二元有机/煤系高岭土复合相变储能材料的制备及其热性能

采用熔融插层技术,以二甲基亚砜(DMSO)改性的煤系高岭土为前驱体,将月桂酸(LA)和月桂醇(LAL)作为相变材料插入高岭土(Kaolin)层间,制备二元有机/煤系高岭土复合相变储能材料。采用XRD、FTIR、DSC等现代测试技术对复合材料的热性能与内层结构进行了研究。结果表明LA-LAL/kaolin复合物相变温度为25.1℃,相变焓为45.24J/g;复合相变材料是煤系高岭土和月桂酸/月桂醇二元体系的物理共混物,没有新的键合生成;热稳定性实验表明,煤系高岭土对月桂酸/月桂醇二元低共熔相变材料具有良好的定形效果。     

二元脂肪酸/生物基SiO_2复合相变材料的制备与性能

为了获得适用于建筑领域的相变材料和相变温度,选用月桂酸(LA)和棕榈酸(PA)共混制备的二元低共熔脂肪酸(LA-PA)作为储能材料,废弃稻草和稻草灰提取的生物基SiO_2(b-SiO_2)粉末作为载体,采用熔融浸渗法制备了LA-PA/b-SiO_2定形相变储能材料。采用FTIR、XRD、比表面测试、SEM、DSC、TGA对LA-PA/b-SiO_2复合相变材料的结构与性能进行分析。结果表明:LA-PA和b-SiO_2并不是简单的物理相互作用;LA-PA被束缚在b-SiO_2多孔网络中,从而在固相变为液相时,相变材料不会泄露。通过XRD分析可得,随着b-SiO_2含量的增加,LA-PA/b-SiO_2复合相变材料的结晶度降低。由DSC和TGA分析可知,LA-PA/b-SiO_2复合相变材料具有良好的相变性质和热稳定性,相变焓在67.36~146.0J/g之间。     

癸酸-肉豆蔻酸/硅藻土定形相变储能材料制备及性能研究

以癸酸(CA)与肉豆蔻酸(MA)复合制备的CA-MA二元低共熔脂肪酸为储能基元材料,硅藻土为储能载体,基于真空吸附法制备了CA-MA/硅藻土定形相变储能材料。采用FT-IR、SEM、DSC、TG对定形相变材料的结构、形貌和热性能等进行了分析。结果表明,CA-MA二元低共熔脂肪酸被吸附到硅藻土的孔道中,二者之间为物理结合。质量分数为45%CA-MA的定形相变材料,CA-MA在反复循环相变中未发生泄漏,其熔化、凝固相变温度分别为22.75、14.52℃,相变焓分别为67.03、66.85J/g,相变温度适中,相变焓高,热稳定性好,适用于建筑领域。     

月桂酸/二氧化硅复合相变储能材料的制备与性能

以月桂酸为相变材料,二氧化硅为基体,采用溶胶-凝胶法将相变材料嵌入到SiO2网络空间内,制备出月桂酸/二氧化硅复合相变储能材料。采用IR,SEM及DSC对复合相变储能材料进行了结构、形貌以及热性能表征。结果表明:含相变材料69.1%质量分数的复合材料相变温度为43.1℃,相变潜热高达104.64J/g,相变材料均匀地嵌入到SiO2网络空间内,发生相变时不泄露。同时二氧化硅作为基体材料形成空间传热网格,较大提高了相变材料的导热性能。     

月桂酸/十六醇/二氧化硅复合相变材料的结构与性能

为了制备适用于服用调温纺织品领域的定形相变材料,选用月桂酸和十六醇二元低共熔物作为工作物质,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备月桂酸/十六醇/二氧化硅复合相变材料。用DSC、IR、TG、SEM、热渗出等方法对其结构和性能进行了研究。结果表明:二氧化硅复合相变材料相变温度为34℃,符合服用要求;当相变材料的质量分数为64%时,相变焓可达122.4J/g;复合相变材料是二氧化硅凝胶和月桂酸/十六醇二元体系的物理共混物,没有新的键合生成;TG曲线表明复合相变材料在125℃之前,具有良好的热稳定性;复合相变材料组织呈近球形或椭球形的颗粒状,表面光滑圆润,粒径在2μm左右,分散性较好;热渗出实验表明,二氧化硅凝胶对月桂酸/十六醇二元低共熔相变材料具有良好的定形效果。     

