三聚氯氰的生产及应用

介绍了三聚氯氰的生产及应用现状,并对其发展前景进行了探讨。     

Preparation of polyamide fibres with antistatic properties

Conclusions It has been found that the ethoxylated phenols which are used as additives to PCA have antistatic properties. Increasing the content of ethoxy groups or the presence of an alkyl radical on the aromatic nucleus reduces their antistatic action.Ethoxylated phenols with a low ethoxy group content have an antistatic effect which is resistant to water treatment. With increase in ethoxy group content, the resistance of the polycaproamide to wet treatments is reduced, the presence of an alkyl radical on the aromatic ring increasing it.Some considerations have been advanced about the mechanism of action of the antistatic additives under study. A method is suggested for selecting them.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 49–51, November–December, 1983.     

Creep of aromatic polyamide fibres

Creep of Kevlar 29, Kevlar 49 and PRD 49-III fibres was investigated. The fibres exhibited transient creep and the strain-time relationship was represented by a logarithmic time law. The creep strain recovered with time when the load was removed. Upon reloading to the same creep stress the strain-time relationship was again logarithmic but the creep rate was reduced. Modulus measurements were made during the creep test and these showed that the modulus increased with time. This result indicated a crystallite rotation mechanism which could account for the experimentally observed creep strain. Creep in PRD 49-III fibres exhibited a small temperature dependence over the temperature range 20°C to 150°C. The apparent creep activation energy was consistent with the range of values reported for hydrogen bonding. This suggests one possible creep mechanism in which the combined action of stress and thermal activation causes rearrangement of intercrystalline bonds in the crystallite boundaries resulting in boundary creep. Boundary creep allows crystallite rotation which produces the macroscopic creep strain. Boundary creep is discussed in terms of the fibre morphology and a model of delayed elasticity.     

纳米石墨在非水介质中的分散

改变超声工艺条件、分散介质、分散剂及其用量来改善纳米石墨在非水介质中的分散稳定性,并通过测试含纳米石墨悬浮液的稳定时间、黏度及吸光度,表征纳米石墨在分散介质中的分散状态。研究结果表明,最佳超声条件:30℃,20—25min;二甲基硅油为最佳分散介质,纳米石墨质量分数为0.03%,钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-105为最佳分散剂,其最佳添加质量分数为2%。     

Fabrication of thin polyester and polyamide fibres with high-speed spinning

Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 4, pp. 48–52, July–August, 1994.     

A spectroscopic study of polyamide fibres structurised with formaldehyde

Conclusions 1. A spectral study of the cross-linking of highly oridented Capron fibre with gaseous formaldehyde has been carried out.2. The formation of transverse chemical bonds in the form of methylene bridges has been shown.3. It has been established that the cross-linking process takes place at the unordered regions.All-Union Scientific Research Institute for Synthetic Fibres (VNIIV). Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 25–27, March–April, 1969.     

Reaction chemistry of gossypol and its derivatives

Gossypol, a complex polyphenolic compound, is a naturally occurring highly colored yellow pigment found in the small intercellular pigment glands in the leaves, stems, roots, and seed of cotton plants. In cottonseed, gossypol contributes to its toxicity and therefore it is regarded as an unwanted processing component. It was not until its antitumor and male infertility activities were discovered that gossypol was considered as a valueadded natural product from cottonseed with useful physiological and chemical properties. These serendipitous discoveries created much excitement, and an enormous amount of research on gossypol has ensued. Since then, much research has focused on the preparation of suitable gossypol derivatives for medicinal applications. This review summarizes current knowledge about gossypol, its stereochemistry, tautomerism, and the many varied reactions the gossypol molecule can undergo.     

Thermooxidative decomposition of phosphorus and metal-containing polyamide fibres

Conclusions -- The thermooxidative decomposition of phosphorus and metal containing polycaproamide fibres prepared by introducing combustion retarders into the polymer melt has been studied.-- It has been found that the synergistic system MPA-AlO(OH), introduced into PCA, leads to the formation of coke-like residues which have a high resistance to oxidation. The coke-like residues obtained on thermolysis of PCA-DAMPA-AlO(OH) are enriched in phosphorus and nitrogen, which indicates a reaction of the flame-proofer with the degradation products of the PCA.Moscow State Textile Academy. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 39–40, September–October, 1992.     

