Ti17合金电子束焊接接头的性能及组织分析

分析了Ti17合金真空电子柬焊接接头的显微组织结构及其显微硬度分布规律，并结合室温和高温拉伸试验结果分析了焊接接头的力学性能。结果表明，用电子束焊接方法焊接的Ti17合金其焊缝区和热影响区显微组织为β相基体上分布着细长针状α相，母材为典型的α＋β双相网篮组织，焊后焊缝晶粒细化，焊接接头的焊缝区硬度最高，焊缝的抗拉强度和缺口敏感性均高于母材。     

TC4钛合金热丝钨极氩弧焊接头组织性能研究

对TC4钛合金热丝钨极氩弧焊(hot-wire-TIG)焊接接头组织与性能进行研究,采用金相显微镜观察焊接接头各区域的微观组织特点,并对接头显微硬度和力学性能进行了测定。结果表明,钛合金热丝TIG焊接接头内部无焊接缺陷,焊缝性能优良;焊缝为典型的铸造组织,由粗大的柱状晶和少量等轴晶组成,晶粒内部可以看到细长的针状α′相;热影响区形成粗大的等轴晶粒,其组织主要有细针状α相和残余β相构成;焊接接头的抗拉强度均值为924 MPa,与母材相当;热丝TIG焊缝冲击功较母材提升明显,基本达到母材的1.5倍以上,最大达到66 J;焊缝冷弯角度达到指标要求。     

12 mm厚TC4钛合金激光-MIG复合焊接头组织与性能研究

目的 探究TC4激光-MIG复合焊接头显微组织与基本力学性能之间的联系,分析接头不同区域的断裂行为。方法 利用激光-MIG复合焊制备TC4钛合金对接接头,采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察接头焊缝区、热影响区及母材的显微组织,在室温下进行了显微硬度测试、拉伸性能测试与断裂韧性测试,并对试样断口进行了观察分析。结果 接头的焊缝区组织为粗大的β相柱状晶,晶内纵横分布着αʹ针状马氏体和针状α相,靠近焊缝一侧的热影响区则由针状αʹ相、α集束与少量细小的块状α相构成。随着远离焊缝中心,母材侧热影响区组织转变为块状的α相、少量α集束及初生β相,并最终趋于与母材组织相似。热影响区的显微硬度值达到最大,这是因为该区域存在比焊缝区更为细小的针状αʹ相。接头的平均抗拉强度和断后伸长率分别为1 020.22 MPa和7.38%。接头在拉伸时主要在焊缝区发生断裂。焊缝区展现出比母材区和热影响区更优异的断裂韧性,平均值为87.14 MPa.m^1/2,焊缝区内纵横交错的网篮组织与集束是其断裂韧性较高的主要原因。结论 在TC4钛合金的激光-MIG复合焊过程中,针状α相和αʹ马氏体的存在会提高焊缝的显微硬度和断裂韧性,但相较于母材塑性没有提升,通过调控焊缝区显微组织结构,可以获得所需性能的接头。     

TC4钛合金等离子弧焊接头组织性能

利用体式显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射等分析方法,研究了等离子弧焊(PAW)参数对3mm厚TC4钛合金焊接接头组织性能的影响规律,并得出了较优焊接参数范围。结果表明:焊缝中心显微组织呈"网蓝状"分布的α′;临近焊缝处热影响区由原始α相与针状α′相构成;临近母材处热影响区由原始α相、原始β相与针状α′相构成。当焊接工艺参数为:焊接电流160A、离子气流量3L/min、焊接速度范围为14~16mm/s时,焊接接头抗拉强度约为1100 MPa;与母材相比,焊缝显微硬度提高近20%。     

钛-铝异种合金电子束焊接接头组织与性能研究

采用电子束焊接方法对厚度为2.5 mm的Ti6321钛合金板材和5083铝合金板材进行了对接焊接试验,并进行了力学性能、显微组织测试。结果表明,焊缝的钛侧及其热影响区组织主要是α'相和原始α相混合形成的马氏体组织,铝侧主要为粗大柱状晶组织,钛铝焊缝交界处析出少量Ti Al金属间化合物;焊接接头的拉伸强度约为219 MPa,接头断裂位置主要在铝侧焊缝位置,部分在钛铝两侧焊缝交界处的Ti-Al金属间化合物上。     

Ti60/TC17电子束焊接接头的组织及显微硬度

对Ti60/TC17异种材料进行电子束焊接,研究接头成型特点、焊缝组织、热影响区组织及显微硬度。结果表明:Ti60/TC17电子束焊接接头的焊缝组织为对称生长的枝晶状组织;Ti60侧热影响区与焊缝有明显分界,组织为针状α相;TC17侧热影响区为细小的粒状α相。焊缝的显微硬度低于母材的显微硬度。     

