Effective conductive properties of open-cell foams

The work is devoted to the problem of simulation of the effective electro and thermoconductive properties of open-cell foam materials with slim highly conductive ligaments. The solution of this problem depends on two small parameters: the ratio of the typical length and the cross-section size of the ligaments, and the ratio of the conductivities of the host medium and the ligaments. The principal terms of the asymptotic solutions (with respect to these parameters) for the fields inside the ligaments are obtained and used in the framework of a finite element method for the numerical simulation of the fields inside the representative volume element (RVE) of the foam material. The Laguerre tessellation procedure is applied for simulation of foam microstructures with various distributions of cell-sizes inside the RVE. Effective conductivity constants of the foams are obtained by averaging the detailed fields over the RVE. The number of cells inside the RVE for reliable calculations of the effective conductivities is indicated. Dependences of the effective conductive properties of the foams on the shapes of the ligaments and the distribution law of the cell-sizes are obtained and analyzed.     

Influence of curved struts,anisotropic pores and strut cavities on the effective elastic properties of open-cell foams

This work focuses on the modelling of the local foam geometry (strut and node) and analyses its influence on the effective elastic properties. A periodic Kelvin cell is used as a simplified open cell structure. This allows detailed studies of often neglected local geometric details like strut thickness variations, strut curvature, node thickness, node and strut cavities. The foam geometry is described using implicit functions in Blinn transformations, which is a versatile modelling method leading to detailed finite element models. The finite element method together with a computational homogenisation technique is used to determine the effective elastic properties. These are presented for Kelvin cells having a constant porosity, but varying strut curvature and cross-section shape. Geometrical anisotropy and cavities in the struts and nodes are considered as well.     

Fabrication and experimental investigation of metal grid structure-reinforced aluminum foams

This paper put forward an innovative approach for fabricating reinforced aluminum foams through melt foaming method, where the metal grid structure (MGS) was used as a structural skeleton. Samples with a density ranging from 0.31 to 0.56?g/cm³ were fabricated and presented uniform bubbles. The major surface of MGS was covered with a layer of alloy matrix. Compression tests revealed that the compressive plateau phase was transformed into three small phases, where two slight peaks as well as three valleys were detected. In addition, the maximum compressive stress and energy absorption capacity were improved dramatically especially in low-density samples.     

开孔型聚合物发泡材料的研究及应用进展EI北大核心CSCD

聚合物泡沫塑料以其优异的性能成为人们生活中必不可少的物品。开孔型聚合物发泡材料因独特的三维骨架形态被广泛应用于吸音材料、生物医药材料、光学材料和导电材料等领域。特别是聚合物纳米复合材料,为现代医学生产抗菌治疗、组织工程、癌症治疗、医学成像、牙科应用、药物传递等产品提供了新的机遇。本文综述了开孔发泡材料的制备方法、发泡机理及其应用领域,以及最近几年开孔发泡材料新的发展。最后,对材料制备和应用过程中存在的主要问题进行总结并对未来采用聚合物共混、形成微纳米复合材料、涂覆高阻隔材料和聚合物改性等手段制备高性能开孔聚合物发泡材料的发展趋势进行展望。     

Compressive properties of closed-cell aluminum foams with different contents of ceramic microspheres

In this paper, closed-cell aluminum foams with different kinds and contents of ceramic microspheres are obtained using melt-foaming method. The distribution and the effects of the ceramic microspheres on the mechanical properties of aluminum foams are investigated. The results show that both kinds of ceramic microspheres distribute in the foams uniformly with part in the cell wall matrix, some in adhere to the cell wall surface and part embed in the cell wall with portion surface exposed to the pores. Ceramic microspheres have an important effect on the yield strength, mean plateau stress, densification strain and energy absorption capacities of aluminum foams. Meanwhile, the content of ceramic microsphere in aluminum foams should be controlled in order to obtain good combination of compressive strength and energy absorption capacity. The reasons are discussed.     

纳米材料(NSM)的制作方法及其应用

介绍了ＮＳＭ的主要制作方法，包括气相凝固法、机械合金化法和喷雾转化法等。并概述了ＮＳＭ在工业和尖端科学技术领域里的应用状况和前景。     

镁的添加对制备泡沫铝夹芯板泡孔稳定性的影响

通过粉末-铝板复合轧制方法制备出一种界面为冶金结合的泡沫铝夹芯板.分别采用对发泡剂的处理和添加Mg元素的方法来提高芯材泡沫的稳定性.研究发现只有同时对发泡剂处理以及添加Mg元素才能够提高泡沫的稳定性.研究了此种方法中重要的泡沫稳定机制,Mg元素的添加改善了铝硅合金粉末原料生产过程中产生的氧化物颗粒在孔壁上的润湿性,使氧化物颗粒嵌入孔壁中,阻碍了孔壁上金属排液现象的产生,有效的起到稳定泡孔的作用.     

