微型燃气轮机与冷热电联供系统

介绍了微型燃气轮机和溴化锂吸收式冷温水机组直接组成的冷热电联供系统,根据微型燃气轮机的回热器的特性,对系统进行了简要的分类,指出了其利用特点,论述了微型燃气轮机冷热电联供系统在能源利用中的优势。     

基于综合效益的生物质气化式三联供系统优化

生物质气化式的冷热电三联供系统目前在能源工程方面有着很大的发展前景,气化的生物质与冷热电三联供系统结合在一起,从经济效益、环境效益、系统效率等方面对系统进行优化,可以最大限度地提高经济效益和生物质能源的利用率。对生物质气化式三联供系统可以从许多方面进行多目标优化评估,比如生物质原料的种类、主要设备的选型与容量、热电比、运行策略等,大多数采用的方法是遗传算法(GA)。     

太阳能冷热电联供分布式能源系统的研究

以太阳能应用为背景，讨论了能够实现独立建筑冷热电联供的两种分布式能源系统的原理。以太阳能作为唯一热源，用于加热气体工质，进行闭式Brdyton循环发电。其透平释放的余热通过余热制冷方式供冷或通过换热器直接供热．可实现独立建筑的冷热电联供。当把燃料电池系统和该热动力系统组合起来，则可实现白天和夜间连续的独立建筑冷热电联供。该系统不消耗化石能源，无污染，能源利用效率高，具有进一步理论研究的价值和推广应用潜力。     

基于可再生能源的冷热电联供系统集成配置与运行优化研究进展

基于可再生能源的分布式冷热电联供系统（RE-CCHP系统）,以可永续利用的可再生能源作为能量输入,能借助太阳能、风能等的时空互补特性实现冷热电综合供应,显著提升能源利用效率和系统可靠性,因而对可再生能源的大规模高效利用和节能减排具有非常重要的意义。梳理了近年来RE-CCHP系统的主要研究进展,总结了RE-CCHP系统集成配置、设计和运行优化等几个方面的研究成果,明确了目前冷热电联供系统的研究现状,指出了当前研究中亟待克服解决的问题,并对未来的发展方向做出了展望。     

浅谈分布式区域冷热电联供系统

建筑节能已成为我国节能技术领域的重要议题。冷热电三联供技术是充分利用低品位热能的一种有效手段，该系统能源综合利用率高，一般均可达到70％以上。本文阐述了分布式区域冷热电联供系统的原理和特点，提出一种基于热气机的天然气能源岛系统。并指出充分推动分布式区域冷热电联供技术的应用，对于能源节约、环境保护、能源安全以及资本有效运作具有十分重要的意义。     

微燃机冷热电联供系统性能的模拟研究

介绍了冷热电联供(CCHP)系统,以上海某示范性微燃机冷热电联供系统为研究对象,通过建立系统主要设备的数学模型,模拟分析了系统在不同环境温度下的性能和系统全年的运行工况。结果表明:微燃机冷热电联供系统的性能受环境温度的影响,系统过渡季节不运行时年平均能源综合利用率可达到70%以上。     

燃气轮机和内燃机在天然气冷热电联供系统中的性能比较

天然气冷热电联供系统中驱动装置的选型对系统的运行性能至关重要.在这一背景下,分析比较了燃气轮机和内燃机在冷热电联供系统中的发电效率、热效率、一次能源利用率等性能指标以及对环境的影响,并以北京市某宾馆为例设计了天然气冷热电联供系统方案,在余电可上网出售的条件下,利用RETScreen软件分别比较了天然气价和电价对燃气轮机系统和内燃机系统运行利润的影响.     

基于可再生能源的冷热电联供系统优化

基于边防哨所地区气候、用电特点以及现有技术条件,分析含可再生能源的冷热电联供系统在边防哨所应用的可行性并建立含可再生能源预测的系统经济模型;针对冷热电联供求解模型往往维度高、变量多,传统的灰狼算法(GWO)易陷入局部最优且寻优速度慢不能满足高纬度冷热电联供优化问题,改进GWO中α参数并引入权重因子ω。以某边防哨所为例并以机组容量配置作为控制变量,运用Matlab仿真对比4种算法,分析不同渗透率对系统运行成本的影响。研究结果可为含可再生能源的冷热电联供系统应用到边防哨所的运行与优化提供借鉴。     

采用增量法的BCHP系统经济性分析

在与传统能源系统方案比较基础上,提出冷热电联供(BCHP)系统经济性的增量评价法,从而避免了热价、冷价等人为因素干扰,使 BCHP 系统经济性的评价更加客观,并针对大学的 BCHP 系统进行经济性案例分析.分析认为,最大利用小时数、运行效率、能源价格乃至系统容量等因素对冷热电联供系统经济性影响很大,进而认为体育场馆、会馆等设备利用小时数少,住宅电价低,这类用户不宜采用BCHP系统.合适的容量利于提高 BCHP 系统的经济性.     