超窄间隙激光焊接TC4钛合金接头组织及性能研究

以TA2为焊丝,采用超窄间隙激光焊接方法焊接了10 mm的TC4钛合金板,间隙为2 mm。利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和拉伸试验机分析了TC4钛合金接头的组织与性能。结果表明,选取合适的工艺可以实现TC4钛合金超窄间隙激光填丝焊接,获得无缺陷的焊接接头。接头由母材、热影响区、熔合区、焊缝组成,界线清晰。其中热影响区为网篮状组织,焊缝由大β晶粒组成,大晶粒内部为杂乱的α+α′相针状组织,热影响区晶粒明显细化。由于超窄间隙的啮合效应,接头最大抗拉强度为893 MPa,达到母材的84.7%,断裂位置在焊缝中心。焊缝区和热影响区的显微硬度高于母材,且在热影响区的显微硬度最大,接头整体显微硬度呈马鞍状分布。     

深潜器用Ti80厚板电子束焊接接头组织性能研究

采用电子束焊接方法焊接深潜器用56 mm厚Ti80合金,并对焊接接头的组织结构和力学性能进行研究。结果表明,焊接接头成形良好,无缺陷;焊缝组织为马氏体α相和残余β相组成的网篮组织;熔合区界线明显,过热区十分窄;热影响区组织由初生α相、马氏体α相和β相组成;焊接接头各区域显微硬度值分布不均匀,由焊缝至母材显微硬度值逐渐下降;拉伸断裂发生在远离焊缝的母材处,接头抗拉强度为935.3 MPa,大于原始母材的911.8 MPa;焊缝冲击吸收功为36.3 J,由焊缝至母材冲击吸收功值逐渐增大,接头各区域冲击断裂方式均为韧性断裂。     

新型Ti-650合金电子束焊接头组织及性能研究

采用电子束对新型耐650 ℃使用的高温钛合金板材进行焊接,并进行1 000 ℃/1 h/AC+700 ℃/4 h/AC的退火处理,研究了接头的组织、硬度分布,母材和接头的拉伸性能和持久性能.结果表明,接头组织由α相、少量β相、以及大量细小的再结晶α相构成.接头中母材、热影响区和焊缝的显微硬度值比较均匀,介于440~490HV之间.室温条件下,母材和接头的抗拉强度均高于1 000 MPa,延伸率均介于7%~10%;650 ℃拉伸,母材抗拉强度达到了750 MPa,延伸率最高达20%;接头的抗拉强度在700 MPa以下,延伸率在10%~14%之间.接头与母材的持久断裂均是由孔洞聚集形成微裂纹,在力的作用下不断扩展,直至最终断裂.而接头中柱状晶的晶界促进了裂纹的扩展,所以母材的持久寿命和应变优于接头.根据结果分别得出了650 ℃下接头和母材应力与寿命的关系式.     

焊后热处理对高氧TC4/TC17钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织及性能的影响

对高氧TC4/TC17钛合金线性摩擦焊接头进行热处理,研究了不同热处理温度对异质钛合金线性摩擦焊接头显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明:异质钛合金线性摩擦焊接头焊缝区在TC17侧形成亚稳定β相,在高氧TC4侧形成针状马氏体相.经过热处理后,板条状α相在晶界处析出,针状α相在晶粒内部析出,并且残余α相在保温过程中发生分解,随着热处理温度的升高,析出相逐渐长大.接头焊缝及热力影响区显微硬度在热处理后显著增加.裂纹尖端张开位移(Crack tip opening displacement,CTOD)试验结果表明:接头断裂韧性薄弱区域在焊缝区及TC17侧热力影响区,热处理温度的升高可以明显提高接头薄弱区域的断裂韧性.     

船用TA5钛合金激光焊接接头组织和性能研究

采用IPG光纤激光器对8 mm厚的TA5钛合金进行激光自熔焊接,并对焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能进行分析。结果表明,激光焊接接头表面成形连续、均匀、无飞溅,内部无气孔和裂纹等缺陷。母材组织为细小均匀的等轴α相;焊缝区组织主要由粗大的β柱状晶粒、大量的针状马氏体α'以及少量的板条马氏体组成;热影响区组织主要由等轴α相、少量的针状马氏体α'和少量的残余β组成;在熔合线的边界,柱状晶粒与等轴晶粒联生结晶、外延生长,保证了焊接接头的稳定连接。焊接接头各区域的显微硬度差异较大,最高硬度出现在熔合线附近,焊缝区和热影响区的显微硬度明显高于母材的。对拉伸断裂部位进行观察,拉伸断裂发生在远离焊缝的母材处,这说明激光焊接接头的抗拉强度与母材等强或者略高于母材的,这与大量针状马氏体形成的网篮组织有直接的关系。      