癸酸-月桂酸/膨胀石墨相变储能材料的制备及性能研究

以癸酸-月桂酸低共熔物为相变材料,多孔石墨为基体,利用多孔石墨的吸附特性,制备出癸酸-月桂酸/膨胀石墨定形相变储能材料。采用DSC、ESEM、融化凝固过程分析对定形相变储能材料进行了结构和热性能研究。结果表明,癸酸-月桂酸被有效地包封在多孔石墨孔内,并且在定形相变材料中占80.47%(质量比);定形相变材料的相变温度为19.50℃,相变焓为93.18J/g;与癸酸-月桂酸相比,定形相变材料的导热性能有一定程度的提高。     

硬脂酸/改性硅藻土复合相变储能材料的制备及性能研究

以硬脂酸为相变储能材料,改性硅藻土为载体,无水乙醇为溶剂,采用溶液插层法制备了硬脂酸/改性硅藻土复合相变储能材料.利用综合热分析仪(TG-DSC)测定了复合材料的相变温度、相变潜热及复合材料的热稳定性,通过FT-IR对复合材料的兼容性进行了表征.结果表明,复合相变储能材料中硬脂酸的适宜含量为65%(质量分数),相变温度为61.6℃,相变潜热为142.87J/g,复合材料具有良好的热稳定性和兼容性.     

石膏基相变储能材料的制备及性能研究

以改性膨润土为载体,以月桂酸和癸酸的二元混合酸为相变材料制备稳定的复合相变材料,再与石膏复合制备了石膏基相变储能材料,并研究其蓄放热性能、强度和相变稳定性。结果表明,与改性膨润土复合前后,相变材料的相变温度保持不变,都处于22.0~30.1℃范围内;掺入40%(质量分数)复合相变材料的石膏基相变储能材料试体在蓄热和放热过程中的调温幅度分别可达7.4℃和12.4℃;其抗压强度为3.0MPa,且经过20次冷热循环后相变稳定性良好,基本能满足建筑材料的使用要求。     

二元脂肪酸/SiO2复合相变储能材料的制备与表征

针对适用于建筑领域的相变储能材料,选用癸酸(CA)分别与月桂酸(LA)、肉豆蔻酸(MA)和棕榈酸(PA)复合制备了二元低共熔脂肪酸作为储能材料。通过施罗德公式计算得到二元低共熔脂肪酸的混合比例和理论相变温度。基于CA-MA优异的性能,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备CA-MA/SiO2定形相变储能材料。采用FT-IR、SEM、DSC、TG对CA-MA/SiO2的结构、形貌、热性能和热稳定性进行了分析。结果表明,制备的3种二元低共熔脂肪酸适合于建筑领域。CA-MA较好地被固定在SiO2多孔网络中,储能材料和SiO2之间仅为物理结合,没有新物质的生成。定形相变储能材料的相变温度为20.96℃,相变焓为70.17J/g,相变温度适中,相变焓高,热稳定性好。     

改性硅藻土/脂肪酸定形相变材料的制备及性能

采用癸酸和月桂酸的二元低共熔混合脂肪酸为相变芯材,以经过高温焙烧和酸浸法进行改性处理的硅藻土作为基体材料,通过真空浸渍法制备改性硅藻土/脂肪酸定形相变材料,并采用不同的固-液分离工艺对定形相变材料进行干燥。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、热重分析法(TG)和热循环实验等方法对改性硅藻土以及定形相变材料的物质成分、化学结构、热性能及稳定性等进行表征。结果表明,500℃高温焙烧5h和50%硫酸酸浸5h对硅藻土的改性效果良好,改性硅藻土的孔隙率和吸附性能明显提高;经抽滤干燥处理的定形相变材料热性能最优,改性硅藻土对脂肪酸相变材料的吸附率为42.7%,定形相变材料相变温度为17.68℃,相变潜热为66.65J/g,改性硅藻土能够对脂肪酸产生吸附和固定作用,定形相变材料表现出良好的热稳定性,可以用作保温、蓄热建筑材料。     

Preparation and thermal properties of lauric acid/raw fly ash/carbon nanotubes composite as phase change material for thermal energy storage

