TiO_2/ACF光催化降解甲基橙废水性能研究

以活性炭纤维(ACF)为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备活性炭纤维负载二氧化钛复合材料(TiO_2/ACF)。以甲基橙为模型化合物,研究TiO_2/ACF对染料废水的光催化降解活性,考察光照时间、溶液初始浓度、pH值、光强、重复使用次数等因素对甲基橙溶液去除率的影响。结果表明,TiO_2/ACF对甲基橙废水具有较好的光催化降解活性和重复利用性,ACF吸附和TiO_2光催化产生了协同作用。     

纳米CdS/壳聚糖复合粒子的制备及光催化性能研究

用原位生成法成功制备了纳米Cd S/壳聚糖复合粒子,并用于染料废水中甲基橙的可见光催化降解,研究了相关因素对甲基橙光降解率的影响。结果表明,该光催化降解反应为一级反应;酸性媒介更有利于甲基橙光催化降解;适量的复合粒子在第6次重复使用时,反应60 min甲基橙的降解率仍可达81.51%,显示出好的抗光腐蚀能力和重复使用寿命。     

超声波降解水中甲基橙的实验研究

为开发利用超声降解染料废水技术,建立了以甲基橙为模型化合物的超声降解模拟实验。考察了pH值、甲基橙初始浓度、氧化剂过氧化氢的投加浓度以及超声设备声能密度等实验条件对超声氧化降解甲基橙效果的影响。当甲基橙溶液初始浓度为2 mg.L-1、pH值为2时,按0.01 mL/100 mL浓度投加过氧化氢,在300 W声能密度条件下仅需20 min,甲基橙的降解率可达到91.79%。实验结果表明,超声降解染料废水技术操作简单、高效快速,具有广阔的应用前景。     

静电自组装制备硅藻土负载纳米TiO_2光催化材料

以TiCl4为钛源,采用静电自组装(ESA)方法制备了硅藻土负载纳米TiO2光催化剂.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光致发光(PL)等对材料进行分析和表征;以甲基橙染料评价材料光催化性能.重点考察焙烧温度和偶联剂用量对材料结构和性能的影响.结果表明:纳米TiO2颗粒以团聚状态均匀地沉积在硅藻土微孔的内部及孔口的四周.随着焙烧温度的上升,TiO2晶体结晶趋于完整,晶粒不断长大.硅藻土可提高TiO2的热稳定性,抑制锐钛矿向金红石转变,700℃焙烧样品中TiO2仍为锐钛矿结构.TiO2与硅藻土之间形成Ti—O—Si键而发生键合.制备的光催化剂对甲基橙染料具有吸附与光催化的协同作用.采用静电自组装方法制备的硅藻土负载TiO2光催化剂对甲基橙染料的降解效果优于传统方法.     

TiO_2作为光催化剂的制备与表征研究

研究具有可见光催化活性的TiO2光催化剂的制备及表征,以探索具有可降解甲基橙的光催化剂为研究目标,利用溶胶-凝胶法合成了不同晶型的TiO2粉末,利用X-Ray衍射(XRD)实验确定其晶体结构,利用其对甲基橙的催化降解能力分析其光催化降解污染物性能。     

疏水性空心SiO2/TiO2光催化剂的制备及性能研究

选取TiO_2为原料,经过空心化、SiO_2包覆、疏水性改性,制备了疏水性空心SiO_2/TiO_2光催化剂,并利用TEM和FTIR对其进行表征,对比研究了改性前后的催化剂。TEM图像显示制备的催化剂具有核-壳空心结构,且其表面均匀包覆一层物质;FTIR图谱分析可知,其表面包覆层是SiO_2,且硅烷偶联剂KH-570与其成功产生化学键合;吸附实验时改性光催化剂漂浮在废水表面,提高了光照效率。以甲基橙模拟染料废水的降解率考察改性光催化剂的活性,初始甲基橙浓度为10mg/L、pH值为4时,对甲基橙的脱色率最佳,并且Langmuir和Freundlich等温模型均能较好地描述吸附过程。经动力学的一次拟合,说明该吸附是一个以化学吸附为主导作用的多因素控制过程。     

Er3+掺杂TiO2空心球的制备及其光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯、氧化铒、硝酸等为原料, 采用碳球模板法制备了TiO₂: Er³⁺空心球材料, 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等测试方法, 对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征。并利用紫外-可见(UV-Vis)分光光度计考察了TiO₂: Er³⁺空心球材料在催化染料罗丹明B、亚甲基蓝、茜素红、甲基橙的脱色降解过程中的应用性能。系统研究了Er³⁺掺杂浓度、不同离子型染料和染料水溶液的pH等因素对催化降解效率的影响。实验结果表明: 经600℃煅烧3 h制备的TiO₂: Er³⁺为锐钛矿晶型, 空心球结构, 尺寸均匀, 粒径约为120 nm, 比表面积约为60.5 m²/g; Er³⁺掺杂量为0.5mol%的样品对甲基橙染料的催化降解效率最高; 对四种不同离子型染料, 茜素红的催化降解效果显著, 在紫外光照射下, 催化效率较未掺杂Er³⁺的TiO₂提高了约30%。     