Effect of electron beam welding on the microstructures and mechanical properties of thick TC4-DT alloy

Electron beam welding (EBW) was applied to 50 mm thick damage-tolerant Ti–6Al–4V (TC4-DT) alloy, and microstructure, microhardness and tensile properties of the defect-free welded joints were examined. The results indicated that the microstructure of the base metal is composed of primary α phases and the lamellar (α + β) bimodal structure. For the EBW joint, martensite basketweave microstructure is formed in fusion zone (FZ). Moreover, the heat affected zone (HAZ) near FZ consists of acicular martensite and a small portion of primary α phase. The HAZ near base metal consists of primary α phase and transformed β containing aciculate α. It is found that the boundary of the two portions of the HAZ was dependent on the β phase transus temperature during weld cooling. Microhardness values for FZ and HAZ are higher than that of base metal, and there are the peak values for the HAZ near the weld metal. The fracture locations of all the EBW tensile specimens are in base metal, and the ultimate tensile strength of the joints may reach about 95% of the base metal. In addition, with the depth increasing along the weld thick direction, the grain size of the FZ decreases and microhardness increases.     

Q960E超高强钢焊接接头组织和性能研究

目的 对Q960E超高强钢的焊接工艺进行研究以获得高强高韧的焊接接头。方法 选择超高强钢Q960E作为母材、FK1000ER120S–G焊丝作为填充材料进行MAG焊,采用改变焊接电流的方式来研究焊接热输入对焊接接头组织和性能的影响。结果 当焊接电流为155～230 A时,均获得了全焊透无明显缺陷的焊缝。随着焊接热输入的增大,焊接接头中各亚区宽度增大,其中焊缝区变化最为显著,在最小热输入条件下焊缝宽度为3.98 mm,在最大热输入条件下焊缝宽度增至5.53 mm。对焊接接头进行组织分析发现,焊缝组织主要为针状铁素体和板条马氏体;完全相变区组织主要为板条马氏体;未完全相变区组织主要为回火马氏体和部分重结晶形成的马氏体。硬度测试表明,在热影响区的回火区发生了软化现象,最低硬度仅为290HV;在完全相变区发生了硬化现象,硬度最大值可达500HV。在不同热输入条件下,焊接接头各亚区硬度变化趋势一致,焊接接头抗拉强度为995～1 076 MPa,拉伸试验均断裂在热影响区,断后伸长率为9.33%～10.21%,断裂时存在颈缩现象,为韧性断裂。随着热输入的增加,粗晶区马氏体板条束宽度增大,未完全相变区...     

TA5钛合金激光填丝焊接工艺研究

采用激光填丝焊,实现了 4 mm厚TA5钛合金Ⅰ型坡口单道焊双面成型,研究了工艺参数对焊缝成型、气孔率和力学性能的影响,结果表明,焊缝成型美观,抗拉强度最高可达797.5 MPa,为母材的98.2％.激光功率增加,背面焊透量增加,焊缝气孔率先降低后增加,抗拉强度增加;离焦量由负离焦增加到正离焦时,焊缝的咬边缺陷消失,气...     

X90钢级管线钢预精焊接头的性能研究

为综合研究X90管线钢的焊接性,选用国内某钢厂轧制的X90管线钢卷板,利用预精焊工艺制备试验钢管4根,采用金相分析、扫描电镜(SEM)断口分析、夏比V型缺口冲击试验、拉伸、弯曲、硬度等试验,研究了焊接接头各个区域的组织和性能.试验结果表明:内外焊缝区组织均为针状铁素体,热影响区(HAZ)粗晶区晶粒粗化严重,主要组织为粒状贝氏体和贝氏体铁素体,在原奥氏体晶界和贝氏体板条内部存在块状或条状的(马氏体-奥氏体)M-A组元;HAZ冲击功离散性较大,出现了单值较低(45 J)的试样,SEM断口分析呈现典型的解理断裂特征;焊接接头抗拉强度805~815 MPa,断裂位置均在HAZ;焊接接头反弯试样易在HAZ出现裂纹和脆断现象;HAZ硬度在220~250 HV之间,较母材下降30 HV左右.HAZ是X90预精焊钢管焊接接头的薄弱环节,为提高X90管线钢的焊接稳定性,应重点研究精焊内外热循环双热影响亚区的组织转变和脆化机理.     

