复相钢CP800的烘烤硬化性能研究

目的研究某汽车用复相钢经过不同程度预应变再进行烘烤处理后力学性能的变化。方法通过Zwick/Z100TEW材料万能拉伸试验机,对实验用复相钢进行不同程度的预应变,之后在170℃下经20 min烘烤后再次加载至拉断,比较加工硬化值、烘烤硬化值、断后伸长率及强塑积的值,揭示复相钢的烘烤硬化规律。结果复相钢的加工硬化值与烘烤硬化值随着预应变量的增加而增大,在预应变为8%时达到应变范围内的最大值,分别为62.2 MPa与85.3 MPa;伸长率与强塑积则展现出先增加后减小的趋势,在预应变为2%时两者均达到预应变范围内的最大值,分别为19.9%与16.9 GPa·%。结论经过预应变和烘烤处理后,复相钢的各项性能均有改变,在预应变为2%时综合性能最佳,研究结果对复相钢在汽车中的应用提供了一定的借鉴。     

阳极氧化对镁合金力学性能的影响

设计了一种可用扫描电镜(SEM)动态观察、专门用于三点弯曲试验的特殊装置。采用该装置研究了AZ91D镁合金阳极氧化试样的力学性能、应力应变特性及其破坏形式。观察了氧化涂层及基体合金的变形行为。获得了计算AZ91D镁合金阳极氧化试样弯曲应力的简单有效方法。AZ91D镁合金阳极氧化试样的弯曲弹性模量基本取决于基体合金AZ91D的弹性性能E和μ。其拉伸强度比基体合金略微降低。阳极氧化试样的泊松比(μ)随弯曲应力而变化。当弯曲应力在40-90MPa范围时，μ为一常数(约0．4)。当弯曲应力接近阳极氧化试样的屈服应力时，可以在阳极氧化涂层和基体上观察到裂纹以及涂层剥落的发生。     

预时效对变形镁合金组织与力学性能的影响

与铸造镁合金相比,变形镁合金可获得更高的强度、更好的延展性以及更多样化的力学性能,从而满足多样化镁合金结构件的应用需求.但由于变形镁合金绝对强度低、塑性变形能力差,其应用范围受到了极大的限制.近期研究发现,对变形镁合金进行预时效处理能够显著提高合金的综合力学性能,因此总结和归纳预时效对变形镁合金的影响具有重要的理论参考价值和实践指导意义.预时效是在塑性加工前进行时效处理的一种时效方法,预时效处理可通过欠时效、峰值时效和过时效等工艺调控析出相的大小、形状、分布和位向,析出相在后续的加工变形过程中具有改善材料组织与性能的重要作用.预时效提供的析出相,在后续塑性加工变形过程中为动态再结晶提供形核核心,促进动态再结晶,细化晶粒,激活非基面滑移,弱化基面织构,且晶界析出相可显著抑制晶粒长大,有效阻碍位错运动,也可使位错累积增多,小角度晶界增多.此外,增加析出相含量能减小晶粒尺寸,抑制{1012}拉伸孪晶的形核和长大,增加{1011}压缩孪晶和{1011}-{1012}双孪晶含量,这些孪晶增加了动态再结晶的形核核心,改变了晶粒取向,进而大幅提高了合金的强度、屈服应力和峰值应力,同时也保证了合金的延展性,极大地改善了镁合金的综合力学性能.本文针对Mg-Al系、Mg-Zn系、Mg-Sn系和Mg-RE系等四系合金,总结分析了预时效对变形镁合金组织与性能的影响,着重从压缩、拉伸、挤压和轧制等变形工艺角度进行综述,为制备综合力学性能优良的镁合金提供参考.此外,本文指出了预时效变形镁合金在未来的发展动态和研究重点.     

刚玉莫来石复相陶瓷力学性能的影响因素分析

本文采用正交设计方法研究了硅微粉、氧化铝微粉及烧结温度对刚玉莫来石复相陶瓷常温强度和高温强度的影响机制.结果表明:氧化铝微粉对高温强度的影响较大,硅微粉次之,烧结温度最小.适当降低氧化铝微粉的含量,并提高硅微粉的含量和烧结温度,可以提高复相陶瓷的高温强度.通过调节硅微粉、氧化铝微粉及烧结温度可控制刚玉莫来石复相陶瓷的显微结构,改善刚玉莫来石复相陶瓷的高温强度.     

