锆-铈@凹凸棒土复合吸附剂的制备及其除磷性能试验研究

研究了用凹凸棒土、氧氯化锆和氯化铈制备锆-铈@凹凸棒土复合吸附剂,并通过单因素试验和响应面优化法考察所制备吸附剂对磷的去除性能及再生效果,分析其除磷机制。结果表明：所制备复合吸附剂表面粗糙,对磷的吸附主要基于羟基与磷酸根的配位交换;在废水初始磷质量浓度10 mg/L、pH=6.0、吸附剂用量1.6 g/L、吸附时间120 min条件下,磷去除率达96.31%,且去除效果稳定;用盐酸再生吸附剂,重复脱附—吸附3次,磷去除率仍保持在76%以上;磷浓度-pH及磷浓度-复合吸附剂用量对去除率的交互影响显著。     

基于高炉渣的重金属废水净化材料的研制

在炉渣基固化/稳定化重金属土壤的基础上，以高炉渣为主要材料，通过掺入不同比例的激发剂和石灰石粉，研制了炉渣基重金属废水净化材料.试验原废水中Cd2+、Cr3+、Pb2+和Zn2+的浓度分别为10 mg/L、10 mg/L、20 mg/L和50 mg/L，以重金属去除率为评价指标.结果表明，在高炉渣、激发剂和石灰石粉的质量比为55:10:35，材料总添加量为6 g/L时，废水中Cd2+、Cr3+、Pb2+和Zn2+的去除率分别达到99.60 %、99.50 %、99.70 %和97.76 %，达到了国家排放标准.      

膨润土的改性及其对废水中磷吸附效果的研究

[目的]研究改性膨润土对废水中磷吸附的影响.[方法]采用盐酸和煅烧两种方法对鹏润土分别进行酸改性和热改性,研究了不同浓度酸改性及不同温度热改性时膨润土磷吸附的影响,并探讨了热改性膨润土的最佳温度及pH值.[结果]在废水浓度20 mg/L、膨润土投加量2%(重量比)时,对磷的吸附效果随着酸用量的增加而增加,9%盐酸改性后磷去除率由18.14%提高到45.59%;热改性后磷去除率上升为41.17%,最佳热改性温度为500℃,在弱酸及弱碱性条件下有利于500℃热改性膨润土吸附除磷,pH=9时,10 mg/L磷溶液中磷的去除率可达92.77%,磷剩余浓度为0.47 mg/L,达到国家城镇污水处理厂一级A排放标准.[结论j酸改性和热改性均可显著提高膨润土的磷吸附效果.     

普通脱硫弧菌去除含铀废水中的铀

酸性地浸矿山退役后,采区范围内地下水中依旧存在着少量铀的残留,需要清除以恢复地下水环境。使用一株新的普通脱硫弧菌Desulfovibrio vulgaris GnLF21,开展了影响其除铀能力的因素及对废水稀释液的处理研究。结果表明,初始U6+浓度为4 mg/L、pH=7.0、初始SO42-浓度为1.0 mg/L时,菌株去除铀能力最强,铀去除率分别为97.9%、96.8%、92.7%。在废水pH为4.5、SO42-浓度≤2 g/L、初始U6+浓度为1.87 mg/L、菌株GnLF21接种量20%时,在96 h和120 h时铀去除率分别为77.74%和80.73%。可应用异源性硫酸盐还原菌开展酸性含铀废水的生物修复。     

改性铝土矿处理高质量浓度有机废水的研究

铝土矿经改性后,针对高质量浓度有机废水的处理进行了试验研究,确定了最佳处理试验条件.试验结果表明,在pH值为10、改性铝土矿投加量分别为6g/L和10g/L、搅拌速度为60r/min、搅拌时间分别为30min和40min的条件下,初始质量浓度为6 250mg/L的有机废水去除率为73.5%,初始质量浓度为54 600mg/L的有机废水去除率为64.2%.     

MnO2脱除废水中磷的试验研究

研究了用二氧化锰从含磷模拟溶液中除磷,考察了二氧化锰用量、溶液初始pH、反应温度、反应时间和搅拌速度对除磷效果的影响。结果表明:溶液初始磷质量浓度21.20mg/L,在二氧化锰用量3.5g、溶液初始pH=2.5、反应温度20℃、反应时间30min、搅拌速度200r/min条件下,磷脱除率达98%,处理后的废水符合国家工业废水磷排放标准。利用该法处理磷初始质量浓度为9.73mg/L的钨冶炼废水,可同样达到优异的除磷效果。     