基于双联流化床固体废弃物共气化的固体氧化物燃料电池分布式冷热电三联供系统研究

农林废弃物、生活垃圾和污泥是小城镇和周边农村地区主要的含能固体废弃物资源,将这些废弃物通过分布式能源系统就地处理具有能量利用效率高同时缓解运输压力等优点.文中提出生物质-生活垃圾-固体废弃物双流化床气化协同固体氧化物燃料电池分布式冷热电三联供系统,由双联流化床气化单元、燃料电池发电单元、制冷和供热单元组成.使用Aspe...     

冷热电三联供系统的优化研究

冷热电联供系统主要应用于大型集中性供能系统中。作为分布式能源的一种,冷热电联供系统具有节约能源、改善环境、提高电力综合效益的优势。一般情况下,三联供系统是以天然气为燃料带动燃气轮机、微燃机或内燃机发电机等燃气发电设备运行,产生的电力供应用户的电力需求,系统发电后排出的余热通过余热回收利用设备(余热锅炉或者余热直燃机等)向用户供热、供冷。通过这种方式提高整个系统的一次能源利用率,实现能源的梯级利用,还可以提供并网电力作能源互补,经济收益和效率均得以提升。研究较为常见的燃气轮机中的一种蒸汽型吸收式冷热电联产系统,对不同配置方式和运行方式进行横向与纵向交叉比较,以完成系统优化研究。     

生物质流化床燃烧/气化的烧结特性与机理综述

流化床燃烧/气化是生物质高效规模化能源利用的主要方式之一,由于生物质在较低温度下燃烧/气化时就容易发生床料烧结,影响了系统安全稳定运行,阻碍了能源利用效率的提高.系统地归纳了不同生物质在不同种类床料状态下燃烧/气化时烧结所需的特征温度,分析了生物质种类、碱金属含量、反应气氛与烧结温度之间的联系,结合相关研究,对生物质的烧结机理进行了分析和总结,对烧结温度预测方法和模型的优缺点进行了剖析和比较,对生物质燃烧/气化烧结机理进一步研究、预测模型的优化等提出了积极的建议,以期为相关研究的深入开展和生物质能规模化利用水平的提高提供有意义的参考.     

Energetic and exergetic analysis of a biomass-fueled CCHP system integrated with proton exchange membrane fuel cell

As a high-efficiency and eco-friendly way of energy conversion, fuel cell has received much attention in recent years. A novel residential combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system, consisting of a biomass gasifier, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack, an absorption chiller and auxiliary equipment, is proposed. Based on the established thermodynamic models, the effects of operating parameters, biomass materials type and moisture content on the system performance are closely investigated. Overall system performance is then compared under four different operating modes. From the viewpoints of energy utilization and CO₂ emissions, the CCHP mode has the best performance with corresponding energy efficiency of 57.41% and CO₂ emission index of 0.516 ton/MWh. Exergy analysis results suggest that the optimization and transformation on the gasifier and PEMFC stack should be encouraged. Energy and exergy assessments in this research provide pragmatic guidance to the performance improvement of the integrated CCHP systems with PEMFC. This research also achieves a reasonable combination of efficient cogeneration, green hydrogen production and full recovery of low grade waste heat.     

Performance analysis of a CCHP system based on SOFC/GT/CO2 cycle and ORC with LNG cold energy utilization

An innovative CCHP system based on SOFC/GT/CO₂ cycle and the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) with LNG cold energy utilization is proposed to achieve cascade energy utilization and carbon dioxide capture. The mathematical models are developed and the system performance is analyzed using the energy and exergy methods. The results illustrate that the comprehensive energy utilization, the net power generation and the overall exergy efficiencies of the system can reach about 79.48%, 79.81% and 62.29%, respectively, while the power generation efficiency of the SOFC is 50.96% and the CO₂ capture rate of the proposed CCHP system is 79.2 kg/h under the given conditions. It shows that the proposed CCHP system can reach a high energy utilization efficiency with near zero emissions. The influence of some key parameters, such as the fuel utilization factor, the air-fuel ratio, the oxygen concentration in the cathode feed and the compression ratio of the SCO₂ turbine on the performance of the entire system is studied.     

