石墨烯基聚合物复合电解质的设计、性能及其应用研究进展

固态电化学器件具有柔性好、安全性能高及能量密度高等优点,属于极有前景的新一代化学能源器件。固态电解质是实现电化学器件固态化的关键,其中石墨烯基聚合物复合电解质由传统聚合物电解质发展而来,是一类含有石墨烯纳米填料和聚合物基体的新型固态电解质,具有较高的离子电导率、良好的加工性能及优异的界面特性,现已成为固态电化学器件研发中备受关注的电解质材料。本文着重讨论了近年来石墨烯基聚合物复合电解质的结构设计、性能机制及在各种电化学储能器件中应用的研究进展。      

纳米线电化学储能材料与器件

减少容量衰减、提高能量密度及倍率性能是当前电化学储能器件发展的国际性难题,研发新型高性能纳米储能材料及其器件是解决这一难题和发展高功率密度、高能量密度及高循环稳定性的下一代动力电池的有效途径之一。纳米线电极材料因具有独特的各向异性、快速的轴向电子传输和径向离子扩散等特性使其在纳米线储能器件的组装、原位表征等方面有着块体材料所不具有的独特优势。本文结合当前最新的研究进展和本课题组的研究工作,介绍了通过设计组装单根纳米线全固态电化学储能器件,结合原位表征技术,揭示了电化学储能器件容量衰减与电极材料电导率降低、结构劣化之间的内在规律。基于该规律,一方面从改善纳米线电极材料本征性能入手,提出并实现了纳米线化学预嵌入、拓扑取代、取向有序化等性能优化策略,显著提高了电极材料的电导率及其电化学储能器件的循环稳定性和倍率特性;另一方面从抑制纳米线电极结构劣化入手,设计构筑了纳米线分级结构和一维自缓冲纳米杂化结构,显著增加纳米线的比表面积和电化学活性位点,大幅提高了纳米线储能器件的能量密度、功率密度以及器件可靠性,为纳米线电化学储能器件的发展和应用奠定基础。     

碳基电极材料在能源存储器件中的催化效应（英文）

催化效应是实现电极材料高效电化学能量转换和存储的关键因素之一.碳基复合材料因具有优异的物化性能,被广泛地合成并应用于电极材料.电极材料在能源存储器件中表现出的容量往往超过其理论容量值,额外容量的产生原因及形成机制尚未得到准确解释.本文首先回顾了储能器件的研究现状和不足,阐述了催化效应在不同类型能源存储器件中的作用:促进固体电解质界面相的演化,加速放电/充电产物的可逆转化,以及提高中间体的转化速率和活性物质的利用率,从而提升活性物质的利用.此外,还分析了催化效应与储能性能之间的相互作用,以突出催化效应的重要功能.希望本综述在系统地分析、归纳和总结的基础上,为设计具有高效催化作用的电极材料提供新思路,积极推动这一研究领域的发展.     

石墨烯在固态电池界面改性中的应用

全固态锂电池具有安全可靠性高、能量密度大、循环寿命长、电化学窗口宽、高温适应性强等优点，制约其实际应用的主要瓶颈在于电极与固态电解质之间的界面问题，包括负极界面区的锂枝晶、体积膨胀，正极界面区的结构变化、空间电荷层、界面反应等。石墨烯因其特殊的二维结构，优良的导电、导热及力学性能而广泛应用于电化学储能领域。综述了石墨烯在电极/固态电解质界面改性方面的研究进展，并对石墨烯在固态电池领域的应用前景进行了展望。     

超级电容器电极材料的研究进展

超级电容器是一种具有优异电化学性能的新型储能装置,文章介绍了超级电容器的储能机理和优点,论述了碳基材料、金属氧化物材料及导电聚合物材料的研究进展和作为超级电容器电极材料的要求,对未来的电极材料的研究方向作出了展望。     

自修复涂层材料研究进展

综述了自修复涂层材料研究进展。重点介绍了几种外援型自修复涂层包括微/纳米胶囊填充型自修复涂层、微/纳米容器填充型自修复涂层以及形状记忆纤维丝/聚合物自修复涂层;同时介绍了几种本征型自修复涂层,包括紫外光引发自修复涂层、热可逆交联自修复涂层以及层层组装自修复聚合物膜涂层。对其自修复机理、涂层的制备、性能及研究进展进行了阐述;最后对自修复涂层的前景进行了展望。     