两相区热轧对20钢组织和力学性能的影响

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对20钢(α+γ)两相区内进行热压缩试验,获得不同变形条件下的真应力-真应变曲线。结果表明,当变形温度相同时,流变应力随着应变速率的增大而增大;当应变速率相同时,流变应力随着变形温度升高而减小,但在850℃时略有增大现象。采用光学显微镜(OM)和场发射扫描电镜(FG-SEM)技术分析了变形温度为750~850℃、应变速率为1s-1时的20钢微观组织变化,并得出结论:20钢在两相区轧制时,在750~820℃范围内,温度是影响力学性能的主要因素;在820~850℃范围内,(α+γ)相变是影响力学性能的主要因素。     

预奥氏体化对中Mn TRIP钢组织及力学性能的影响

为了提高钢的综合力学性能,用盐浴法对中Mn TRIP钢进行了热处理.采用SEM、TEM、XRD和拉伸测试研究了预奥氏体化处理对中Mn TRIP钢显微组织及力学性能的影响.实验结果表明:全马氏体冷轧态组织经两相区退火处理后,会析出大量渗碳体颗粒,随着退火时间延长,渗碳体颗粒逐渐溶解,马氏体组织逐渐转变为奥氏体和铁素体双相片层状组织;而在两相区退火处理前添加两相区预奥氏体化处理后,渗碳体析出被有效抑制,双相片层组织迅速形成;相比于常规两相区退火处理,预奥氏体化处理能够提高组织中残余奥氏体体积分数和综合力学性能.     

反应烧结TiB2—SiC复相陶瓷的物相反应,力学性能及残余应力

利用ＴｉＨ２，Ｓｉ和Ｂ４Ｃ之间的化学反应制备ＴｉＢ２－ＳｉＣ复相陶瓷，研究了反应时物相生成机理及添加Ｎｉ对材料力学性能的影响，采用ＳＥＭ观察复相陶瓷的显微结构及裂纹扩展过程，用ＸＲＤ法测定了复相陶瓷内的残余应力，探讨了复相陶瓷的增韧机理，同时，残余应力测试结果表明，精磨会给材料表面带来一定的机械加工应力，但随方向而异、并对残余应力的测定造成影响。     

弹塑性弯曲所致残余应力及其对板料拉伸屈服强度的影响

应用弹塑性工程理论,分析了板材弯曲后残余应力的成因及表达式.进一步分析了由于这种宏观残余应力的存在,使得其在拉伸载荷下提早屈服,使板材屈服强度降低的主要原因,是由于拉伸过程中截面上应变不同步、不协调所致.     

预变形对X90管线钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用拉伸试验、冲击试验、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度测试仪等研究了0.5%~6%预拉伸变形对X90管线钢显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着预拉伸变形量的增加,X90管线钢晶粒增大,位错塞积导致强度增加,均匀延伸率下降,呈现典型的加工硬化特点,抗拉强度的增幅要小于屈服强度,屈强比增大;随着变形量的增加冲击吸收功逐渐由291J减小至235J,冲击试样断口的韧窝减小,伴随第二相粒子析出;显微硬度中间层较边缘区增加少,预拉伸在6%时边缘显微硬度为325HV。X90管线钢的预拉伸在4%以内能保证管线钢的正常服役。     

800MPa级冷轧耐候双相钢连续冷却相变及组织性能研究

为了探索一种800 MPa级冷轧耐候双相钢的连续冷却转变规律及退火后组织性能变化,利用For-master-FⅡ全自动相变仪及连续退火模拟实验机,进行了连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线的测定及连续退火实验.结果表明:实验钢的过冷奥氏体在很低的冷却速度(0.5℃/s)下即可发生马氏体转变,而珠光体转变较少.当冷速为80℃/s时,仅发生马氏体转变;退火后实验钢显微组织中的马氏体呈带状分布,经最优工艺退火后实验钢的显微组织为多边形铁素体(79%)+块状马氏体(16%)+细小的残余奥氏体(5%),残余奥氏体主要分布于马氏体晶粒内部或铁素体的晶界处;实验钢屈服强度为387 MPa,抗拉强度为863 MPa,延伸率为18%,强塑积达到15534.     

