负载二甲酸钾缓释抗菌微球的构建

为避免二甲酸钾(KDF)在酸性环境下分解过快,调节仔猪肠胃道酸碱性和菌落平衡,实现KDF靶向释放抗菌,本研究以可生物降解的壳聚糖(CS)、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)和无机刚性材料P型沸石分子筛(Zeolite P)为载体,负载抗菌药物二甲酸钾制备控释水凝胶微球。发现CS中–NH2与CMC中–COOH离子作用,可形成结构稳定的聚电解质复合物。溶胀率的差异性表明CS/CMC/ZeoliteP水凝胶微球对pH高度敏感。加入ZeoliteP使水凝胶微球在pH1.2保持原有形貌且不被降解破裂。CS/CMC/Zeolite P/KDF抗菌微球的包封率为47.75%,载药率为23.88%,可有效缓释KDF,在p H7.4磷酸盐缓冲溶液中的缓释性比p H1.2更优。CS/CMC/Zeolite P/KDF抗菌微球浓度为96 mg/mL时对大肠杆菌最大抑菌率为83%,有效提高了KDF利用率。     

羧甲基纤维素-石墨烯复合气凝胶的制备及吸附研究EI北大核心CSCD

在氧化石墨的基础上添加适量廉价的羧甲基纤维素,以一步水热反应成功制备羧甲基纤维素/石墨烯复合气凝胶(CMC/GA),并对CMC/GA进行官能团结构、微观形貌等表征分析。以水中亚甲基蓝(MB)为吸附对象,研究CMC/GA对水中MB的吸附能力和吸附机制。结果表明:温度越高,MB溶液的初始浓度越大,对吸附越有利;吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,吸附体系的活化能为57.951 kJ·mol-1,表明CMC/GA对MB的吸附为单分子层吸附且属于化学吸附。MB的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型;内扩散模型表明,CMC/GA对不同浓度MB的吸附过程均分为大孔扩散和微孔扩散两个阶段且大孔扩散速率明显大于微孔扩散。     

载当归羧甲基纤维素-海藻酸钠复合微球的制备和表征

采用W/O乳液法,在不同条件下,用Ca2+交联和戊二醛交联制备了羧甲基纤维素(CMC)-海藻酸钠(SA)复合微球。SEM结果显示,当m(CMC)∶m(SA)=1∶5、温度为60℃时,球形较好。采用FT-IR分析了复合微球的化学结构。对复合微球的溶胀率、药物包封率进行表征,结果显示复合微球在磷酸缓冲液中的溶胀率达到700%,且溶胀速度快。该复合微球对当归(ASD)具有较好的缓释作用。     

Fe_3O_4-羧甲基纤维素-聚乙烯亚胺微球的制备及对Cd~(2+)的吸附性能

利用静电自组装的方法,将羧甲基纤维素(CMC)组装到Fe3O4上得到Fe3O4-羧甲基纤维素(Fe3O4-CMC),再用戊二醛将聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)交联到Fe3O4-CMC上,制备出Fe3O4-羧甲基纤维素-聚乙烯亚胺(Fe3O4-CMC-PEI)微球。用透射电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱和震动样品磁强计对Fe3O4-CMC-PEI微球进行了表征,用原子吸收分光光度计测定了其对Cd2+离子的吸附性能。结果表明,CMC组装到Fe3O4表面,Fe3O4-CMC和PEI在戊二醛的作用下发生交联得到Fe3O4-CMC-PEI微球。Fe3O4-CMC-PEI微球的粒径为10~30nm,饱和磁化强度为55.20A·m2/kg。Fe3O4在微球中的结构没有发生改变,仍为纯单一相的反尖晶石型结构。Fe3O4-CMC-PEI微球对Cd2+离子表现出了良好的吸附性能,饱和吸附容量为69.44mg/g,吸附等温数据符合Langmuir模型,吸附动力学符合拟二级反应动力学模型。     

氧化还原/pH双响应性蔗渣纤维素基水凝胶的制备及药物缓释性能

为制备具有氧化还原和pH双响应性水凝胶,以甘蔗渣纤维素为原料,溶解在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺/氯化锂(DMAc/LiCl)溶剂体系中,然后在催化剂条件下,与乙酰乙酸叔丁酯(t-BAA)进行酯交换反应获得乙酰乙酸蔗渣纤维素(BCAA),然后与胱胺二盐酸盐(CYS)反应制得水凝胶.根据红外光谱和扫描电镜分析结果,表明已成功制备出具有烯胺键和二硫键的水凝胶.稳定性和保水性测试表明,水凝胶在生理条件下具有一定的稳定性和保水性.以盐酸四环素作为药物模型,研究了在不同的氧化还原和pH条件下水凝胶的药物释放性能,证明了氧化还原条件和pH会影响水凝胶的药物释放.抗菌实验结果表明,该载药水凝胶对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有良好的抗菌效果.该氧化还原/pH双响应水凝胶在药物缓释方面具有潜在的应用前景.     

