不同界面SiC纤维束复合材料的拉伸力学行为

利用国产三代SiC纤维通过化学气相渗透工艺(CVI)制备不同界面厚度和基体体积分数的SiC纤维束复合材料,并对其拉伸力学行为进行研究;同时,通过有限元方法研究界面厚度和基体体积分数对SiC纤维束复合材料热残余应力的影响。有限元分析结果表明:该纤维束复合材料的界面存在较为明显的径向和环向热残余应力,而且这两种应力均随着界面厚度增加而减小,随着基体体积分数的增加而增加。拉伸实验结果表明:随着界面厚度增加SiC纤维束复合材料的拉伸强度有增大趋势,且纤维拔出长度也相应增加;但在界面厚度相同的情况下,过高的基体体积分数将导致复合材料拉伸强度和韧性下降。     

热残余应力对C/SiC复合材料界面剪切强度影响的有限元分析

根据C/SiC复合材料的属性,建立单纤维顶出的二维轴对称模型,采用有限元法对C/SiC复合材料的界面剪切强度进行数值研究,分析中考虑材料制备过程中的残余应力对界面剪切强度的影响,在细观力学层面上系统分析纤维顶出过程的界面剪应力及其相关影响因素。分析得出,残余应力会对界面造成损伤,降低界面脱粘载荷。材料的界面承受能力与热膨胀系数呈正相关,与固化温度呈负相关。     

SEM环境下纤维推出技术结合电子束云纹技术表征复合材料界面细观力学性能

纤维推出技术是研究复合材料界面细观力学性能的常用方法。本文将该方法在SEM环境下与电子束云纹技术相结合开发一套基于SEM环境下的纤维推出实验系统。利用该系统测试了SiC/Ti-15-3复合材料的界面剪切强度、摩擦应力、摩擦系数及残余应力分布等细观力学性能。结果表明:对于厚度为500 μm的SiC/Ti-15-3复合材料界面剪切强度为35 MPa,摩擦应力为32.8 MPa,纤维与界面间的摩擦系数为0.082,径向残余应力为?400 MPa。该系统在SEM环境可以实现直径为几微米的纤维推出,扩展了纤维推出技术的应用范围,提高了纤维推出过程的对准精度,减小了测量误差。并且与电子束云纹技术相结合,实时测量纤维推出后界面残余应力分布情况,为复合材料界面的设计、评估及优化提供必要的实验方法。      

树脂基纤维复合材料的热残余应力数值分析

以环氧树脂R368-1/硼纤维复合材料为研究对象,采用柱体单胞结构,建立了三维有限元分析模型。考虑试样加工制备过程和常温使用时的温度差,对残余应力分布特点和应力水平进行了讨论,给出了应力分布云图和应力沿径向的分布规律。进一步考察了纤维体积分数、温度差和附加界面层对残余应力分布的影响,结果表明,基体主要受拉伸应力作用,纤维主要受压缩应力作用,纤维体积分数增加和附加界面层有助于改善复合材料中残余应力的分布,试样制备温度的升高对纤维中应力的增加具有较大影响。     

基于细观有限元方法的复合材料横向力学性能分析

横向断裂是制约复合材料结构设计的关键点,传统细观模型因为不能充分考虑组分性能、体积分数和纤维形状及分布情况而不能有效预测材料横向力学性能。采用改进的随机序列吸收算法建立具有随机纤维分布的复合材料代表性体积单胞模型,考虑基体破坏和界面脱粘两种失效模式和固化过程中产生的残余应力,对模型在横向拉、压、剪3种载荷下的力学行为进行仿真计算。分析了不同界面强度对复合材料力学性能的影响规律。仿真结果与实验数据对比表明:横向模量预测误差在7%以内,压缩和剪切的强度误差在8%以内,结果一致性较好,表明该模型能够有效预测复合材料横向力学性能。     

亚麻落麻纤维增强可降解复合材料的拉伸强度预测

采用非织造结合热压成型工艺制备了亚麻落麻纤维增强聚乳酸(PLA)基可降解复合材料(亚麻落麻/PLA),研究了纤维体积分数对材料拉伸强度的影响,并利用 Kelly-Tyson拉伸强度预测模型及相关修正理论,提出了非连续植物纤维增强可降解复合材料(D-NFRBC)强度预测模型,该模型考虑了纤维长度、取向角、直径、强度概率分布及材料界面剪切强度与材料中纤维临界长度、纤维极限拉伸强度三者间制约关系对复合材料强度的影响。结果表明;亚麻落麻/PLA拉伸强度在纤维体积分数为39.6%时达到最大,应用本文建立的强度预测模型所得亚麻落麻/PLA拉伸强度预测值与实验值吻合良好。     

SiC晶须增强SiCf/SiC复合材料的力学性能

以连续SiC纤维为增强体,采用前驱体浸渍裂解工艺,在复合材料基体中引入SiC晶须制备出多级增强的SiCf/SiC-SiCw复合材料,并采用化学气相渗透工艺在SiC晶须表面制备BN界面层,研究了SiC晶须及其表面BN界面层对复合材料的性能影响.结果表明:在复合材料中引入SiC晶须后,由于晶须的拔出、桥连及裂纹偏转等作用增加了裂纹在基体中传递时的能量消耗,使SiCf/SiC复合材料的压缩强度有明显提高,当引入体积分数为20％的SiC晶须时,复合材料压缩强度提高了22.6％,可达673.9 MPa.通过化学气相渗透工艺在SiC晶须表面制备BN界面层后,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和断裂韧度分别为414.0,800.3 MPa和22.2 MPa·m1/2,较SiC晶须表面无界面层时分别提高了13.9％,8.8％和19.0％.     