Abstract

In this study, a novel ternary system form-stable phase change material (FSPCM) composed of lauric acid (LA)/raw fly ash (RFA)/carbon nanotubes (CNT) was prepared via low cost, easy and industrially applicable fabrication process for low-temperature heat storage. Particularly, the unmodified RFA was directly acted as supporting material to prevent the leakage of the melted LA almost at no cost. A series of leakage experiments were performed to evaluate the package efficiency. The maximum mass fraction of LA absorbed in RFA and CNT was found to be 25?wt% without the LA leakage. Hence, the LA/RFA/CNT (25/75/5?wt%) composite was characterized as FSPCM. The chemical structures, microstructure thermal properties and thermal stability of the FSPCM was investigated by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscope (FTIR), scanning electronic microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). The SEM and FTIR results indicated that LA was adsorbed on the RFA’s surface porous or into the porous structure of CNT. And there was good chemical compatibility among LA, RFA and CNT. The DSC results demonstrated that the phase change temperatures and latent heats of LA/RFA/CNT FSPCM were 45.36?°C and 37.83?J/g for melting and 40.51?°C and 36.48?J/g for freezing, respectively. TGA analysis test revealed that the composite PCM had excellent thermal stability. Moreover, the heat transfer efficiency of LA/RFA/CNT FSPCM has been improved by the addition of RFA and CNT. In short, the LA/RFA/CNT FSPCM has a promising application prospect in low-temperature application due to feasible and in large scale industrial preparation, low-cost, simple and facile process.     

月桂酸/膨胀珍珠岩复合相变材料的制备与热性能研究

以月桂酸为相变材料,膨胀珍珠岩为载质,利用真空吸附法制备出月桂酸/膨胀珍珠岩复合相变材料(LA/EP-PCMs)。通过FT-IR、SEM、DSC、TGA对LA/EP-PCMs的微观结构、相变温度、相变潜热、热稳定性进行表征。结果表明:月桂酸能较好地吸附在膨胀珍珠岩孔隙内,它们之间的化学相容性良好。LA/EP-PCMs中月桂酸饱和含量为65%,此时其相变温度为41.3℃,热焓为110.1J/g。将5%的纳米石墨纤维(NGF)作为添加剂加入到LA/EP-PCMs中,其导热系数由0.09 W/(m·K)提高到0.16 W/(m·K),增长了77.7%。熔融凝固实验表明:掺入NGF将改善复合相变材料的蓄放热能力,其强化导热机理是在相变基体外表面和内部形成了导热网络。     

聚苯胺/碳纳米管的原位复合

通过原位溶液聚合制备了聚苯胺/碳纳米管(PANI/CNT)复合材料。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见光光谱(UV-VIS)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热失重分析(TGA)及差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了PANI/CNT复合材料的结构与性能。研究表明,苯胺(ANI)的聚合倾向于在碳纳米管(CNT)表面进行,形成PANI包覆的CNT。CNT表面PANI层的厚度随溶液中ANI含量的增加而增加;当溶液中ANI含量较低时,CNT表面PANI层厚度均匀;当ANI含量过高时,CNT表面PANI层厚度不均匀,形成一些颗粒状附着物。PANI与CNT之间主要是物理吸附;PANI/CNT复合材料的电导率远高于PANI本身。同时,PANI/CNT复合材料的耐热性远高于PANI,并受PANI含量影响。     

具有保温性能的电纺LA/PET纳米纤维复合织物的制备与表征

本文制备了电纺月桂酸(LA)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纳米纤维/机织物的复合织物,并对其进行了表征.选用纯棉纱线、毛纱线、涤棉纱线、腈纶纱线和涤纶纱线分别作为经纬纱线,在实验室制备机织物小样,同时,通过静电纺丝法制备LA/PET纳米纤维,将LA包裹在PET基材之中.之后通过缝合的方式,将电纺LA/PET纳米纤维和机织物构造成三明治结构的复合织物.对纳米纤维的形貌和热性能进行了表征,并分别探究了LA/PET的质量比,机织物组织结构和机织物材料对复合织物保温性能的影响.结果表明:LA/PET纳米纤维呈圆柱形,具有光滑表面,LA和PET展现出良好的相容性,热焓值略低于理论值,但相变温度改变不大.复合织物的热保温性能测试表明,复合织物的保温性能都优于未加入相变材料的织物,同时展现出良好的热循环稳定性.     