支柱弯曲对开孔泡沫铝力学性能影响的理论分析与数值模拟

首先根据实际泡沫材料中存在不少弯曲支柱,且形状接近于弧线,在假设全部支柱为弯曲支柱的情况下,利用理论方法分析了支柱弯曲对开孔泡沫材料刚度和强度性能的影响规律,得到了理论预测含弯曲支柱开孔泡沫材料杨氏模量和屈服强度的公式。然后,通过有限元模拟方法验证了上述理论预测模型的有效性。最后,利用有限元模型研究了不同比例的弯曲支柱、不同弧度的弯曲支柱和不同各向异性比对泡沫铝压缩力学行为的影响。结果表明,弯曲支柱对弹性模量的影响比对塑性坍塌强度的影响大;而弯曲支柱对泡沫铝压缩力学行为的影响则与支柱的弧度、支柱含量和胞体结构的各向异性比有关。     

液态扩散焊制备泡沫铝夹芯板及其疲劳行为

采用超声辅助液态扩散焊接的方法制备冶金复合泡沫铝夹芯板,利用光学显微镜（OM）和SEM观察冶金复合样品的界面组织和结构,发现连接界面发生了侵蚀作用,接头均匀连续;EDS线扫结果表明,连接界面处焊接合金（Zn-10Al）和铝基体间的元素扩散现象明显,表明在超声作用下,基体材料表面氧化膜被破坏,枝晶在界面附着生长,形成良好的冶金连接。将制备的冶金复合样品和胶黏泡沫铝夹芯板样品进行三点弯曲疲劳对比试验,结果显示,冶金复合样品和胶黏样品的疲劳极限分别达到3 058 N和2 829 N。在相同载荷下,冶金复合样品的疲劳寿命（S-N）远远长于胶黏样品。两种样品的疲劳破坏方式完全不同,胶黏样品表现为面板和芯层黏接面的脱黏剪切破坏,冶金复合样品的疲劳剪切破坏出现在泡沫铝芯层,没有出现面板脱离现象。     

相对密度对泡沫铝力学性能和能量吸收性能的影响

对不同相对密度的两种胞孔结构--开孔和闭孔泡沫铝进行了单轴压缩试验,研究了相对密度对泡沫铝力学性能和能量吸收性能的影响.结果表明:随着相对密度的增大,泡沫铝的屈服强度与流动应力也相应增加,通过对本实验结果进行拟合,得出泡沫铝的屈服强度与相对密度的关系式.泡沫铝材料吸收的能量随着应变量的增大而增加,在相同应变量下,高密度开孔泡沫铝的吸收能比低密度闭孔材料多.吸能效率反映材料本身的一种属性,高的理想吸能效率表明泡沫铝是一种优良的吸能材料.     

Fabrication of Open-cell Al Foam Core Sandwich by Vibration Aided Liquid Phase Bonding Method and Its Mechanical Properties

The open-cell Al foam core sandwiches(AFCSs) were successfully fabricated by using a specially designed Zn-Al-Cu based filler alloy via vibration aided liquid phase bonding method.The effects of the vibration on the bonding seam were investigated and the bonding strength between Al foam core and solid Al alloy face sheet was tested by shearing tests.The results show that vibration can significantly improve the quality of the bonding and the shearing strength of the bonding seam,which implies that this joini...     

Metallic foams: their production,properties and applications

Techniques for the preparation of metallic foams, including casting, powder metallurgy and metallic deposition, have been reviewed. Properties of metallic foams such as mechanical properties, energy absorbing characteristics, permeability, acoustical properties and conductivities are described. Finally, examples of the use of metallic foams in practice have been given to indicate the wide range of circumstances in which metallic foams are able to be utilized.     

Manufacturing of open-cell Mg foams by replication process and mechanical properties

Open-cell pure Mg foams were produced by replication casting process. The preform used was manufactured with spherical particles of NaCl with sizes ranging from (A) 1 mm to (D) 2 mm. It was found that increasing the pore size, the relative density decreased, while the porosity increased, registering a minimum relative density of 0.22 and a maximum percentage porosity of 78% for sample (D) 2 mm. The mechanical properties and energy absorption characteristics were investigated by means of compression test. Under the present experiment conditions, the sample (A) 1 mm with the smaller pore size and the lower percent porosity 67%, showed the highest mechanical properties; Young’s modulus, yield stress, and the high energy absorption capacity. The mechanical properties obtained and the large plateau region could be favorable for scaffold and energy absorbing applications.     