柔性储能器件的电极设计研究进展

随着制造技术的飞速发展,便携式电子设备正朝着柔性化、轻质化、微型化及智能化方向发展,能够弯曲、折叠、扭曲、拉伸等协调变形的柔性电子设备应运而生。作为柔性电子设备的关键部件,储能器件的设计成为柔性电子实际应用必须攻克的难题。传统储能器件是刚性的,难以与柔性电子设备相适配,在变形时易造成电极材料与集流体分离,严重影响了电化学性能,甚至造成短路,产生重大的安全隐患。基于此,开发新型柔性储能器件,如柔性锂离子电池、柔性锂硫电池、柔性锂金属电池、柔性超级电容器等,已成为当今学术界和产业界研究的热点。近年来,基于本征柔性材料组装以及刚性材料柔性化设计两种方式获得的柔性储能器件取得了很大进展。金属纤维(如铝、铜)、聚合物纤维(如聚吡咯、聚苯胺)和碳基材料(如碳纳米纤维、碳纳米管、石墨烯及其复合材料)等因具有本征柔性的特征,在柔性储能器件中扮演着重要角色。其他诸如钴酸锂、钛酸锂等无机刚性材料的脆性较大,需通过合理的结构设计实现柔性。此外,柔性储能系统还需具备高容量、高效率、轻薄、安全等综合性能来满足实际的应用需求。本综述围绕本征和非本征柔性储能器件,探讨材料微观结构与器件宏观性能的构效关系,重点阐述各类柔性电极材料的制备方法、力学性能和电化学性能,并对未来柔性储能器件发展、电极材料设计面临的挑战提出了一些见解。     

三维结构应用于储能器件的研究进展

锂离子电池和超级电容器作为新型储能器件因具有能量密度高、充放电效率高、绿色环保等诸多优点，能够应用于能源、汽车、电子器件等领域，备受研究者的关注。三维结构能够增大电极材料的单位立足面积，有效提高电极材料的利用效率，显著改善储能器件的电化学性能。为了进一步提升储能器件的电化学性能和拓宽其应用领域，设计制备具有3D结构的电极材料显得非常必要。主要对利用三维结构电极材料制备锂离子电池和超级电容器进行综述，分析了不同三维结构制备储能器件的优点以及存在的问题，并对三维储能器件的发展方向进行了展望。     

原位透射电镜技术在电化学储能领域的研究进展

理解电极材料的微观电化学行为、微观结构演变和反应机理,对开发高性能电化学储能材料具有重要意义,并有望为优化高性能电化学储能器件的设计提供帮助。在透射电子显微镜(TEM)中构建微型电池,可以直接观察在电池工作状态下电极材料的形貌、成分和微观结构演变,从动力学角度理解电极材料转化和存储的过程和机制,构建电极材料微观结构-宏观性能的构效关系。综述了近年来利用原位TEM研究锂离子电池重要电极材料、锂硫电池和锂-空气电池的最新研究进展,讨论并展望了原位TEM技术在电化学储能领域的未来发展趋势。原位TEM技术对于研究理解在电池工作状态下电极材料的电化学反应行为和机理具有重要的价值,对于深入理解电池失效过程和设计高性能电池具有重要的指导意义。     

固态电解质中的聚合物复合体系研究进展

固态聚合物电解质因其质量轻、柔性好,且与电极材料接触良好、界面阻抗小,成为开发新一代高能量密度、高安全性乃至高柔韧性电化学器件的潜在材料,近年来获得了广泛关注。但因其离子电导率低、力学性能差等缺陷也成为限制其进一步商业化的关键问题。通过交联、共混、共聚等手段组成聚合物的复合体系有可能很好地解决这些问题,因此本文首先对聚合物中的离子导电机理进行了简要介绍,旨在从原理的角度阐释上述问题的解决策略;随后综述了近年来多种聚合物基复合电解质在电化学器件中的应用以及改性策略。最后对复合固态聚合物电解质目前面临的基础研究和实际应用问题进行了讨论,给出了解决这些问题的建议,以期为新型聚合物复合固态电解质的设计与制备提供新思路。     

Fabrication of Metal Molybdate Micro/Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Currently, metal molybdates compounds can be prepared by several methods and are considered as prospective electrode materials in many fields because the metal ions possess the ability to exist in several oxidation states. These multiple oxidation states contribute to prolonging the discharge time, improving the energy density, and increasing the cycling stability. The high electrochemical performance of metal molybdates as electrochemical energy storage devices are discussed in this review. According to recent publications and research progress on relevant materials, the investigation of metal molybdate compounds are discussed via three main aspects: synthetic methods, material properties and measured electrochemical performance of these compounds as electrode materials. The recent progress in general metal molybdate nanomaterials for LIBs and supercapacitors are carefully presented here.     