Thermal and mechanical properties of high-strength structural steel HSA800 at elevated temperatures

The temperature dependent material properties of structural steel are important for fire resistant (FR) design and fire simulation of steel structures. In this study, the material tests were conducted for a high-strength steel developed in Korea, namely HSA800, to determine thermal and mechanical properties at elevated temperatures up to 1000 °C. Then test results were compared with current design models – ASCE, Eurocode 3 and AISC to verify which design models are fit well to the HSA800 at the elevated temperature. The thermal properties test results show that the specific heat and thermal strain at elevated temperatures agreed well with those predicted by current design models but thermal conductivity was slightly less than the design models. In the mechanical properties test results, the ASCE model was adequate for predicting yield strength of HSA800. Eurocode 3 and AISC models were unconservative for predicting yield strength but conservative for elastic moduli. The stress–strain relationships of HSA800 at elevated temperatures were developed using Ramberg–Osgood model and they agreed well with the test results up to 2% strain.     

Effect of rolling deformation and solution treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of a cast duplex stainless steel

The present study deals with the effect of rolling deformation and solution treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a cast duplex stainless steel. Cast steel reveals acicular/Widmanst?tten morphology as well as island of austenite within the $\boldsymbol\delta $ -ferrite matrix. Hot rolled samples exhibit the presence of lower volume percent of elongated band of $\boldsymbol\delta $ -ferrite ( $\boldsymbol\sim $ 40%) and austenite phase which convert into finer and fragmented microstructural constituents after 30% cold deformation. By the solution treatment, the elongated and broken crystalline grains recrystallize which leads to the formation of finer grains (<10? $\boldsymbol\mu $ m) of austenite. X-ray diffraction analysis has corroborated well with the above-mentioned microstructural investigation. Enhancement in hardness, yield strength and tensile strength values as well as drop in percent elongation with cold deformation increases its suitability for use in thinner sections. 30% cold rolled and solution treated sample reveals attractive combination of strength and ductility (25·22?GPa%). The examination of fracture surface also substantiates the tensile results. The sub-surface micrographs provide the potential sites for initiation of microvoids.     

Effect of water quench process on mechanical properties of cold rolled dual phase steel microalloyed with niobium

Effect of water quench process on tensile properties of microalloyed dual phase (DP) steel was investigated. The results showed that the tensile strength and yield strength decrease while total elongation increases with decreasing quenching temperature. Different quenching temperatures lead to not only different amounts of martensite, but also different volume fractions of new ferrite. Due to exemption of precipitation strengthening, new ferrite will contribute to not only the increase of ductility, but also the improvement of microalloyed DP steel strength.     

Effect of steel fibres on mechanical properties of high-strength concrete

Steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) became in the recent decades a very popular and attractive material in structural engineering because of its good mechanical performance. The most important advantages are hindrance of macrocracks’ development, delay in microcracks’ propagation to macroscopic level and the improved ductility after microcracks’ formation. SFRC is also tough and demonstrates high residual strengths after appearing of the first crack. This paper deals with a role of steel fibres having different configuration in combination with steel bar reinforcement. It reports on results of an experimental research program that was focused on the influence of steel fibre types and amounts on flexural tensile strength, fracture behaviour and workability of steel bar reinforced high-strength concrete beams. In the frame of the research different bar reinforcements (2∅6 mm and 2∅12 mm) and three types of fibres’ configurations (two straight with end hooks with different ultimate tensile strength and one corrugated) were used. Three different fibre contents were applied. Experiments show that for all selected fibre contents a more ductile behaviour and higher load levels in the post-cracking range were obtained. The study forms a basis for selection of suitable fibre types and contents for their most efficient combination with regular steel bar reinforcement.     

变形制度对低碳锰钢组织性能的影响

为了获得细晶铁素体/贝氏体的复相组织,通过控轧控冷工艺研究了低碳锰钢在奥氏体区变形时变形量、终轧温度和卷取温度对组织演变和力学性能的影响规律.研究表明,增加变形量(对应道次间隔时间缩短)可以细化铁素体晶粒,但当终轧温度降低到800℃时,变形量的增加以及开冷温度的降低不利于贝氏体组织的获得.通过调整变形量、终轧温度、可开冷温度并适当降低卷取温度,可使实验钢获得晶粒尺寸约为5μm的铁素体和10%~20%的贝氏体组织,低碳锰钢强塑性能良好.