中国生物质能利用技术评价

本文针对目前我国已有的生物质能利用技术进行技术评价,主要有生物质燃烧技术(包括炉灶燃烧技术、锅炉燃烧发电技术和生物质型煤技术)、生物质气化技术(包括生物质气化技术、生物质气化发电技术)和生物质热裂解液化技术。本文在阐述我国生物质能源开发利用的意义的基础上,综述了上述各种技术发展现状与近年来的应用情况,对我国生物质能利用技术的发展有参考价值。     

Simulation of a new biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC) power generation system using Aspen Plus: Performance analysis and energetic assessment

A new biomass integrated gasification combined cycle (BIGCC), which featured an innovative two-stage enriched air gasification system coupling a fluidized bed with a swirl-melting furnace, was proposed and built for clean and efficient biomass utilization. The performance of biomass gasification and power generation under various operating conditions was assessed using a comprehensive Aspen Plus model for system optimization. The model was validated by pilot-scale experimental data and gas turbine regulations, showing good agreement. Parameters including oxygen percentage of enriched air (OP), gasification temperature, excess air ratio and compressor pressure ratio were studied for BIGCC optimization. Results showed that increase OP could effectively improve syngas quality and two-stage gasification efficiency, enhancing the gas turbine inlet and outlet temperature. The maximum BIGCC fuel utilization efficiency could be obtained at OP of 40%. Increasing gasification temperature showed a negative effect on the two-stage gasification performance. For efficient BIGCC operation, the excess air ratio should be below 3.5 to maintain a designed gas turbine inlet temperature. Modest increase of compressor pressure ratio favored the power generation. Finally, the BIGCC energy analysis further proved the rationality of system design and sufficient utilization of biomass energy.     

Simulation and economic evaluation of biomass gasification with sets for heating,cooling and power production

In this work, syngas was used directly as fuel source for the renewable CCHP system, which can be producted through biomass gasification process. The advantages and limitation of entrained flow gasifier are compared, followed by discussion on the key parameters that are critical for the optimum production of syngas. Gasification agent of 450 °C temperature and 30 atm pressure has been proposed as a optical solution to a entrained flow gasifier using air as gasification agent at 0.27 ER (oxygen equivalence ratio), in that it provides a syngas of 5.665 MJ/m³ LHV and up to 77% gasification efficiency. Depending on the key parameters of gasification process, the properties of syngas produced can be varied. It is thus essential to thoroughly understand the cogeneration system to identify the suitable methods for a renewable CCHP system. These process was simulated using Aspen Plus to perform the rigorous material and energy balances. The results obtained from simulation and experiment agreed well. This paper later focused on economic evaluation of the entire process, as well as the environmental benefits. The renewable CCHP system could able to attain lower CO₂ and SO₂ emission with total energy efficiency and gas yield of 75.43% and 2.476 m³/kg respectively.     

含复合储能的冷热电联供系统多目标运行优化研究

冷热电联供（combined cooling, heating and power, CCHP）系统是分布式能源系统发展的主流趋势,针对CCHP系统的能量调度问题,提出了储电、储热相结合的复合储能技术;为实现CCHP系统的运行优化控制,建立了CCHP系统拓扑架构、系统模型、多目标函数及约束条件,采用线性加权和法将多目标函数转化为单目标函数,利用遗传算法进行优化求解,并与不含复合储能的CCHP系统进行对比分析。结果表明：将复合储能引入CCHP系统,能有效降低系统运行成本和一次能源消耗量,提高系统节能率和削峰填谷能力,为CCHP系统的优化运行策略提供了较好的参考方法。     

基于IEC 61970/61968标准的三联供系统公共信息模型扩展

在综合能源利用中,冷热电三联供(CCHP)作为一种先进的分布式供能系统,具有较强的供能灵活性,因而在多种供能场合得到广泛应用.CCHP系统的普及给多能系统带来信息共享和集成问题,文章对解决该问题的关键CCHP系统的信息模型进行了研究,在深入分析CCHP系统组成、功能及其特点的基础上,采用面向对象的建模方法,遵循公共信息...     

Investigation of a multi-generation system using a hybrid steam biomass gasification for hydrogen, power and heat

In this paper, an integrated process of steam biomass gasification and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is investigated energetically to evaluate both electrical and energy efficiencies. This system is conceptualized as a combined system, based on steam biomass gasification and with a high temperature, pressurized SOFC. The SOFC system uses hydrogen obtained from steam sawdust gasification. Due to the utilization of the hydrogen content of steam in the reforming and shift reaction stages, the system efficiencies reach appreciable levels. This study essentially investigates the utilization of steam biomass gasification derived hydrogen that was produced from an earlier work in a system combines gasifier and SOFC to perform multi-duties (power and heat). A thermodynamic model is developed to explore a combination of steam biomass gasification, which produces 70–75 g of hydrogen/kg of biomass to fuel a planar SOFC, and generate both heat and power. Furthermore, processes are emerged in the system to increase the hydrogen yield by further processing the rest of gasification products: carbon monoxide, methane, char and tar. The conceptualized scheme combines SOFC operates at 1000 K and 1.2 bar and gasifier scheme based on steam biomass gasification which operates close to the atmospheric pressure, a temperature range of 1023–1423 K and a steam-biomass ratio of 0.8 kmol/kmol. A parametric study is also performed to evaluate the effect of various parameters such as hydrogen yield, air flow rate etc. on the system performance. The results show that SOFC with an efficiency of 50.3% operates in a good fit with the steam biomass gasification module with an efficiency, based on hydrogen yield, of 55.3%, and the overall system then works efficiently with an electric efficiency of ∼82%.