A Single-Ion Conducting Borate Network Polymer as a Viable Quasi-Solid Electrolyte for Lithium Metal Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries have remained a state-of-the-art electrochemical energy storage technology for decades now, but their energy densities are limited by electrode materials and conventional liquid electrolytes can pose significant safety concerns. Lithium metal batteries featuring Li metal anodes, solid polymer electrolytes, and high-voltage cathodes represent promising candidates for next-generation devices exhibiting improved power and safety, but such solid polymer electrolytes generally do not exhibit the required excellent electrochemical properties and thermal stability in tandem. Here, an interpenetrating network polymer with weakly coordinating anion nodes that functions as a high-performing single-ion conducting electrolyte in the presence of minimal plasticizer, with a wide electrochemical stability window, a high room-temperature conductivity of 1.5 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹, and exceptional selectivity for Li-ion conduction (t_Li+ = 0.95) is reported. Importantly, this material is also flame retardant and highly stable in contact with lithium metal. Significantly, a lithium metal battery prototype containing this quasi-solid electrolyte is shown to outperform a conventional battery featuring a polymer electrolyte.     

Self-healing flexible/stretchable energy storage devices

During the past decade, flexible/stretchable energy storage devices have garnered increasing attention, with the successful development of wearable electronics. However, due to the repeated deformation accompanied with the electrochemical depletion process, these devices suffer from unavoidable damage, including cracks, crazing, puncture and delamination, which can lead to serious performance degradation or even safety issues. Simultaneously, inspired by biological organs, self-healing capability is found to be a promising approach to address these issues by restoring the mechanical and electrochemical performance. This review first summarizes the structural design and features of various flexible/stretchable energy storage devices, from 1D to 3D configurations. Then, basic concepts and three self-healing mechanisms, including capsule-based systems, vascular-based systems, and intrinsic healing systems are analyzed along with a brief look at existing applications. Then we review all the important parts of state-of-art flexible/stretchable self-healing supercapacitors and batteries including electrodes, electrolytes, substrates and encapsulation. Moreover, a detailed evaluation of methodologies for flexibility, stretchability and self-healing capabilities are described in detail. Finally, the critical challenges and prospects of future promising solutions for self-healing flexible/stretchable energy storage devices or even electronics are provided.     

Nanoscale Engineering of Heterostructured Anode Materials for Boosting Lithium‐Ion Storage

Rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), as one of the most important electrochemical energy‐storage devices, currently provide the dominant power source for a range of devices, including portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, due to their high energy and power densities. The interest in exploring new electrode materials for LIBs has been drastically increasing due to the surging demands for clean energy. However, the challenging issues essential to the development of electrode materials are their low lithium capacity, poor rate ability, and low cycling stability, which strongly limit their practical applications. Recent remarkable advances in material science and nanotechnology enable rational design of heterostructured nanomaterials with optimized composition and fine nanostructure, providing new opportunities for enhancing electrochemical performance. Here, the progress as to how to design new types of heterostructured anode materials for enhancing LIBs is reviewed, in the terms of capacity, rate ability, and cycling stability: i) carbon‐nanomaterials‐supported heterostructured anode materials; ii) conducting‐polymer‐coated electrode materials; iii) inorganic transition‐metal compounds with core@shell structures; and iv) combined strategies to novel heterostructures. By applying different strategies, nanoscale heterostructured anode materials with reduced size, large surfaces area, enhanced electronic conductivity, structural stability, and fast electron and ion transport, are explored for boosting LIBs in terms of high capacity, long cycling lifespan, and high rate durability. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of future materials design for high‐performance LIB anodes are considered. The strategies discussed here not only provide promising electrode materials for energy storage, but also offer opportunities in being extended for making a variety of novel heterostructured nanomaterials for practical renewable energy applications.     

