Die Grundlagen der pneumatischen Förderung

Principles of pneumatic conveying . The design of pneumatic conveying systems is critically dependent upon a knowledge of the pressure drop and the minimum necessary velocity of the conveying gas. Starting from the areas of application of pneumatic conveying systems, the conveying states occurring are discussed and appropriately assigned to the diagram of state. The pressure loss equation is reported for conveying in form of a fully suspended flow and strand-type conveying and the theoretically predicted pressure losses are compared with experimental values for the conveying of coarse and finegrained materials. After mentioning the calculation of the pressure drops due to acceleration and to pipe bends, the article discusses the problem of pipe enlargement for long conveying distances. Equations are also given for the calculation of the so-called blocking limit and of the conveying gas velocity at which the minimum pressure drop occurs. The influence of the compressor on the choice of the operating point is also discussed. New calculation equations are then given for horizontal and vertical conveying in form of a fully suspended flow conveying and for horizontal strandtype conveying which permit reliable scale-up. Moreover, a new equation is reported for the blocking limit in horizontal conveying.     

Rotierende Verdrängerpumpen zur Förderung von Flüssigkeiten,breiigen und pastösen Massen

Rotating Positive Displacement Pump for Transport of Liquids, Slurries, and Pasty Masses As regards medium transport, pipe friction losses and the efficiency of the pump are the determinant factors for the motor power provided. The fundamental differences between a centrifugal pump and a positive displacement pump is made clear. Design and specific qualities of one-, two- and three spindle pumps, which are classified as rotary displacement pumps, are described. A novel classification of the fluids, related to one-, two- and three spindle pumps and a table of the application limits make it easy to select the most suitable pump.     

Über den Nachweis von Wärmeträgerölen in Fetten

Detection of Heat-Transfer Oils in Fats The use of heat-transfer oils in place of high pressure steam for heat transfer of fats from the discontinuous high temperature deodorization presumes analytical methods for the identification of traces of this oils in fats. In this paper two semi-quantitative rapid methods and one quantitative method applicable as an arbitrational analysis are described. A detection limit of ≤ 0.001% can be achieved.