掺Fe3+A-TiO2的水热法制备及其光催化性能研究

采用水热法以硫酸钛为原料制备了掺Fe3+ TiO2粉末,并通过SEM、TEM和XRD测定了样品的形貌和晶型,研究了自制掺Fe3+TiO2对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解作用.结果表明,所制备的TiO2为锐钛矿型(即A-TiO2).254nm紫外光照射下,用自制掺Fe3+A-TiO2降解甲基橙溶液的最佳条件是:在12mg/L甲基橙溶液中加入0.050g掺5%Fe3十(摩尔分数)的A-TiO2粉末,28℃恒温反应4h,降解率达到62.52%.同样条件下不加A-TiO2时甲基橙自身光解率为16.73%,加入纯A-TiO2时甲基橙降解率为51.75%,而加入掺杂10%Fe3+的A-TiO2其降解率为59.01%.     

TiO2纳米带制备、表征及光催化性能

采用简单的水热反应以及后续的热处理,制备了大量的TiO2纳米带。通过XRD、SEM、TEM以及UV-Vis对产物进行表征和分析,并以甲基橙作为目标降解物,对退火后的产物进行了光催化性能测试。结果表明,所制备的样品在600℃热处理3h后,样品为锐钛矿相与TiO2(B)相的混晶相。退火以后,带的形态保持较好,带宽约60nm。室温下,所制备的混晶TiO2对甲基橙具有良好的紫外光降解能力,60min后降解度达96%。     

低温水解法优化制备光催化剂TiO_2

采用低温水解法制备纳米TiO2材料,并用所制备的材料光催化降解甲基橙溶液,以甲基橙的降解率作为评价指标,考察了水浴温度、水钛摩尔比和pH对TiO2光催化性能的影响,通过正交试验优化了制备条件。运用X-射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)对制备的样品进行了表征。结果表明:pH对TiO2光催化性能的影响最大,水钛摩尔比次之,水浴温度影响最小;而且pH=2,r(H2O/TTIP)=80,T=60℃时,样品的光催化活性最高,8mg/L的甲基橙在紫外光下降解率达85%以上,在模拟自然光下降解率可达60%以上。     

铁/镱掺杂二氧化钛空心球的制备及其光催化性能

用模板法制备铁/镱共掺杂二氧化钛空心球(Fe/Yb-TiO2HS),使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察和X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、热失重(TG)等测试方法对对其进行了表征.使用浓度为20 mg/L的甲基橙溶液模拟废水,研究了铁/镱共掺杂二氧化钛空心球的催化性能.结果 ...     

Two-step template-free route for synthesis of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> hollow spheres

The TiO₂ hollow microspheres were prepared by microwave-assisted solvothermal treatment without template. The morphology and the phase of TiO₂ hollow microspheres were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and BET surface areas. The results show that the particles have hollow structures and the shell was covered by nanocrystals and have higher specific surface area. The possible formation mechanism of hollow TiO₂ spherical structures has simply been proposed. The activity was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO). The results show that the particles having specific surface area show higher photocatalytic activity. It can be attribute to the doped F atoms and the creation of oxygen vacancies.     

酞菁钴/MCM-41的制备及其可见光催化性能

以MCM-41分子筛为载体,采用浸渍法将酞菁钴负载到分子筛上以氙灯为光源降解甲基橙溶液。对负载型酞菁钴催化剂进行FT-IR、XRD、SEM表征,结果表明所制催化剂负载效果良好,且分子筛结构未发生改变。以甲基橙溶液为模拟处理对象,研究催化剂的催化性能,考察了光照、酞菁钴负载、催化剂用量等因素对催化效果的影响。结果表明,氧气充足时,在光照条件下、0.04g负载型酞菁钴催化剂处理200mL的0.05g/L甲基橙溶液能够有很好的处理效果,2h降解率能够达到98.3%,且重复利用4次后降解率仍能达到90%。     

Room-temperature synthesis of high-density CuS nanowire arrays by a simple paired cell

High-density CuS nanoparticle nanowire (NPNW) arrays were successfully synthesized at room temperature by a simple paired cell method. The as-prepared nanowire arrays were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicate that the nanowire diameter is dependent on the pore size of the used ordered porous anodic alumina (OPAA) template and larger than the corresponding pore diameter of the template due to the corrosion effect of Na2S solution on the template. The nanowire is composed of CuS nanoparticles with hexagonal structure. When the reaction time is long enough, the nanowire is solid and composed of nearly spherical CuS nanoparticles. When the reaction time is short, only middle part of the nanowire is solid and composed of nearly spherical CuS nanoparticles, however, the tops are hollow and mainly composed of flake-like nanoparticles. The formation mechanism of CuS nanoparticle nanowires was proposed to be a heterogeneous nucleation, coalescence, aggregation and filling process.     