短纤维增强金属基复合材料应力分布的剪切滞后分析

使用弹性理论和剪切滞后分析, 推导出了基体和纤维应力场分布表达式, 研究了纤维体积分数、纤维长径比和基体屈服强度等对应力分布和应力传递的影响。研究表明, 基体和纤维应力分布及基体的塑性行为具有明显的不均匀性, 基体与纤维之间存在明显的应力传递和应变分配。关键词　金属基复合材料, 剪切滞后理论, 应力应变分布      

SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料残余应力的数值模拟

采用有限元模拟方法研究了SiC纤维和SiC/Ti-6Al-4V复合材料的制备过程,用正交实验分析技术计算了不同参数对SiC纤维残余应力和复合材料致密度及残余应力的影响规律。结果表明,对于SiC纤维的制备过程,降低沉积温度和C涂层厚度则WC反应层中的轴向热应力降低。对于复合材料的热等静压过程,热等静压温度和包套厚度对复合材料致密度的影响较大,热等静压时间和纤维体积分数对致密度的影响较小,随着热等静压温度的升高和包套厚度的降低复合材料的致密度提高;适当提高热等静压温度和纤维体积分数、降低包套厚度能大大增大基体的径向残余应力和适当提高热等静压温度和包套厚度、降低热等静压时间,能大大降低基体的环向残余应力。建议热等静压温度为950-960℃,热等静压时间为9 h,包套的厚度为70-80 mm,纤维的体积分数为45%-50%。SiC纤维增强钛基复合材料残余应力模拟结果与用拉曼光谱法测试的数值有一定的不同,但是其变化趋势相近。     

单纤维复合材料体系界面性能的实验研究与数值分析(英文)

针对微脱黏测试建立细观力学模型,通过模拟纤维从树脂微滴中的拔出过程评价炭纤维增强双马树脂基复合材料的界面性能。为了深入理解湿热环境对复合材料界面性能的影响,通过微脱黏方法测试不同湿热环境条件下炭纤维增强双马树脂基复合材料的界面剪切强度。结果表明,湿热老化会导致界面剪切强度下降,吸湿达到饱和后界面剪切强度也会趋于稳定。在实验的基础上,基于内聚力界面单元建立脱黏过程的数值模型以表征复合材料的界面特性,评价实验参数与界面特性的关系。微脱黏模型还为宏观力学性能的数值分析提供包括界面相在内的必要的实验参数。微脱黏测试的有限元分析表明刮刀夹持位置、热残余应力以及湿热条件均会对界面应力分布产生影响。     

Determination of interfacial mechanical properties of ceramic composites by the compression of micro-pillar test specimens

A novel method to determine the fiber-matrix interfacial properties of ceramic matrix composites is proposed and evaluated; where micro-pillar samples containing inclined fiber/matrix interfaces were prepared from a SiC fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites and then compression-tested using the nano-indentation technique. This new test method employs a simple geometry and mitigates the uncertainties associated with complex stress state in the conventional single-filament push-out method or tensile unloading–reloading hysteresis loop analysis method for the determination of interfacial properties. Based on the test results using samples with different interface orientations, the interfacial debond shear strength and the internal friction coefficient are explicitly determined and compared with values obtained by other test methods. SEM observation showed that micro compression caused an adhesive type of debonding between the fiber and the pyrolytic carbon interface. The results suggest that the debonding/failure behavior of the micro-pillars followed the Coulomb fracture criterion. The determined interfacial debond shear strength is ~100 MPa, which appears to be smaller than that determined from fiber push-out test for similar composite systems. The difference can be explained by the effect of normal stress (clamping stress) on the apparent interfacial debond shear strength.     

Interphase behavior of titanium matrix composites at elevated temperature

This paper examines the effect of temperature and thermal exposure on the interphase behavior of continuous fiber reinforced titanium metal matrix composites. The system considered is SCS-6/Timetal-21S. Elevated temperature fiber push-out tests were conducted to determine the effect of test temperature on interphase shear properties. Corresponding variations of debonding shear strength and frictional shear stress with test temperature are presented and discussed. Thermal exposure, both in a vacuum and an air environment, has been conducted on specimens, with temperatures up to 650°C and exposure times of up to 100 h. The resulting size and composition of the interphase have been examined. Fiber push-out tests were carried out at room and elevated temperature on the aged specimens. Results are discussed in terms of the influence of relaxation and oxidation on the debond shear strength. Using the experimentally determined interphase shear properties, the interphase toughness has been calculated and discussed in relation to interface decohesion models.     

