosting behavior, while the hydrophobic surface has some influence on the defrosting behavior. In view of the frosting, a surface-treated heat exchanger with either hydrophilic or hydrophobic characteristic shows little improvement in the thermal performance rather than the bare aluminum heat exchanger. The results reveal that the heat exchanger with a hydrophobic surface treatment is more effective in view of the defrosting efficiency and time. The amount of residual water on the surface-treated heat exchangers is shown to be smaller than that of the bare heat exchanger. Therefore further improvements on the performance of re-operations are expected.

Résumé

The effects of the heat exchanger surface treatment on the frosting/defrosting behavior in a fin-tube heat exchanger are investigated experimentally. It is found that the hydrophilic surface mainly influences the frosting behavior, while the hydrophobic surface has some influence on the defrosting behavior. In view of the frosting, a surface-treated heat exchanger with either hydrophilic or hydrophobic characteristic shows little improvement in the thermal performance rather than the bare aluminum heat exchanger. The results reveal that the heat exchanger with a hydrophobic surface treatment is more effective in view of the defrosting efficiency and time. The amount of residual water on the surface-treated heat exchangers is shown to be smaller than that of the bare heat exchanger. Therefore further improvements on the performance of re-operations are expected.     

Experimental investigation of heat transfer coefficient of mini-channel PCHE (printed circuit heat exchanger)

Heat transfer coefficient of a mini-channel printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) with counter-flow configuration is investigated. The PCHE used in the experiments is two layered (10 channels per layer) and has the hydraulic diameter of 1.83 mm. Experiments are conducted under various cryogenic heat transfer conditions: single-phase, boiling and condensation heat transfer. Heat transfer coefficients of each experiments are presented and compared with established correlations. In the case of the single-phase experiment, empiricial correlation of modified Dittus-Boelter correlation was proposed, which predicts the experimental results with 5% error at Reynolds number range from 8500 to 17,000. In the case of the boiling experiment, film boiling phenomenon occurred dominantly due to large temperature difference between the hot side and the cold side fluids. Empirical correlation is proposed which predicts experimental results with 20% error at Reynolds number range from 2100 to 2500. In the case of the condensation experiment, empirical correlation of modified Akers correlation was proposed, which predicts experimental results with 10% error at Reynolds number range from 3100 to 6200.     

Fan-less heat exchanger concept for CO2 heat pump systems

A novel system for space heating has been developed taking advantage of the favourable characteristics of the transcritical CO₂ cycle, where heat is rejected by cooling of supercritical gas at gliding temperature. By a proper design of a counter flow heat exchanger it is possible to heat air to high temperatures and thereby giving the driving force for circulation of air through the heat exchanger, in consequence without using a fan. A concept without a fan, here called a fan-less concept, would give several advantages; no noise, no power consumption for the fan and increased comfort with reduced air draft in the room. The concept may also be used for heat rejection in systems for light commercial applications or other applications where fan assisted heat rejection concepts are used today.

An experimental study of a CO₂ to air heat exchanger has been performed. The heat exchanger was made of a vertically finned aluminium profile. Tubes for CO₂ were mounted in the base of the profile. CO₂ at supercritical pressure flowing downwards through the profile was heating air flowing in the channels formed by the fins of the profile. In this way a perfect counter flow heat exchange was obtained. The prototype heat exchanger was 2000 mm high and 190 mm wide, with 45 mm deep fins.

A simulation model was developed and verified to give good accordance with the experimental data. The model was then used to study how different design parameters influence the efficiency of the heat exchanger. By altering the number of fins and the fin thickness of the tested profile, the heat output at a given condition could be increased to almost double, meaning that the initial design was relatively far from optimal.

With the original heat exchanger profile design concept a heat exchanger with height, width and depth of, respectively 2000, 750 and 200 mm, would be required in order to achieve a heat output of 2500 W if the constraints for assumed acceptable efficiency was applied. If a heat exchanger with less height is preferred, the width will have to be increased in order to maintain about the same front area, width times height. Ideas have also been introduced for how to improve both the compactness and efficiency of the heat exchanger by introducing a compact counter flow heat exchanger in the lower part of the air flow channel. It is concluded that the new concept looks promising for use as the indoor heat exchanger in an air-to-air heat pump or as a gascooler for heat rejection in small commercial equipment, when using CO₂ as refrigerant.     

动力电池简易热管理系统的研究

动力电池的寿命及可靠性对整车的安全性至关重要,基于液冷冷却方式,本文设计并研制了一套动力电池简易热管理机组,通过软件仿真、实验室测试及装车测试证实了方案的可行性。研究表明：通过抽取大巴的空调风及环境风分别在夏季及春秋两季对低温换热器中的防冻液进行冷却,能够较好的匹配动力电池在不同环境下对制冷能力的要求;在实验室及装车两种情况下,机组在设计工况下的制冷量均大于2.5 kW;机组采用PTC制热时,实际功率与设定功率之间的误差在2%以内;机组装车后,引风管长度小于2 m,风管90°弯的数量小于2个时,机组换热量仍然满足设计要求;在实验数据与模拟数据误差为15%的条件下,采用Dymola软件对机组进风口的导流板进行优化,得到导流板的角度为73°时能够使进风口的风均匀分布于低温换热器表面。     

基于线激光扫描的核电换热板厚度测量方法研究

为实现核电换热板厚度尺寸的现场快速检测,搭建了面向复杂薄壁零件厚度测量的线激光三维测量系统,针对线性导轨与传感器相向排列特点的位姿标定方法进行了研究,建立核电换热板三维数字化模型,并针对换热板表面曲率缓变的结构特点,提出基于点点距离与空间聚类的厚度尺寸计算方法,实现核电换热板厚度尺寸高效计算。实验结果表明：系统测量精度优于0.15 mm,检测时间≤2 min,计算的换热板平均厚度0.992 1 mm,可满足企业现场(测量精度优于0.2 mm、检测时间≤5 min)检测要求。     

低温冷箱跑冷损失及其对内部换热器温度分布的影响

以中国先进研究堆(CARR)的冷中子源项目为背景,建立了低温换热器与冷箱换热的物理模型,并通过对换热器内部冷热流体之间的传热以及换热器与冷箱、管道、支架之间辐射换热的耦合计算,得出冷箱和换热器的辐射热流密度,以及辐射跑冷对冷箱内部换热器温度分布的影响.辐射跑冷导致换热器温度变化最高达4 K.采用铝箔包裹换热器和管道的隔热方法,可以大幅度减小辐射跑冷量.计算表明,运用该方法后辐射对换热器温度的影响最大不超过0.4 K,结果能够满足使用要求.