羟基磷灰石的优化制备及其对Mn2+的吸附性能

使用共沉淀法,在不同pH、Ca/P摩尔比、陈化时间条件下制备羟基磷灰石（HAP）,并根据其对Mn2+的吸附性能获得制备HAP的优化条件。在此基础上,通过静态试验,研究了优化制备的HAP在溶液pH、投加量、反应时间以及Mn2+初始浓度的影响下对Mn2+的吸附性能,并结合吸附动力学模型和吸附等温模型分析其吸附机理。结果表明,HAP的最佳制备条件为pH=10、摩尔比Ca/P=1.67、陈化时间24 h。当锰初始浓度5 mg/L、pH=7、HAP投加量1 g/L、反应时间360 min时,HAP对Mn2+的吸附效果最好,其吸附量与去除率分别为4.97 mg/g和98.4%。HAP对Mn2+的吸附更符合Freundlich等温线模型和准二级动力学模型,为单层化学吸附。     

电催化氧化法去除黄金冶炼废水中氰化物和氨氮试验研究

对黄金冶炼废水进行了电催化氧化处理研究,考察了氯离子质量浓度、极板间距、电流密度等因素对氰化物和氨氮去除效果的影响。最佳工艺参数为:废水初始pH值9.28、氯离子初始质量浓度25 g/L、极板间距20 mm、电流密度16.3 mA/cm2、废水循环流速64 mL/min。在最佳工艺条件下,电解150 min,氰化物质量浓度从28.84 mg/L降至0.20 mg/L,氨氮质量浓度从700 mg/L降至7 mg/L,去除率分别为99.3%、99.0%,处理后废水中的总氰、氨氮均可达到《GB 8978—1996污水综合排放标准》一级标准。     

CaTiO3去除溶液中U(Ⅵ)的性能研究

通过溶剂热法制备了CaTiO3,并探究了溶液pH、固液比、U(Ⅵ)初始浓度、反应时间对U(Ⅵ)吸附效果的影响。吸附实验结果表明：在溶液pH为3.5,固液比为0.2 g/L、U(Ⅵ)初始浓度为25 mg/L、反应时间为100 min时,CaTiO3材料对U(Ⅵ)的吸附效果最好,去除率为98.06%,吸附容量为125.19 mg/g。     

P25 TiO2光催化降解中低浓度氨氮废水

针对水体中较为严重的氨氮污染问题,结合光催化氧化技术在污水处理方面的应用前景,提出以 P25为催化剂,光催化降解模拟氨氮废水.讨论了降解体系中P25用量、pH值、不同初始浓度及外加氧化剂H2O2、水体中各种阴阳离子Cl-、HCO3-、NO3-、SO42-、Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+对降解氨氮废水的影响.实验结果表明：在500 W汞灯的照射下,对于100 mg/L的含NH3-N废水,当P25用量为0.5 g/L、氨氮废水初始pH=10.1、H2O2投加量为2 mmol/L、氨水的浓度为100 mg/L 时,去除率最高;Cl-、HCO3-、NO3-、SO42-、Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+对氨氮废水的去除效果有抑制作用.证明了P25对氨氮废水的降解有一定的效果.     

Contribution to phosphorus behaviour in steelmaking with sponge iron

Experiments were conducted in a 70 t UHP electric arc furnace to study the phosphorus behaviour in steelmaking with sponge iron. The proportion of sponge iron in the metallic feed was varied from 52 to 95.4 wt.%. The results are used to show the effect of the sponge iron proportion in the charge on the phosphorus content of the bath. They are also utilized to illustrate the effects of the composition, temperature and theoretical optical basicity of the slag on the phosphate capacity and to investigate the kinetics of dephosphorization. It is found that both initial and final phosphorus contents of the bath decrease almost linearly with increasing sponge iron proportion in the charge. Using regression analysis, linear equations were obtained which show the change of the phosphate capacity of a slag, at a given temperature, with the total lime content as well as with the theoretical optical basicity. Based on these equations, a functional relationship was derived which shows the effect of simultaneous variation of total lime content and temperature of a slag on its phosphate capacity. A similar equation is given for the influence of simultaneous change of theoretical optical basicity and temperature on the phosphate capacity of a slag. The effect of the compositions of the slag and metal on the phosphorus distribution ratio is expressed by an equation. The kinetics of dephosphorization are investigated, assuming that the mass transfer of phosphorus in the metal is the rate controlling step. In the present investigation the activation energy of dephosphorization is equal to 38 kJ/mol and the mass transfer coefficient of phosphorus at 1600°C is 0.0135 cm/s.     