碳/碳复合材料疲劳损伤失效试验研究

对单向碳/碳复合材料纵向拉-拉疲劳特性及面内剪切拉-拉疲劳特性进行了试验研究; 对三维四向编织碳/碳复合材料的纵向拉-拉疲劳特性及纤维束-基体界面剩余强度进行了试验研究。使用最小二乘法拟合得到了单向碳/碳复合材料纵向及面内剪切拉-拉疲劳加载下的剩余刚度退化模型及剩余强度退化模型, 建立了纤维束-基体界面剩余强度模型。结果显示: 单向碳/碳复合材料在87.5%应力水平的疲劳载荷下刚度退化最大只有8.8%左右, 在70.0%应力水平的疲劳载荷下, 面内剪切刚度退化最大可达30%左右; 三维四向编织碳/碳复合材料疲劳加载后强度及刚度均得到了提高; 随着疲劳循环加载数的增加, 三维四向编织碳/碳复合材料中纤维束-基体界面强度逐渐减弱。      

Measurement and analytical validation of interfacial bond strength of PAN-fiber-reinforced carbon matrix composites

Carbon/carbon composites are well suited to high-friction applications due to their excellent mechanical and thermal properties. Since interfacial shear strength is critical to composite performance, characterization of fiber/matrix interface is a crucial step in tailored design of composites. This article presents a hybrid experimental/analytical study to evaluate the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of PAN-fiber-reinforced carbon matrix composites. Microstructure was studied by light and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). A series of push-out tests were conducted to examine the fiber/matrix debonding process. The residual fiber displacement was confirmed by scanning electron microcopy (SEM). The validity of the calculated IFSS value was demonstrated by a simplified analytical approach, where the components contributing to the measured displacement were analyzed considering the mechanics of the indentation. The method described in this article has been successfully used for determining the IFSS of PAN-fiber-reinforced carbon matrix composites.     

碳纳米管纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面剪切强度及微观结构

研究了碳纳米管纤维的微观结构和拉伸性能,并进一步分析了其与环氧树脂形成界面剪切强度及微观结构。采用单丝断裂试验测试了碳纳米管纤维/环氧树脂复合材料体系的界面剪切强度,结合单丝断裂过程中的偏光显微镜照片、复合材料的拉曼谱图和断口扫描电镜照片,研究了碳纳米管纤维/环氧树脂复合材料界面的微观结构。结果表明: 碳纳米管纤维/环氧树脂复合材料的界面剪切强度约为14 MPa;在碳纳米管纤维和环氧树脂形成界面的过程中,环氧树脂可以浸渍纤维,形成具有一定厚度的复合相,这种浸渍过程和界面相的形成都有利于碳纳米管纤维与基体之间的连接。     

原位法表征碳／碳复合材料界面性能的研究

用单丝顶出和束顶出法分别测试了细编穿刺碳／碳（Ｃ／Ｃ）复合材料不同层次的界面粘结性能，研究了生产工艺对不同层次界面性能的影响，建立了顶出试验的力学模型，并用有限元方法分析了界面上应力的分布情况，对可能的界面破坏模式进行了预测，为最终优化Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的生产工艺提供了依据。     

Modeling Strength Degradation of Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic-Matrix Composites Subjected to Cyclic Loading at Elevated Temperatures in Oxidative Environments

In this paper, the strength degradation of non-oxide and oxide/oxide fiber-reinforced ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) subjected to cyclic loading at elevated temperatures in oxidative environments has been investigated. Considering damage mechanisms of matrix cracking, interface debonding, interface wear, interface oxidation and fibers fracture, the composite residual strength model has been established by combining the micro stress field of the damaged composites, the damage models, and the fracture criterion. The relationships between the composite residual strength, fatigue peak stress, interface debonding, fibers failure and cycle number have been established. The effects of peak stress level, initial and steady-state interface shear stress, fiber Weibull modulus and fiber strength, and testing temperature on the degradation of composite strength and fibers failure have been investigated. The evolution of residual strength versus cycle number curves of non-oxide and oxide/oxide CMCs under cyclic loading at elevated temperatures in oxidative environments have been predicted.     

The analysis on transverse tensile behavior of SiC/Ti–6Al–4V composites by finite element method

A two-dimensional finite element model is created to investigate the effects of temperature and residual stress on transverse tensile behaviors for SiC/Ti–6Al–4V composites with square fiber array. The spring elements are used to simulate interfacial debonding when interfacial radial stress, composed of residual radial stress and radial stress introduced by the applied transverse tensile stress, reaches interfacial bonding strength. The results indicate that temperature has an obvious influence on the collapse stress of composites due to the change of matrix strength with temperature. And the higher temperature is, the lower collapse stress is. Residual radial stress can increase the applied stress required to cause interfacial debonding, but has a little influence on the collapse stress of the composites.