Mechanical properties characterisation of welded joint of austenitic stainless steel using instrumented indentation technique

The instrumented indentation test is a promising nondestructive technique for evaluating mechanical properties of metallic materials. In this study, the localised mechanical properties of welded joint of 304 austenitic stainless steel were characterised with the instrumented indentation test. The single V-groove welded joint was produced using the electric arc welding. A series of instrumented indentation tests were carried out at different regions, including base material, weld zone and heat-affected zone (HAZ). A soft zone regarding strength properties was found in the coarse-grain HAZ. The results show that the HAZ has the lowest yield strength and tensile strength (263.6 MPa, 652.5 MPa) compared with the base material (307.4 MPa, 807.9 MPa) and the weld zone (285.6 MPa, 702.1 MPa). In addition, characterisations of microstructure, microhardness and conventional tensile tests have been performed for comparison. The results reveal that the localised mechanical properties of welded joint of austenitic stainless steel can be represented effectively with the instrumented indentation technique.     

Narrow-gap tungsten inert gas welding of 78-mm-thick Ti–6Al–4V alloy

Narrow-gap tungsten inert gas welding with in situ protective system is applied to 78-mm-thick Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The martensite basketweave microstructure is formed in fusion zone (FZ), and heat-affected zone (HAZ) near FZ consists of acicular martensite and a small portion of primary alpha phase. The HAZ near base metal (BM) consists of primary alpha and transformed beta phase. Microhardness values of FZ and HAZ are relatively higher, and peak values appear at HAZ near FZ. The mechanical heterogeneity is dependent on variation of beta phase and martensite, which in turn depend on specific thermal cycle(s). The average tensile strength reaches 783.3?MPa and is 91.2% of BM, which appears in the middle of the weld with orthogonal martensites.     

590 MPa级高强钢双面双弧立焊焊缝组织性能

为研究590 MPa级高强钢双面双弧工艺得到的焊接接头组织与性能的关系,采用钨极氩弧焊(TIG)与熔化极气体保护焊(MAG)方法获得成型良好的焊接接头,经过拉伸、冲击、弯曲试验及光学显微镜、扫描电镜、EBSD分析,对590 MPa级高强钢双面双弧立焊打底焊与盖面焊焊接接头的组织及性能进行了研究.结果表明:打底焊缝组织主要为贝氏体,盖面焊缝组织以贝氏体与针状铁素体为主;打底焊缝经历过一次热循环后组织得到一定程度的细化;打底焊缝硬度值与盖面焊缝相近,盖面焊缝热影响区最高硬度值高于打底焊缝热影响区最高硬度;2 mm坡口间隙性能较5 mm坡口间隙有较大提高,2 mm坡口间隙断口以韧窝断裂为主,5 mm坡口间隙断口以解理断裂为主.     

Mechanical properties of electron beam welded dissimilar joints of TC17 and Ti60 alloys

Microstructure, hardness, tensile and high cycle fatigue (HCF) properties of the welded dissimilar joints of Ti60 and TC17 titanium alloys had been investigated in this study. A significant microstructural change was observed to occur after welding, with rod-like α and β phases in the fusion zone (FZ), equiaxed α phases, fine α laths and β phases in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of TC17 side and acicular martensite α' phases+“ghost” α phases in the HAZ of Ti60 side. The microhardness across the joints exhibited an inhomogeneous distribution with the highest hardness of ～404 HV in FZ and the lowest hardness of ～304 HV in base material (BM) of Ti60. All the joints tested in tension fractured at BM of Ti60 side. Fatigue limits of the joints at 10⁷ cycles were 425?MPa at room temperature and 380?MPa at 400?°C, respectively. Welding micropores were found to be the main source of fatigue crack initiation.     

Mechanical assessment of autogenous gas tungsten arc weldments of a super alpha-2 alloy

Butt welding of a 2-mm-thick super alpha-2 alloy (Ti-23Al-9Nb-2Mo-0.9Si) was carried out employing autogenous gas tungsten arc technique. Process parameters were adjusted to achieve full-penetration weld. Only β-Ti-based phase was detected in the fusion zone; however, minor quantities of a Ti₃Al-based structure were found at heat input higher than 518 J mm⁻¹. No cracking was observed within the fusion zone and its associated heat-affected zones. Subgrain boundaries and acicular transformation products were observed within the HAZ grains. The acicular transformation products are believed to be responsible for the higher microhardness value of the HAZ compared to those of the fusion zone and base material. It was found that the fusion zone and HAZ had lower strength and ductility than the base material. Fracture occurred within the HAZ, which is attributed to its higher microhardness value and acicular transformed microstructure. The maximum weld tensile strength achieved was about 90% of that of the base material.