羧甲基纤维素/壳聚糖/膨润土凝胶的制备及吸附性能研究

以壳聚糖、膨润土和羧甲基纤维素为原料制备了羧甲基纤维素/壳聚糖/膨润土凝胶吸附剂。通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对凝胶结构进行了表征,并考察了其吸附性能。结果表明凝胶各物质之间形成了结合。凝胶吸附剂对溶液中的苯酚具有很好的吸附效果,在适当条件下对苯酚的去除率可以达到92.6%以上。再生实验表明凝胶可回收利用。     

静电喷雾法制备羧甲基纤维素/壳聚糖液芯微胶囊

以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)和壳聚糖(CS)聚合物为原料,采用静电喷雾技术制备了CMC/CS液芯微胶囊。研究了制备条件对微胶囊成型和尺寸的影响,并用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和倒置显微镜进行了表征。将四环素与CMC溶液共混,以Al3+-CS作为凝固浴,在电压10 kV、液面距离20 mm、流速10 mL/h的条件下,制备了载药微胶囊。微胶囊的药物包封率随壳聚糖浓度增大而提高,在1.5%时达到99.5%。药物释放实验结果表明CMC/CS液芯微胶囊的释放率与pH有关,控释性能良好。     

分步合成羧甲基纤维素/聚丙烯酸甲酯pH敏感互穿网络水凝胶及其表征

以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、聚丙烯酸甲酯(PMA)为互穿物,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,采用互穿网络(IPN)聚合分步合成法在乙醇的水溶液中合成出具有互穿网络结构的水凝胶。通过红外光谱、扫描电镜、X射线衍射和热重分析等表征了聚合物的互穿网络结构。pH溶胀实验结果表明,该水凝胶具有比较明显的pH敏感性,当pH在8.0左右,复合水凝胶的溶胀率达到了最大值,且随着CMC/PMA复合水凝胶中2种组分比例的不同,溶胀率有明显的差异。     

纳米金刚石/酵母-壳聚糖复合微球的制备及光热控释性能

开发高性能功能性光热凝胶并建立药物控释模型对农药智能输送材料的开发具有重要意义。以酵母-壳聚糖水凝胶(YS-CS)为基体,引入光热材料纳米金刚石(DND),通过碱凝胶法合成了纳米金刚石/酵母-壳聚糖(DND/YS-CS)交联网络结构复合凝胶微球,研究了复合微球的微观结构、力学性能和光热转换性能;以吲哚丁酸(IBA)为模型药物,探讨DND/YS-CS对IBA的负载性能和控释性能,揭示复合微球对IBA的光热控释机制。结果表明：复合微球具有良好的力学性能,在分别超声和离心1 h后,DND含量为2.0 mg/mL复合微球保水能力分别达到70.5%和74%;复合微球具有良好的光热转换能力,一个太阳光强度下,最高温度可达37.6℃;DND含量为1.2 mg/mL复合微球对IBA的吸附量最高,可达到41.73μg/mg;微球在光下药物释放模式符合Korsmeyer-Peppas模型,在光下具有明显的刺激响应行为,药物释放呈现“开-关”模式。通过控制光的照射强度控制药物释放,在农业领域有广阔的应用前景。     