球磨对碳纳米管增强泡沫铝基复合材料压缩与吸能性能的影响

因碳纳米管（CNTs）具有优异的性能,被认为是金属基复合材料理想的增强体,因此如何制备得到CNTs增强体均匀分散的金属基复合材料一直是本领域的研究热点。本文通过原位化学气相沉积（CVD）、短时球磨和填加造孔剂的工艺成功制备了CNTs增强的泡沫铝基复合材料,着重研究了球磨过程对复合泡沫铝的微观形貌、压缩性能和吸能性能的影响规律。结果表明,随着球磨时间的延长,CNTs的分散性提高并逐步嵌入铝基体中,使复合泡沫铝的组织均匀性得到改善。相对于未球磨的含CNTs 3.0wt%的复合泡沫材料,当球磨时间增加至90 min时,复合泡沫铝的孔壁硬度、屈服强度和吸能能力分别提高了67%、126%和343%。     

泡沫铝制备过程中泡沫体形成机制研究

采用粉末冶金法制备泡沫铝材料,对发泡过程中泡沫体膨胀的演变过程及动力学机制进行了研究．通过对发泡过程的动态观测,获得了泡沫体体积膨胀与发泡时间的关系曲线．结果表明：泡沫体体积膨胀经历3个阶段：发泡初期的泡沫铝体积缓慢增大到迅速膨胀达到最大膨胀点,随后开始塌缩,体积保持在一定数值．对发泡过程动力学机制的分析表明,泡沫体膨胀过程与发泡剂分解产生的气体量和从熔体中排出气体的量有直接关系,由此推导出泡沫体体积-时间的动力学方程,该方程与实验获得的体积变化曲线相吻合,为发泡过程的控制提供理论依据．     

中间相沥青基炭泡沫体的制备、结构及性能

以合成中间相萘沥青为原料，采用加压发泡法制备孔径均匀的初生炭泡沫体，经700℃～1000℃和2300℃～2800℃热处理制备出炭化和石墨化炭泡沫体；以700℃炭化处理所得的炭泡沫体作为芯材制成夹芯复合材料。研究了原料性能、发泡以及热处理工艺参数对炭泡沫微观结构和力学性能的影响，考察了炭泡沫体夹芯复合材料的微波吸收性能。结果表明：发泡过程中保持均匀的温度场是制备孔径均匀的炭泡沫体的关键因素，压力是影响孔结构的主要因素。炭泡沫体的微晶结构、力学性能以及微波吸收性能沿xy和XZ面方向（分别表示垂直和平行于重力方向）具有各向异性。     

短纤维对泡沫铝压缩力学性能与吸能特性的影响研究

为探索闭孔泡沫铝加入短纤维后的力学性能和吸能特性变化规律.利用熔体发泡法在铝熔体中加入短碳纤维后制作得到纤维增强泡沫铝,通过万能材料试验机和高速液压伺服材料试验机在常温下分别对泡沫铝、纤维增强泡沫铝进行准静态和中应变率下(0.001～100s-1)的动态力学性能测试,分析了纤维长度、纤维含量对泡沫铝力学性能和吸能特性变...     

Si元素对碳纳米管增强铝基复合泡沫组织与性能的影响

针对金属基复合材料,添加合金元素是提升其综合性能的有效途径.本文通过高能球磨和填加造孔剂法,制备了添加Si元素的碳纳米管(CNTs)增强铝基(CNTs/Al-Si)复合泡沫,通过准静态压缩实验测试其压缩性能和吸能性能,进一步研究烧结温度和不同Si元素含量对CNTs/Al-Si复合泡沫微观组织、压缩性能和吸能性能的影响,...     

防锈闭孔泡沫Al-Mg-Re基合金的制备与性能

在熔体发泡法制备工艺基础上,引入合金化阻燃技术,制备了Al-Mg-Re基防锈闭孔泡沫铝合金.实验结果表明,熔体发泡前同时加入Mg、Ca和稀土制备的防锈闭孔泡沫Al-Mg-Re基合金孔结构均匀,由于Mg和稀土元素的双重作用,Al-Mg-Re基防锈闭孔泡沫铝合金具有优异的耐腐蚀性能.     

Elastic and electric properties of closed-cell aluminum foams: Cross-property connection

Foamed aluminum (AlMg1Si0.6) in the porosity range 0.45–0.85 produced by the powder metallurgy method is analyzed with regard to its elastic and electric properties. Various predictive models for the electrical conductivity and Young's modulus of closed-cell metal foam are assessed based on the experimental measurements. It is shown that the differential scheme provides the best predictions of the electrical conductivity in the porosity range 0.7–0.85, while Mori–Tanaka's scheme gives the best results for the Young's modulus. Comparing the two sets of the experimental data, cross-property coefficient that connects changes in the Young's modulus and electrical conductivity of a material due to pores was determined. A non-trivial finding is that the best prediction of the cross-property coefficient is obtained in the framework of non-interaction approximation.