超级电容器电极材料及器件的柔性化与微型化

随着可穿戴式电子设备的快速发展,各类柔性储能器件也相继出现。柔性超级电容器因其稳定性高、体积小、电化学性能优越等特点受到研究人员的广泛关注。开发一种工艺简单、电化学性能和柔性良好的电极材料对制备性能优越的柔性超级电容器具有重要意义。材料的选取、电极的制备及器件的微型化将是未来的主要研究方向。本文主要综述了柔性超级电容器电极材料的分类、具体的制备方法以及器件的主要构型,并探讨了柔性超级电容器电极材料及器件的主要发展方向和研究重点。     

Graphdiyne‐Based Materials: Preparation and Application for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Graphdiyne (GDY) has drawn much attention for its 2D chemical structure, extraordinary intrinsic properties, and wide application potential in a variety of research fields. In particular, some structural features and basic physical properties including expanded in‐plane pores, regular nanostructuring, and good transporting properties make GDY a promising candidate for an electrode material in energy‐storage devices, including batteries and supercapacitors. The chemical structure, synthetic strategy, basic chemical–physical properties of GDY, and related theoretical analysis on its energy‐storage mechanism are summarized here. Moreover, through a view of the mutual promotion between the structure modification of GDY and the corresponding electrochemical performance improvement, research progress on the application of GDY for electrochemical energy storage is systematically explored and discussed. Furthermore, the development trends of GDY in energy‐storage devices are also comprehensively assessed. GDY‐based materials represent a bright future in the field of electrochemical energy storage.     

Recent Progress in Iron‐Based Electrode Materials for Grid‐Scale Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Grid‐scale energy storage batteries with electrode materials made from low‐cost, earth‐abundant elements are needed to meet the requirements of sustainable energy systems. Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with iron‐based electrodes offer an attractive combination of low cost, plentiful structural diversity and high stability, making them ideal candidates for grid‐scale energy storage systems. Although various iron‐based cathode and anode materials have been synthesized and evaluated for sodium storage, further improvements are still required in terms of energy/power density and long cyclic stability for commercialization. In this Review, progress in iron‐based electrode materials for SIBs, including oxides, polyanions, ferrocyanides, and sulfides, is briefly summarized. In addition, the reaction mechanisms, electrochemical performance enhancements, structure–composition–performance relationships, merits and drawbacks of iron‐based electrode materials for SIBs are discussed. Such iron‐based electrode materials will be competitive and attractive electrodes for next‐generation energy storage devices.     

Doping Regulation in Polyanionic Compounds for Advanced Sodium-Ion Batteries

It has long been the goal to develop rechargeable batteries with low cost and long cycling life. Polyanionic compounds offer attractive advantages of robust frameworks, long-term stability, and cost-effectiveness, making them ideal candidates as electrode materials for grid-scale energy storage systems. In the past few years, various polyanionic electrodes have been synthesized and developed for sodium storage. Specifically, doping regulation including cation and anion doping has shown a great effect in tailoring the structures of polyanionic electrodes to achieve extraordinary electrochemical performance. In this review, recent progress in doping regulation in polyanionic compounds as electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) is summarized, and their underlying mechanisms in improving electrochemical properties are discussed. Moreover, challenges and prospects for the design of advanced polyanionic compounds for SIBs are put forward. It is anticipated that further versatile strategies in developing high-performance electrode materials for advanced energy storage devices can be inspired.     

Systematic Study of Alkali Cations Intercalated Titanium Dioxide Effect on Sodium and Lithium Storage

The fast development of electrochemical energy storage devices necessitates rational design of the high‐performance electrode materials and systematic and deep understanding of the intrinsic energy storage processes. Herein, the preintercalation general strategy of alkali ions (A = Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) into titanium dioxide (A‐TO, LTO, NTO, KTO) is proposed to improve the structural stability of anode materials for sodium and lithium storage. The different optimization effects of preintercalated alkali ions on electrochemical properties are studied systematically. Impressively, the three electrode materials manifest totally different capacities and capacity retention. The efficiency of the energy storage process is affected not only by the distinctive structure but also by the suitable interlayer spacing of Ti‐O, as well as by the interaction effect between the host Ti‐O layer and alien cations with proper size, demonstrating the pivotal role of the sodium ions. The greatly enhanced electrochemical performance confirms the importance of rational engineering and synthesis of advanced electrode materials with the preintercalation of proper alkali cations.