Effect of change of slag phase on dephosphorization of ��double- slag+slag- remaining�� steelmaking technology

The microstructure and phase constituent of dephosphorization slag of ??double- slag+slag- remaining?? steelmaking technology were observed and analyzed by SEM, part of the slag were heat treatment, and the effect of the change of slag phase on dephosphorization was studied. The research results show that the phase of dephosphorization slag A1-A3 with high dephosphorization rate are composed of calcium ferrite, complex liquid silicate phase (Ca3TiFeSi3O12, Ca54MgAl2Si16O9) and 2CaO??SiO2(C2S) solid phase solution with calcium phosphate (2Ca2SiO4??Ca3(PO4)2, Ca7(PO)4(SiO4)2), the main phase of dephosphorization slag A4 with low dephosphorization rate is liquid phase, the main phases of dephosphorization slag A5 are MnFe2O4, MnV2O4, Ca12Al14O33, little phosphorus rich calcium silicate solid phase is found in both dephosphorization slag A4 and A5; the phase of dephosphorization slag A3 changes little before and after heat treatment, but the phase of dephosphorization slag A4 changes greatly after heat treatment, which changing to liquid phase and white branches like RO phase; the dephosphorization slag of ??double- slag+slag- remaining?? steelmaking technology contain many un- dissolved CaO, but little is found in decarburization slag, the formation of C2S solid phase in dephosphorization slag plays an important role to accelerate the dephosphorization reaction.     

含磷钢渣碳热还原脱磷及资源化利用的研究现状

摘要：针对脱磷转炉渣中磷资源高效回收及其资源化利用过程中存在的问题,系统总结了含磷钢渣除磷方式及其应用优缺点,并着重总结了不同条件（炉渣温度、炉渣碱度、钢渣中FeO质量分数、碳当量、底吹气体流量、冶炼时间等）对碳热还原气化脱磷的影响规律。同时,以应用前景较好的碳热还原气化脱磷方法为基础,提出了脱磷转炉渣在碳热还原气化脱磷过程磷的流向规律,展望了渣中磷资源回收制备磷铁及其循环利用模式。这为实现渣中磷资源高效回收及处理后残渣资源化利用提供重要研究基础和方向。     

转炉熔渣低温气化脱磷行为

 在低温下脱磷转炉熔渣中的磷质量分数过高往往是限制转炉渣循环利用的重要因素,因此如何有效降低转炉熔渣中磷质量分数成为众多钢铁企业迫切需要解决的重点问题之一。基于此,从理论分析和工业试验角度,并结合XRD、SEM-EDS和拉曼光谱等试验手段进一步分析研究了理论热力学条件、转炉渣熔点、矿相结构和炉渣结构对低温气化脱磷的影响。通过理论分析表明,较高温度、较低的FeO含量和碱度有利于低温气化脱磷反应。工业试验结果表明,当终点温度为1 350～1 360 ℃、转炉渣FeO质量分数为25%～35%、碱度控制为1.2～2.5时,气化脱磷率可以达到30%以上。当炉渣碱度小于1.25、FeO质量分数小于35%时,适当地提高炉渣碱度和FeO含量能促进炉渣熔点降低,进而有利于低温气化脱磷反应的发生。XRD和SEM-EDS分析结果表明,转炉渣主要由富磷相、基体相和RO相组成,其中Si、P、Ca质量分数高的Ca₂SiO₄-Ca₃(PO₄)₂富磷相的存在不利于低温气化脱磷反应发生,Fe、Mn等金属氧化物质量分数高的RO相和基体相的存在有利于低温气化脱磷。通过转炉渣拉曼光谱分析表明,当转炉渣硅氧四面体结构Qn(n=1,2,3)相对含量较低时,渣中聚合度降低,且Ca₃Si₂O₇相含量较少,炉渣流动性较好,此种渣结构有利于低温气化脱磷。通过本研究可以为钢铁企业实现脱磷转炉渣的二次利用提供借鉴。     

Optimization of Low Phosphorus Steel Production With Double Slag Process in BOF

To produce the steel with phosphorus less than 0.007% (mass percent), the double slag process has been optimized in basic oxygen furnace (BOF). Dephosphorization and decarburization arc performed in sequence in the same converter. Deslagging is conducted twice, each at the end of dephosphorization and decarburization, by tilting the BOF. Production was tested in a 180 t BOF. Mass percent of phosphorus in steel at BOF blow end has been made to as low as 0.0042% after optimizing operational parameters. Factors affecting dephosphorization performance were studied. Before intermediate deslagging, dephosphorization is determined by the mass transfer of phosphorus from metal/slag interface to bulk slag phase rather than equilibrium thermodynamic conditions. After intermediate deslagging, dephosphorization is determined by the equilibrium thermodynamic conditions such as slag composition and temperature.     