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) quantum dots as supramolecular cages modified with biochar as nanobio photocatalyst for degradation of organic dyes

In this study, we used co-precipitation assisted solvothermal route to produce self-assembled covalent organic frameworks (COFs) quantum dots modified with biochar structures. In addition, photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes such as methyl red, methyl orange and methyl blue were measured without the need to artificial UV visible light in vitro condition, and degradation rate was estimated at alternate times. The biochar as precursor agent with hydrothermal method as an eco-friendly synthesis route used to provides COFs quantum dot nanostructures with appropriate diameter and size about 3.68 nm. This research presents a new and novel nanocomposite structures with the contribution of biochar as biological material for decolorization of methylene red, orange and blue were calculated using UV–vis spectroscopy. Novel covalent organic frameworks quantum dot membranes with high purity were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transition electron microscopy (TEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transformed infrared spectrum (FT-IR), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis. Results clearly indicate which self-assembled COFs quantum dots as supramolecular cages modified with biochar synthesized with the cost-effective method act as a high performance photocatalyst for degradation of methylene red, orange and blue organic dyes.

     

石墨/TiO2复合光催化剂的制备和性能

以石墨和纯的TiO₂为原料,采用球磨工艺制备了石墨/TiO₂复合光催化剂。使用XRD、SEM、TEM、XPS和DRS等手段对其性能进行了表征。以甲基橙为模拟污染物,研究了石墨掺入量、球磨时间对复合光催化剂光催化活性的影响。结果表明,石墨/TiO₂复合光催化剂具有锐钛矿结构,球磨后TiO₂(101)面的衍射峰宽化并右移,TiO₂成为200 nm左右的不规则球状颗粒,在其表面均匀分布着石墨。TiO₂晶粒的Ti-O键的结合能变高,且表面有缺陷产生,使其在可见光区具有显著的吸收。石墨掺入量为5%、球磨时间为12 h的石墨/TiO₂样品对甲基橙具有优异的光催化降解效果,在70 min的降解时间内甲基橙的降解去除率可达95.08%。石墨/TiO₂复合光催化剂的光催化反应速率常数k为0.043035 min^-1,是纯TiO₂的2.64倍。     

Photocatalytic properties of silver nanoparticles decorated nanobranched TiO2 nanofibers

In this study, nanobranched TiO2 nanofibers and silver loaded nanobranched TiO2 nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning technique followed by TiCl4 aqueous solution treatment and silver photodeposition method. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to investigate the morphology of the products. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were conducted on the samples to study their chemical composition as well as crystallographic structure. The photocatalytic activities of these produced nanofibers were examined with two organic dyes, methylene blue and methyl orange, under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation. The effect of nanobranches and silver modification on TiO2 nanofibers was revealed in the photocatalysis process. The photocatalytic degradation rates of silver loaded on nanobranched TiO2 nanofibers were 1.6 and 1.7 times as that of pure TiO2 nanofibers in the presence of methylene blue and methyl orange, respectively, which indicated silver nanoparticles combined nanobranches modified on the surface of TiO2 nanofibers could enhance the photocatalytic ability.     

Ultrafast degradation of common organic dyes in presence of gadolinium oxide/graphene oxide in water

Gadolinium oxide/graphene oxide (Gd₂O₃/GO) nanocomposite has been prepared by a simple method in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and employed as an excellent catalyst for common organic dyes degradation under ultrasound. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) data revealed that the Gd₂O₃ nanoparticles were successfully attached on the surface of GO sheets. The High efficiencies of common dyes (methylene blue, methyl orange, methyl violet rhodamine B, fuchsin base, thymolphthalein, crystal violet and eosin) degradation within 15?min illustrated that the as-synthesized nanocomposite was an ultrafast, stable, recyclable, and economical material for environment related applications.     

Photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutants under solar,visible and UV lights using green synthesised CuS nanoparticles

A green method for the solvothermal synthesis of copper sulphide nanoparticles (CuS NPs) using xanthan gum as a capping agent was developed. The CuS NPs were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emment–Teller, zeta analysis, thermal gravimetric– differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared and UV–visible absorption spectra. These characterisations together determine the composition, structural, thermal and optical properties. The UV–visible spectrum had a broad absorption in the visible range. The particle size of the products was observed by TEM in the range of 8–20 nm. The photocatalytic performance of the CuS NPs was evaluated for the degradation of organic dyes (methylene blue, rhodamine B, eosin Y and congo red) under irradiation of solar, visible and UV lights. The CuS NPs showed good photocatalytic activity. Kinetic analyses indicate that the photodegradation rates of dyes usually follow pseudo-first-order kinetics for degradation mechanisms.