Reaction of ketohexoses with acid in certain non-aqueous sugar solvents

Ketohexoses or potential ketohexoses react rapidly with acids at high temperatures in non-aqueous solvents (containing the grouping R·O·C·C·OH in their structures¹) to produce 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural (HMF). HMF reacts further to give the solvent ether (e.g., II, III or IV ) in a slow reaction. Several of these ethers have been reduced partially to mono-ethers of 2,5-di(hydroxymethyl)furan ( V, VI or VII ) and fully to mono-ethers of 2,5-di(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran ( VIII, IX or X ).     

Swelling of aromatic polyamide fibres in active media

Conclusions The method of swelling in active media, with the aid of optical microscopy, has been used to discover fine structural differences in aramide fibres. The method is informativeTranslated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 33–34, January–February, 1987.     

Dilatometric and thermomechanical studies of aromatic polyamide fibres

The deformation of SVM aromatic polyamide fibres in the temperature range from room temperature to 400°C was investigated by thermomechanical analysis and dilatometry. In the first heating, fibres which had not been thermally drawn were characterized by self-elongation along the axis of orientation and transverse shrinkage, while thermally drawn fibres were characterized by shrinkage in two directions at temperatures below 200°C and self-elongation at higher temperatures. Self-elongation and transverse expansion were observed on repeated heating for both types of fibres in the investigated temperature region.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 1, pp. 38–40, January–February, 1995.     

Surface modification of high-strength aromatic polyamide fibres

A modifying (finishing) composition for aromatic polyamide fibres which improves their properties in use was developed, extending the area of application of these fibres. The optimum composition of the finish was determined: an aqueous emulsion of oligoethyl hydride siloxane with SnCl ₂ catalyst. The finish is fixed and reacts with the fibre primarily in the surface layer, causing certain structural changes. Dedicated to the memory of Academician G. I. Kudryavtsev. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 10–12, May–June, 1998.     

三甲胺修饰戊二醛交联壳聚糖树脂的制备及其吸附性能

用水相均匀交联法制备戊二醛交联壳聚糖树脂 ,以三聚氯氰为活化剂 ,合成了三甲胺修饰戊二醛交联壳聚糖树脂 ,研究了该树脂的红外光谱特征及吸附性能。该树脂对铜 (Ⅱ )和牛血清白蛋白 (BSA)的吸附容量分别为 37mg/g和 460mg/g(以折合干重计 ) ,其吸附行为符合Freundlich等温吸附模型。该树脂制备工艺简单 ,可作为蛋白质分离纯化的吸附剂     

氯丙烯及其衍生产品的开发和利用

介绍了氯丙烯的性质、生产方法及其衍生产品的开发应用情况。     

Crystallinity and crystallite size measurement in polyamide and polyester fibres

X-ray diffraction methods for evaluating crystallinity and crystallite size in fibres generally neglect the possibility of peak overlap, and separate peaks and background by arbitrary procedures. The method described here is based on the resolution of normalized diffraction peaks in terms of combined Gaussian-Cauchy profiles for each peak, together with a polynomial background. Peak area crystallinity is then measured as the total area under the resolved peaks over a defined range. Measurements of apparent crystallite size are obtained from the widths of the resolved peaks. Application of this method to high tenacity nylon-6, nylon-6,6, and PET fibres after annealing, indicates that peak area crystallinity is about 100% for the polyamides and 85% for the polyester. The increase in apparent crystallite size is considered to be due to both an increase in the true mean size and to improvements in local lattice order.     

三聚氯氰与氨基葡萄糖反应产物的鞣革性能

以三聚氯氰(TCT)和氨基葡萄糖为原料,合成了N,O-二-(4,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪基) -氨基葡萄糖(简称CG)。通过FTIR和₁^HNMR对合成产物的结构进行了表征。并将其用于生皮鞣制实验,以脱灰软化状态的绵羊皮为实验材料,通过单因素实验确定了适宜的鞣制工艺条件为：CG鞣剂用量为7.5% (以灰皮质量计),鞣制过程采用30、40、45℃阶梯控温模式进行,各温度对应下的鞣制时间为1、1.5、2h;通过提碱使得浴液pH最终维持在6.0~6.5。实验结果表明：CG鞣制的坯革收缩温度可达78.9℃,革面洁白细腻,身骨柔软。该鞣剂是一种具有良好鞣制效果和应用前景的新型的有机合成鞣剂。