羧甲基壳聚糖/纳米银抗菌剂的制备及缓释性能研究

以羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)、银氨溶液为主要原料,采用微波辐射法合成具有缓释抗菌作用的羧甲基壳聚糖/纳米银(CMCS-Ag)抗菌剂。研究反应时间与温度对CMCS-Ag抗菌剂中纳米银生成量的影响,以较优条件制备抗菌剂并通过紫外-可见光谱、X射线衍射、透射电镜及红外光谱对抗菌剂进行结构表征,与商用纳米银进行对比测试,对CMCS-Ag抗菌剂的抗菌性能与Ag⁺缓释性能进行评价。结果表明：羧甲基壳聚糖与银氨溶液比例为100mg∶0.4mmol时,在70℃、40min条件下制备出CMCS-Ag抗菌剂的纳米银含量最高,纳米银浓度为(1250±2.8)mg/L;CMCS-Ag抗菌剂中纳米银晶型良好且粒径较小,平均粒径为(26±0.12)nm,能够均匀地负载于CMCS网状结构中;CMCS-Ag抗菌剂对大肠杆菌最小抑菌浓度为7.81mg/L、对金黄色葡萄球菌为15.63mg/L,抗菌效果优于商用纳米银;CMCS-Ag抗菌剂240h累计Ag⁺释放浓度为(26±0.5)μg/L,Ag⁺释放总量低于商用纳米银,Ag⁺缓释性能优...     

PNIPAAm/CMC半互穿网络水凝胶的合成及性质

以N-马来酰化壳聚糖为交联剂,N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)为单体,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为半互穿材料,在水溶液中通过自由基聚合制备了PNIPAAm/CMC半互穿网络水凝胶.所合成的水凝胶的低临界溶解温度(LCST)在33℃左右,CMC的加入对水凝胶的LCST无显著影响,但随着CMC用量的增加,水凝胶的温度敏感性...     

Facile preparation of magnetic sodium alginate/carboxymethyl cellulose composite hydrogel for removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution

A novel magnetic polysaccharide composite hydrogel was successfully constructed by using sodium alginate (SA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the backbone and filled with in situ Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, which was then employed for removal of heavy metal ion from aqueous solution. The obtained magnetic SA/CMC composite hydrogel was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence microscope, thermogravimetric and vibrating sample magnetometer. Effect of contact time, pH and adsorbent dosage on the adsorption of heavy metal ions by the magnetic SA/CMC hydrogel have also been studied. The results show that the prepared magnetic SA/CMC hydrogel can be effectively utilized in the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. The maximal adsorption capacity of Mn(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) as calculated from the Langmuir model were 71.83, 89.49, and 105.93 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption process of the magnetic SA/CMC hydrogel on the heavy metal ions can be attributed to ion exchange and chemical adsorption. What’s more, the magnetic hydrogel exhibited high efficiency after four cycles, which indicating it offers great potential for practical application in the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution.

     

壳聚糖微球的季铵化及其抗菌性能的研究

采用乳化交联法制备了壳聚糖微球,并对其进行季铵化表面改性。实验分别考察了溶剂、反应时间和季铵化试剂C_4H_9Br与壳聚糖微球物质的量之比对季铵化壳聚糖微球的影响。研究结果表明,壳聚糖微球在乙腈溶液中分散较好,反应时间为12h,季铵化试剂与壳聚糖微球的物质的量之比为3∶1时,制备的季铵化壳聚糖微球效果较好。对壳聚糖、壳聚糖微球、季铵化壳聚糖微球进行抗菌性能测试,发现其抗菌性能的强度大小依次为:季铵化壳聚糖>壳聚糖微球>壳聚糖,其中季铵化壳聚糖微球的抑菌率为52.1%。     

Design and optimization of thermosensitive nanoemulsion hydrogel for sustained-release of praziquantel

Objective: This work aimed to develop an alternative sustained-release thermosensitive praziquantel-loaded nanoemulsion (PZQ-NE) hydrogel for better schistosomiasis treatment.

Significance: PZQ-NE-dispersed chitosan/glycerol 2-phosphate disodium/HPMC (NE/CS/β-GP/HMPC) hydrogel was successfully prepared to improve bioavailability of PZQ.

Methods: Solubility tests and pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were applied to screen optimal oils, surfactants and co-surfactants of NE. The hydrogels were characterized for gelling time, surface exudates, rheological properties and in vitro drug release. Formulation optimization of NE/CS/β-GP/HMPC hydrogel was conducted by Box–Behnken experimental design combined with response surface methodology. In vitro cytotoxicity of hydrogel was studied by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide method. The sustained-release property of PZQ in NE and optimized hydrogel was evaluated by pharmacokinetic study in rabbits.