转炉热态熔渣脱磷及循环利用生产实践

为去除转炉渣中的磷,实现转炉渣在转炉内的循环利用,从而达到降低冶炼成本的目的,针对顶底复吹转炉炼钢生产,结合气化脱磷热力学理论分析,研究了不同因素对脱磷率的影响。结果表明,在炼钢温度下用碳质脱磷剂还原炉渣中P2O5是可行的,选择碳质还原剂更合理。转炉熔渣脱磷率与熔渣温度、还原剂加入量、渣中FeO质量分数存在明显关系,3个参数的取值分别为1 660～1 670 ℃、150～200 kg和20%时,熔渣的脱磷率可以达到30%以上。生产实践表明,转炉熔渣的炉内循环利用可以降低石灰消耗3.29 kg/t、钢铁料消耗2.94 kg/t、炼钢成本5.48元/t。     

转炉冶炼低磷洁净钢的工艺开发和实践

 转炉具备冶炼低磷钢的生产能力,但生产超低磷9Ni钢,转炉脱磷工艺仍然是主要难点和研究重点。分析了钢水温度、炉渣碱度、FeO和渣量等对转炉脱磷的影响规律,并结合现场工装设备条件,对转炉双联法、三渣法、双渣法3种脱磷模式进行试验对比。双联脱磷工艺半钢温降大、单炉周期长、生产组织难度大,三渣法操作过程复杂、终点磷控制优势不明显。双渣法冶炼周期短,通过优化转炉脱磷工艺,实现了采用双渣法冶炼工艺生产超低磷钢,简化了超低磷钢转炉冶炼流程,提高了生产效率。研究了转炉脱磷主要工艺参数,分析得出采用脱碳氧枪喷头时,供氧流量按脱碳吹炼流量的83.5%控制,可达到良好的脱磷效果并减少铁水碳的烧损;脱磷期半钢碳含量不宜控制过低,半钢碳质量分数为3.0%～3.5%时能保证前期的脱磷效果和脱碳期的热量。脱磷期温度控制在1 300～1 350 ℃,脱磷率较高也有利于炉渣熔化。炉渣碱度为1.8～2.2时,可保证较高的脱磷率和化渣效果。一次倒渣量40%以上,脱碳期终点温度按1 590～1 610 ℃控制,终渣FeO质量分数不小于20%,终渣碱度大于6,转炉终点磷质量分数可降低到0.002%以下。采用下渣检测系统和滑板挡渣操作,严格控制下渣量,出钢采用磷含量低的合金,炉后钢水增磷可控制在小于0.000 5%。通过工业试验,实现了铸机成品磷质量分数小于0.002%。     

复吹转炉冶炼高级别管线钢低磷控制

随着铁水磷含量的增高,邯钢邯宝炼钢厂250t复吹转炉在冶炼高级别管线钢时对钢中磷含量的控制越来越难。从转炉脱磷的热力学和动力学理论两方面进行了分析,并针对性地制定了转炉吹炼过程去磷的有效措施,包括采用转炉留渣操作提高前期去磷效果、提高炉渣碱度、对于铁水磷质量分数高于0.12%的炉次采用少渣冶炼、吹炼过程枪位比优化前提高200mm和应用出钢下渣检测和滑板挡渣技术降低回磷等。转炉冶炼工艺优化后,转炉终点磷的质量分数平均值由优化前的0.0122%降低到优化后的0.0089%,钢包磷质量分数由0.0135%降低到0.0096%,为邯宝炼钢厂大批量生产优质高级别管线钢等洁净钢打下了基础。     

120t转炉第一次倒渣脱磷参数计算与工艺试验

通过脱磷与还原磷的平衡热力学研究,确定了120 t转炉双渣法冶炼低磷钢时最佳一次倒渣温度与碱度之间的关系。通过对磷分配比Lp计算,得到了1450℃下,碱度、(FeO)对其影响。结合热力学软件Factsage,得到最佳的脱磷渣碱度和(FeO)。计算表明,随着炉渣碱度的增大,最佳脱磷温度区间向高温区移动;1450℃下,最佳的第一次倒渣碱度为2,最佳(FeO)为20%～25%。     

Study on Kinetic Model for Dephosphorization of High-Phosphorus Hot Metal Pretreatment

Focused on the hot metal pretreatment process in the torpedo-car and based on the powder injection metallurgy principle, a kinetic model for dephosphorization of high-phosphorus hot metal pretreatment was developed. The validity of this model was verified by comparison between the experimental results in laboratory and the calculated results. The influences of dephosphorization capacity of molten slag and technological conditions on the dephosphorization efficiency were calculated by applying the model. The results show that lower temperatures are favorable to dephosphorization, CaO content in slag should be controlled at about 50%, suitable initial phosphorus content in the hot metal with higher phosphorus contents is about 0.35% by comprehensively considering various factors, slag systems of higher iron oxide content and higher basicity have higher capacity of dephosphorization.