Preparation and thermal properties of paraffin/porous silica ceramic composite

This work mainly involved the preparation and characterization of form-stable paraffin/porous silica ceramic composite. The paraffin acts as thermal absorb material and porous silica serves as the supporting material, which provides structural strength and prevents the leakage of melted paraffin. Results indicate that the composite remained solid above the melting temperature of paraffin while the mass fraction of paraffin reached to 75%. Moreover, scanning electronic microscope (SEM) observed the paraffin dispersed into porous network of silica ceramics. Fourier transformation infrared spectroscope (FTIR) indicated that the composite formation of porous silica and paraffin were physical. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) determined the melting temperature and heat storage capacity of the composite to be 56.3 °C and 165.16 kJ/kg, respectively.     

具有多孔基体复合相变储能材料研究

本文提出了研制一种具有多孔基体的复合相变储能材料，通过实验分析了该储能材料的融解温度、融解热、热稳定性及微相结构等性能。该储能材料是由两种有机相变材料组成，通过物理吸附的方法将其复合在多孔基体材料中。在热分析中，用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)来测定储能材料的融点、融解热，用热重分析仪(TGA)测定其热稳定性，并用扫描电镜(SEM)观测了该储能材料的微相结构。测试结果表明该储能材料具有较高的相变潜热和较好的热稳定性，可被应用于储能和热能回收系统中。     

Polyethylene Glycol–CaCl2 Coordination Compounds as a Novel Form‐Stable Phase Change Material with Excellent Thermophysical Properties

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) have been extensively studied as phase change materials (PCMs). To overcome the problem of liquid leakage, the authors firstly report a novel form‐stable phase change material (FSPCM) using coordination compound. The structure, morphology, thermal property, and thermal stability of the self‐prepared samples are determined. The obtained results confirm the existence of coordination bonds between PEG and Ca²⁺ species, and no liquid leakage is observed for the synthesized PEG–CaCl₂ composites at temperatures as high as 120 °C. The PEG8000–CaCl₂ (1:2) FSPCM exhibits a relatively large latent heat of 147.7 J g^?1, corresponding to 87.8% of that of pure PEG. From the dynamical viewpoint, the activation energy of crystallization process is increased by only 5.2% for the PEG8000–CaCl₂ composite due to the formation of coordination bonds; however, the activation energy is reduced by 18.3% during melting process. After adding 3 wt% conductive carbon black, the heat storage performance of the PEG phase change material can be optimized. The PEG‐CaCl₂ composite would be a promising material for thermal energy storage applications and can be used in various engineering fields.

     

甲基乙基次膦酸铝/环氧树脂阻燃复合材料性能

以甲基乙基次膦酸铝(Al(MEP))作为环氧树脂(EP)的阻燃剂, 制备了Al(MEP)/EP复合材料, 利用垂直燃烧和氧指数法研究了Al(MEP)/EP复合材料的阻燃性能; 探讨了不同组成的Al(MEP)/EP复合材料的弯曲强度和冲击强度; 采用红外光谱(FTIR) 、 TGA 、 DSC、 SEM分别对样品的结构、 热稳定性、 玻璃化转变温度(T_g) 和形貌进行了分析。 结果表明, Al(MEP)的质量分数为15%时, Al(MEP)/EP复合材料的氧指数值(LOI)即可达到32.5%, 垂直燃烧达到UL 94 V-0级。此外, 各种组成的复合材料的力学性能较好、 热稳定性能优良。     

Preparation,properties and thermal control applications of silica aerogel infiltrated with solid–liquid phase change materials

In this study, silica aerogel saturated with erythritol as phase change materials (PCMs) was prepared by melt infiltration. The properties of the composite were determined by scanning electronic microscope (SEM), Fourier transformation-infrared spectroscope (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). In the novel composite, erythritol with high latent heat of fusion was used as PCM for thermal control, whereas nanoporous silica aerogel was prepared as the phase change matrix to provide structural strength and prevent leakage of the melted erythritol. Nitrogen gas adsorption curves and SEM analysis indicate that the pore structure of silica aerogel was porous and connected with each other. FT-IR analysis showed that the composite formation of silica aerogel and erythritol were physical, whereas DSC analysis showed that the melting point and heat storage capacity of the composite were 123.8°C and 289.92?kJ/kg, respectively. The thermal protection properties of phase change composites were designed under laboratory conditions using a thermal measurement setup of a simulated thermal environment of an aircraft. The phase change composite produced by the study can be used for thermal protection applications. Compared with the paraffin–silica aerogel composite, the erythritol–silica aerogel composite could rapidly control the rising temperature by absorbing heat under high thermal environments.