Results: The formulation of PZQ-NE consisted of mass ratio of 12.5% capryol 90 containing PZQ (160?mg/g), 40% cremophor RH 40/tween 20 and transcutol HP (S/CoS?=?2:1), 47.5% deionized water. PZQ releasing from NE/CS/β-GP/HMPC hydrogels was best fitted to Higuchi model and governed by diffusion. Rheological investigation evidenced the themosensitive gelation of different hydrogel systems and their gel-like character at 37?°C. The optimized hydrogel formulation consisted of HPMC solution (103.69?mg/g), 3.03% (w/v) chitosan and 14.1% (w/v) β-GP showed no cytotoxicity when the addition of NE was no more than 100?mg/g. Pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that NE/CS/β-GP/HMPC hydrogel can significantly slow down drug elimination, prolong mean residence time and improve bioavailability of PZQ.

Conclusions: NE/CS/β-GP/HMPC hydrogel possessed sustained-release property and could be an alternative antischistosomal drug delivery system with improved therapeutic effect.     

中空层状羟基磷灰石微球对溶菌酶的吸附与缓释研究

利用锂钙硼玻璃在磷酸盐溶液中的原位转化反应制备表面多孔且具有中空层状结构的羟基磷灰石(HA)微球,以溶菌酶为蛋白的药物模型,研究了中空层状结构的羟基磷灰石微球对溶菌酶的吸附及缓释特性,结果显示,中空微球对不同浓度的溶菌酶溶液,具有不同的吸附机理,当溶菌酶溶液的浓度低于0.8mg/mL时,溶菌酶的吸附主要发生在微球的外表面,符合Langmuir模型,释放速率较快,48h内基本释放完全;当溶菌酶溶液的浓度高于0.8mg/mL时,溶菌酶扩散进入微球内部及球壁的微孔中,使得吸附量显著增加,满足Henry吸附模型,溶菌酶的释放周期明显增加,可持续释放800h,微球对蛋白具有很好的缓释效果。     

Radiation preparation of PVA/CMC copolymers and their application in removal of dyes

Copolymer hydrogels composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was prepared by using electron beam irradiation as crosslinking agent. The copolymers were characterized by FTIR and the physical properties such as gelation. The thermal behavior and swelling properties of the prepared hydrogels were investigated as a function of PVA/CMC composition. The factors effecting adsorption capacity of acid, reactive and direct dyes onto PVA/CMC hydrogel, such as CMC content, pH value of the dye solution, initial concentration and adsorption temperature for dyes were investigated. Thermodynamic study indicated that the values the negative values of ΔH suggested that the adsorption process is exothermic. The value of ΔH (38.81 kJ/mol) suggested that the electrostatic interaction is the dominant mechanism for the adsorption of dyes on hydrogel.     

硼酸盐玻璃的原位转化及对浸泡液酸碱度的影响

采用火焰喷球法制备了组成为10Na₂O-10CaO-80B₂O₃(wt%)和19Na₂O-17CaO-64B₂O₃(wt%)的钠钙硼(NCB)玻璃(分别记为S1和S2)微球, 通过pH计、XRD、SEM、SEM-EDS、FTIR和BET研究了两种微球原位转化为中空羟基磷灰石(HA)微球及对浸泡液酸碱度的影响, 并以万古霉素为模型药物, 进一步研究了中空HA微球的缓释性能。结果表明, S1-HA微球具有较大的空腔体积和较好的药物负载性能, 其载药量和载药率分别达到13.5 mg/g和16.8%; 而S2微球对浸泡液pH的影响相对较强, S2-HA微球呈现显著的层状结构, 且具有较好的缓释性能, 其缓释时间可达到60 h。     

钠海藻酸钠基抗菌包装材料的研究进展

目的综述以海藻酸钠为主要基材制备抗菌包装材料的研究进展。方法通过对国内外研究成果与研究现状的分析与总结,探讨海藻酸钠在缓控释抗菌包装材料的研究前景。结果分析表明以物理方法直接载抗菌活性物质的海藻酸钠基包装材料,在短时间内其抑菌效果明显,随着时间的增加,抗菌活性物质释放量减少,抑菌效果下降。利用化学改性海藻酸钠载入抗菌活性物质,在一定程度上能够提升抗菌物质的包埋率,增加抑菌作用时间。结论基于海藻酸钠的缓控释抗菌包装材料研究尚处在起步阶段,对海藻酸纳及其衍生物进行进一步改性后,使其成为良好缓控释抗菌包装载体材料的潜力非常巨大。